Ng'ombe Holstein: khalidwe. ng'ombe za mkaka

Nyama zonse ayipanga lero m'magulu awiri akuluakulu: mkaka ndi nyama malangizo. Kumene, nthawi zambiri, alimi kusunga nyama zosiyanasiyana choyamba. Mmodzi wa anthu otchuka a mkaka onse nthawi yomweyo ndi Holstein ng'ombe zimasokoneza. Khalidwe la zokolola zake pa udoyam zabwino basi.

Mbiri ya mtundu

Ayipanga Holstein (Chifirisiyani) ng'ombe anali mu United States. thanthwe kholo iye anali Dutch. Ku Ulaya America ng'ombe wakuda motley anawabweretsa pakati pa zana la 19. Dutch mtundu kubwezeretsa obereketsa US American asankha makamaka chifukwa cha zizindikiro zake mwachilungamo wabwino zokolola. Yofunika kwambiri amadziwikanso ankaimba ndi chakuti ng'ombe awa ali bwino ndinazolowera zikhalidwe latsopano nyengo iwo. Mawuwo Holstein-Friesian zimasokoneza mu America, ndi zofunika makamaka pa kuwonjezeka mu thupi la nyama ndi, chotero, kuwonjezera kupanga mkaka. Indicators monga mafuta okhutira ndi mipweya ya mkaka pafupifupi chidwi sizinagogomezeredwe. Mu 1983, ng'ombe Holstein-Friesian anadzatchedwa chabe Holstein.

Kufotokozera za mitundu

Ndi ZIDZUKULU European wa Dutch Holstein ng'ombe ng'ombe za mkaka American ndi wolemekezeka makamaka mwa unyinji waukulu wa thupi. Izi si mkulu pa zinafota ndi nyama yamphamvu. Mtundu mu Holstein ng'ombe ya zaka 150 kusankha sanasinthe. Mtundu ambiri ndi wakuda ndi oyera. Nthawi zina pali ng'ombe wakuda kapena wofiira ndi variegated. Mitundu yamasika poyambirira anataya. Komabe, patapita ng'ombe zakhala anasankhidwa - mapangidwe mtundu watsopano. Kuwonjezera pa thupi misa lalikulu, zizindikiro golshtinkogo ng'ombe ndi:

• wangwiro ndi elongated thupi;

• mapazi wamtali;

• chikho woboola pakati udder ndi mitsempha kuoneka bwino;

• m'malo yotakata pachifuwa.

Wamkulu Holstein ng'ombe kuwafika zinafota 150 masentimita bullhead - 162 cm.

Holstein mtundu wa ng'ombe: ndi makhalidwe a zokolola

Kumbali ya mkaka patukani izi ng'ombe American kwambiri kuposa mitundu ambiri European. M'nthawi ya mkaka wa m'mawere Holstein Burenka angapereke 10-12 zikwi. Malita a mkaka. zabwino kwambiri mtundu ndi ntchito imeneyi zizindikiro. Pamphindi kuti mkaka kungakhale kwa makilogalamu 3. Mafuta zili mkaka Holstein ng'ombe si kwambiri - za 3%.

Monga tanenera kale, nyama zimenezi chachikulu kwambiri. Kulemera wamkulu ng'ombe angafikire 700 makilogalamu ng'ombe - makilogalamu 900. Zokolola za nyama pa kuphedwa kwa dongosolo la 50-55%.

ng'ombe Holstein ku Russia

Mu dziko lathu, ambiri a Mitundu mkulu-linachokera ng'ombe. ng'ombe Holstein, mtengo wa imene Russia akadali pa ndithu mkulu, posachedwapa anapambana alimi ndi anthu ambiri. Kuchepetsa izi ng'ombe American osati kuti apeze zokolola, komanso kusintha kwa Mitundu alipo. mfundo yakuti mmodzi wa ubwino Holstein ng'ombe ndi chibadwa amphamvu. Vuto lalikulu kupanga hybrids amaonedwa nyama zovuta pobereka. oimira ambiri a Mitundu m'dera mkaka si lalikulu kwambiri kukula ndi kulemera. Ie zoweta ng'ombe zovuta basi kuti ndi lalikulu Holstein wosakanizidwa.

