Ndi mankhwala zimene: lingaliro, zinthu komanso mabuku apadera

ndi buku chiyani? M'magazini chake n'chiyani? ndi Mitundu yosiyanasiyana Kodi Zomwe analemba? Mwa ichi chonse, muyenera kumvetsetsa yomweyo. mabuku ndi chodzaza ndi mayina kwambiri, omwe kumathandiza chinthu chatsopano chinthu monga malonda. Kodi zachilendo zimenezi?

ndi mankhwala zimene: lingaliro, makhalidwe, masitaelo

mankhwala anatchula mabuku ntchito iliyonse kutsirizitsa kwa wolemba. Kungakhale ndakatulo pang'ono ndi buku lalikulu, ndi waluso fanizo, komanso ndondomeko. ntchitoyo kusiyana ndi kukhalapo kwa mawonekedwe okhudza malo, mwachitsanzo kumvetsa wapadera wa zochitika. Komanso, ntchito iliyonse kulenga ali kalembedwe zake ndi zolankhula zake. Izi zikhoza kukhala sayansi ntchito, luso mabuku kapena uthenga nonfiction. Izi zidalira pa wolemba ndi pa zifukwa zimene chimamulimbikitsa kulenga mwaluso wake. Kodi mankhwala? Tsopano zinaonekeratu: inasintha aliyense kulenga wolemba chinthu.

Ntchito mabuku a m'zaka za m'ma 19: maina wolemekezeka ndi ntchito zawo

m'ma 19 mabuku Russian amatchedwa golide, chifukwa pa nthawi imeneyi asangalala Pushkin, Lermontov, Tolstoy a wozingwa kapena kuwerenga maganizo. Kukodwa wa Dostoevsky ndi Turgenev mabvuto zapiringizana ndi matupi ndakatulo Tiutchev ndi feta. chimasiyanitsa m'ma 19 enawo chiyani? Choyamba, monga mmene tafotokozera pamwambapa, ntchito ya Pushkin. A mbadwa ya Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum anayamba kuvumbula luntha lake ngakhale mu sukulu mbadwa, ndipo kuti nthawi zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzochita ndakatulo zake zazikulu. Kachiwiri sewero lanthabwala lalikulu la Gogol ndi Griboyedov, ndi kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma, ndipo ngakhale Chekhov, kupanga anthu otchuka ndi mphamvu kuganizira zochita zawo ndi moyo m'dziko. Chachitatu, katundu maganizo zokumana ndi njira ya zamalankhulidwe angadziwe zidzatithandiza owerenga Lva Tolstogo kutitimira mu dziko ili lachinsinsi la mtima wa munthu ndi maganizo, ndi mwatsatanetsatane chingathandize anthu "moyo" buku. Chachitatu, ntchito zazikulu za Dostoevsky adzakusonyezani zolakwa zonse za anthu a nthawi, ndipo pamodzi ndi Ivan Turgenev, iwo tcheru ndi anthu a mtundu watsopano ndi nthawi yatsopano.

Ntchito za m'ma 20

Ntchito izi adzakhala mthunzi. Inde, Silver Age mabuku Russian kuposa chilichonse. Pali maina kwambiri monga Mayakovsky, Yesenin, Block, Nabokov, Vasiliev ndi ena ambiri. Effrontery ndi khalidwe mosalongosoka za m'ma anapatsa anthu "Mtambo mu thalauza" Mayakovsky, "Doctor Zhivago" Pasternak, m'ma - katundu mwamphamvu ntchito za nkhondo Boris Vasilyev "The mabukuwa Apa Kodi Bata ..." Aleksandra Tvardovskogo "Vasily Terkin" ndi Vasil Bykov "Sotnikov" . Dawn la Soviet Union, olemba ambiri aona kunja kumene ntchito anatumizidwa. Ena mwa iwo anali Nabokov Dovlatov.

Kodi mankhwala? Mu mabuku, dziko lonse, dongosolo lonse la mgwirizano pakati pa anthu otchulidwa, interweaving maganizo awo ndi kusanthula khalidwe. Ndi yosalala mawu ndi kalembedwe bwino. Chifukwa chake yense ntchito yolenga ayenera kulankhula mosamala ndi molondola, monga wolemba amaika mu moyo izo lake lonse.