Cape Canaveral. Pafupi ndi Nyenyezi

Cape Canaveral, Florida - apa ndiye waukulu afunika PAD wa East roketi osiyanasiyana - danga chachikulu cha doko United States.

pakati nzimbe

Anafika m'zaka za m'ma 16, ya ku Florida, ku Ulaya anapereka dzina la Cape Cañaveral, amene anawamasulira kuchokera ku njira Spanish "m'nkhalango nzimbe." Pambuyo athamangitsidwe wa anthu zamakolo - Indian mafuko timakua, Calusa ndi Seminole - anakakhala mayiko a Cape anamwazikana minda, ndi pa gombe - asodzi ndi okhometsa nkhanu.

Pofika cha m'ma otsiriza, akutulukira American danga pulogalamu anatenga pansi mayesero chida. Popeza 1948, tinayamba kugwira ntchito pa ziŵalo siteshoni panyanja "Banana Mtsinje" (US Navy) ndi chilengedwe pa maziko ake a US Air Force m'munsi ndi kuyezetsa pakati. malo sanali osankhidwa mwangozi. Ochepa anthu ndi moyandikana ya Atlantic Ocean kuchepetsa ngozi chilengedwe likhoza kulephera kwa imalankhula boma yozungulira.

Ngati kupeza Cape Canaveral (spaceport) pa mapu, anakantha ndi malo m'malo otsika kumpoto - 28 ˚ N Yerekezerani: Baikonur - 45 ˚ N Izi zipangitsa ubwino zina:

• Pofuna kukwaniritsa woyamba mathamangidwe dziko ntchito mphamvu kayendedwe wa kasinthasintha wa Dziko Lapansi.
• Kuwonjezeka misa payload imene roketi 30%.
• mafuta chuma cha linanena bungwe wagawo ku kanjira geostationary.

imalankhula loyamba

Sitima yoyamba ndi awiri gawo galimoto Launch malo pa Cape Canaveral anatumiza kumwamba mu July 1950. Chilimbikitso roketi galimoto "bampala 2" amalola kuti akafike mbiri pa nthawi ya kutalika - 400 Km. Koma pofuna kubweretsa mu kanjira woyamba yokumba Kanema mu December 1957 idatha kulephera - kuphulika kwa akasinja mafuta anawononga chonyamulira roketi "Vanguard TV-3" masekondi awiri pambuyo chiyambi. Mu 1958, ntchito pa maphunziro a m'mlengalenga ndi kulenga sayansi ndi luso maziko kwachititsa kumene analenga boma boma - NASA.

Machitidwe a m'dera Launch zovuta ndi zinthu zoipa anaulula: Cape Canaveral zadzadza ndi mphepo yolimba ndi mabingu. nyumba kawiri poyambira anali pang'ono kuwonongedwa ndi masoka achilengedwe, ndi makonzedwe a mphezi anayenera chipolopolo kunja ndi makumi zina mamilioni a madola.

Cape Canaveral - Spaceport kapena Force Base?

Mu 1962, Agency National wayamba kumanga ake maofesi Launch yekha, lotchedwa Launch Center, ndi kuyambira November 1963 (pambuyo kuphedwa kwa pulezidenti 35 ya USA), iwo anali anadzatchedwa a Kennedy Space Center. Okwana Cape ndi chilumba oyandikana Merritt Island, yogwirizana ndi zomangamanga wamba imene inamangidwa ziyangoyango oposa makumi atatu.

Makina zambiri spaceport pa Cape Canaveral amatchedwa zoona, mayunitsi awiri utsogoleri wachokera ku mabungwe osiyana boma. imalankhula onse kunachitika mpaka 1965 ndi Air Force m'munsi. Wotchuka wa ntchito:

• Launch ya Kanema woyamba American (1958).
• Woyamba American boma yozungulira (1961) ndi yozungulira (1962) Kuuluka wokayenda pamwezi.
• Launch wa American adalira loyamba ziwiri (1964) ndi atatu (1968) anthu.
• Kuphunzira zakuthambo a dongosolo dzuwa okwerera interplanetary basi.

Kuchokera "Gemini" kuti "Space Olumikiza"

Top nyenyezi ya epic wa Center. Kennedy ali anapezerapo mndandanda wa spacecraft zinakhazikitsa "Gemini" ndi chombo awiri pa bolodi. A okwana flights 12 danga ankachiritsa mu ntchito. Kupambana chachikulu chinali spacewalk wokayenda pamwezi E. White.

Cape Canaveral anapita pa ndege la chombo amene anapita Kanema achilengedwe a Earth. Zonse akuyamba pa ntchito yokonza ndondomeko ndi kukhazikitsa ndege zinakhazikitsa ndi ankafika pa mwezi ( "Apollo") ziyangoyango chopangidwa wa Center.

Choncho, nawonso, pa ulendo wawo kwa pafupi-Earth njira yodutsamo asanu American "Olumikiza" - chombo chinapangidwira. Kuyambira 1981 mpaka 2011, ndege 135 ankachiritsa. Amasulidwa kulowa kanjira 1.6 thous. Matani payloads ndi zida, ikuchitika kafukufuku misa, kukonza ndi ntchito unsembe.

Lero ndi mawa

Popeza 2011, Cape Canaveral amanyamula imalankhula zinakhazikitsa. Mogwirizana ndi kuchepetsa ndalama mapulogalamu danga ntchito izo imayendetsedwa anayi okha ziyangoyango Launch. Part maofesi kukakonza ndipo akweza kuthamanga onyamula latsopano. Mwachitsanzo, kuika LC-39A (nthawi yoyamba 2011) akukonzekera kutumiza mndandanda wa roketi Chimphamba 9FT danga. February-March 2017 atatu yokonzedweratu chiyambi.

Kusiyana musiyane zachuma ndi Russia amakhalitsa funso ena ntchito Nyenyezi US. Kuyenera chitukuko zofunika kwambiri mabungwe payekha danga. Choncho, ntchito chinjoka ndi Chimphamba-9 cholinga kampani SpaceX kuchepetsa kudalira malonda pa zigawo ku Russia. Nthawiyi NPO "ENERGOMASH" anatsimikizira wokonzeka ake kuti aike okhudza za boma la pasanathe zaka ziwiri 14 roketi injini Rd 181 ndi pangano kale anamaliza.