zimaswana kuipa

Holstein ng'ombe mtundu, zomwe zimaonetseratu pa ntchito yopanga mkaka kwambiri, ali, ena kuipa. Mmodzi wa downsides ng'ombe imeneyi chikufuna poyerekezera ndi kudya ndi nyumba. Holstein ng'ombe zokolola mwachindunji zimadalira mmene zakudya adzakhala cholinga molondola. Malo adzakhala nyama zimenezi ayenera kukhala kuwala ndi airy. Ngakhale ndi mitundu yonse ya matenda Holstein mtundu imatengedwa khola pansi mopanikizana kwambiri ndiponso kusowa mpweya wabwino m'khola kwambiri kuchuluka chiopsezo miliri. Pofuna kukwaniritsa ntchito zabwino za mtundu umenewu, alimi ayenera kutsatira ndendende chofunika ng'ombe kusunga luso onse.

kudya Features

Mu Russia, ndi zokolola za ng'ombe za mkaka ayipanga kwa zaka zambiri. Panthawi imeneyi, njira yapangidwa okhutira, kulola kukwaniritsa bwino Mwachangu zizindikiro. Mfundo umisiri zonsezi bwino yosayenera kwa kuswana kuphatikizapo ng'ombe Holstein.

ng'ombe kudyetsa mchikhalidwe mu minda zoweta ziweto kwenikweni zochokera kulemera moyo. Komanso, kutenga nkhani mafuta zili mkaka. Makamaka mtundu wa kudya unakhazikitsidwa, kutenga nkhani nthaka ndi nyengo ya m'dera imeneyo. Mu kukafola kudya ng'ombe za mkaka komanso kuganizira mfundo yakuti zakudya wonyong'onya mkulu mu mkaka wa nyama sangathe kuwapeza iwo. Ng'ombe ayenera kuperekedwa ngati anaikira (tirigu chinangwa) ndi coarse (udzu) ndi yowutsa mudyo (masamba, muzu masamba) chakudya. Pankhaniyi, zakudya ayenera kusinthidwa osachepera kawiri pa mwezi.

Roughage mkaka Burenka adzilandira za 1-2 makilogalamu pa makilogalamu 100 thupi patsiku, yowutsa mudyo - 8-10 makilogalamu. Limafotokoza kupereka zokolola zochokera kuti mtundu makamaka ndi mkaka wa m'mawere pa makilogalamu 1 mkaka.

nkhani Features

Nthawi zambiri, alimi Russian kuswana ng'ombe ayipanga pa luso msipu stabling. Njira imeneyi akhoza kwambiri kuchepetsa ndalama yopanga mkaka. luso Farmyard kokha ntchito m'madera ndi m'madera ambiri minda. Kuti ndi ziweto kumene kwenikweni. Pankhaniyi, m'chilimwe ng'ombe anali mu khola (mu nkhani iyi iwo kudyetsedwa ndi anagula chakudya wobiriwira), ndiponso m'nyengo yozizira akumasuliridwa ndi onenepa-osiyanasiyana.

Inde, malo aliwonse anafuna ng'ombe, ayenera akhale okonzeka mpweya wabwino ndi kuyatsa. Pakuti aliyense nyama wapatsidwa munthu zake malo. 10 cm pansipa onenepa anakonza ndowe njira. tether kutalika ayenera kukhala ngati kuti ng'ombe zosamukira momasuka, pogona, kudya ndi kumwa.

Mtengo wa ng'ombe Holstein

Zingati izi ng'ombe American? Masiku ano, dziko lathu alimi ambiri ayipanga Holstein ng'ombe zimasokoneza. Price pa ng'ombe ndi ng'ombe Komabe, mpaka m'malo okwezeka. Malinga ndi zaka nyama ndi dera zingakhale 55-150 zikwi. Rubles.

ng'ombe Holstein, makhalidwe amene anapatsidwa m'nkhani ino pamene okhutira popanda kuyan'anila luso zikungosonyeza zotsatira chidwi osati kupanga mkaka komanso nyama lochuluka. Izi ng'ombe American yodziwika ndi ambiri ubwino ndi kuchepetsa izo ndithudi yopindulitsa kuphatikizapo mu Russia.