Mowa otentha Point

Pa kuthamanga yachibadwa mumlengalenga, mowa otentha kutentha kwa 78,3 ° C (kwa Mowa). Ziyenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti kutentha zonse sichitha, ngakhale pamene athandizira kutentha ikuchitika mosalekeza. Mbali imeneyi ya ndondomeko chifukwa chakuti kutembenuka kwa zinthu madzi mu nthunzi amapezeka komanso pamene kufika ena yogwira kutentha kwa chinthu chofunika - kutentha evaporation.

Ndi kukula kulemera maselo kutentha mowa kuwira ndi kuchuluka, chiŵerengero ali fomu osiyanitsidwa kwa alcohols ataima kwambiri mu mzere, kuyambira ethyl. Numerically, phindu lake ndi apamwamba kuposa yemweyo index Y ethers kapena chimasanduka kuti ali yemweyo maselo kulemera. Choncho, chitsanzo chimafika pa opangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu izi. katundu Ichi ndi chifukwa kukhalapo kwa alcohols za kucheza maselo chifukwa kukhalapo mu zikuchokera magulu hydroxyl.

Makamaka mowa otentha kutentha anatsimikiza ndi mankhwala akuphatikizapo. Pano pali malamulo konsekonse: ochuluka mowa ndi wosiyana ndi zomangamanga ndi zachikhalidwe, kotero kuwira kutentha n'chozama.

Pamene kuyerekezera mfundo zosiyanasiyana kuwira kwa alcohols ndi mfundo kuwira anachokera therefrom ethers wapezeka chapadera - alcohols adzatenga pafupifupi nthenda kukula, kwambiri kutentha.

More yovomerezeka kuwira kutentha amadalira ukulu mfundo za kulemera maselo a mowa makamaka. Mwachitsanzo, kuwira mfundo za ethyl mowa ndi 78,15 ° C ndi kulemera maselo a 46,069. e. m. Pa nthawi yomweyo, zizindikiro zofanana ndi methyl ndi ankalemekeza 64,7 ° C ndi 32,04 a. e. m. The chitsanzo ndi khalidwe la alcohols onse.

Hydrolysis mowa ambiri ikuchitika akafika kuwira mfundo, iyi ndi nthawi mwachilungamo yaitali ndondomeko, amene kumatenga pafupifupi khumi maola.

Chotero chizindikiro monga kutentha mowa kuyaka kwakukulukulu Mzimuyo m'lifupi mwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala awa makampani ndi mabanja. Komabe, pali ayenera kutengedwa ngati choyimira cha mbali ya kuyaka. zochita kuyaka anawagawira m'magulu anayi. Yoyamba zikuphatikizapo njira zonse kuyaka zimene zimachitika chifukwa lilinkudza mpweya zili mu mlengalenga yozungulira. Pamafunikanso mafuta kuyaka anachita, ndi mowa. Zimenezi zowonetseredwa ndi chilinganizo zotsatirazi: C2H5OH + 3O2 + 11,3 N2 = 2CO2 + 3H2O + 11,3N2.

Mukamakonzekera chilinganizo pamwambawa, ayenera kumvetsa kuti si anasonyeza m'njira zonse za masinthidwe mankhwala zimene zimachitika ndi zinthu nawo anachita kuyaka. Ndondomeko wapangidwa zifukwa kuti mpweya imakhala yokha ya mpweya ndi asafe walandiridwa monga ziro pamaso m'menemo mpweya inert.

Nkhani imene ife mwayi - kuwira mfundo mowa - izo zimayambitsa ntchito angapo. ntchito Izi amadziwika kuti kwambiri ngati ntchito alcohols monga zipangizo kuyaka ndi zinthu amapanga zosiyanasiyana mafuta galimoto. Chifukwa chaichi, amagwiritsidwa ntchito methanol, Mowa ndi butanol, amene amapangidwa lonse pamlingo mafakitale. Chotero mabuku kupanga chifukwa kupezeka malonda ndi mkulu conjuncture a msika Komanso yopanga zina, ntchito monga zizindikiro ndi benchmarks mlingo sayansi ya boma. Munthu m'madera sayansi ndi ulimi wa biodiesel, solvents, penti ndi mankhwala ena ambiri, amene sangathe atchule m'nkhani wina waufupi.