Njira za kufala kwa matenda a anthrax. njira zopewera

Ngakhale mkulu mlingo wa chitukuko cha mankhwala, panopa akadali WAMBIRI toyambitsa zingachititse anthu ndi nyama chitukuko cha matenda opatsirana. Ambiri a iwo ali mwangwiro amenable mankhwala, ndi ena kulimbana kwa nthawi yaitali. Tikambirana amodzi mwa matenda amenewa - mmene kukhala tizilombo ta matenda. Nthumwi causative, kufala njira, mankhwala a matenda lidzadzala kenako m'nkhani ino.

ndi matenda Kodi

Anati matenda kuyambira nthawi yakale, kwa nthawi zonse, anasintha dzina lake, koma Russia kuti walandira dzina zimene anali makamaka kufalitsidwa ku madera a Siberia. Mwamwayi, tsopano milandu matenda n'zochepa kwambiri.

Tizilombo ta matenda HIV njira ndi osiyana, koma Mulimonsemo izo si lakuthwa ndi oopsa matenda amene amayamba ndi bakiteriya Bacillus anthracis. Kukula kwa matenda sitingakane, kuyambira khungu matenda kuoneka carbuncles imene khungu mtundu kapena zizindikiro zina kulitchula.

Zimayambitsa matenda

matenda Provocateur ndi facultative anaerobic galamu HIV bakiteriya. Mu maso, izo zikuwoneka ngati ndodo ndi malekezero kukadulidwapo. M'malo mpweya akuyamba sporulate.

Pathogenicity anatsimikiza ndi kukhalapo kwa exciter ndi kaphatikizidwe kapisozi exotoxin. Poizoni kuti umabala bakiteriya angathe thupi onse anthu ndi nyama yotupa kanthu ndi khama amapha. Mmene thupi zambiri kumawonetsera:

• minofu edema;
• kuphwanya minofu kupuma;
• chopinga wa phagocyte.

mitundu Vegetative wa tizilomboto ndi osakhazikika ndithu chilengedwe, nthawi yomweyo anafa yophika kapena usavutike pa madigiri 60. Koma kutsutsana uwu sungakhoze anati kwa thupi. Iwo kusunga viability awo mu madzi ndi m'nthaka kwa zaka zingapo, ndipo ngakhale mphindi zochepa za otentha si mosatsata luso lawo kubereka.

Muchikombole spores simungakhoze basi kudikira kunja sinali bwino, komanso kukula. Njira ya kufala kwa tizilombo ta matenda angathe kukhala osiyana. Kudzera nthaka - mmodzi wa iwo. Choncho, kusamalitsa ayenera kumwedwa, makamaka m'madera amene milandu matenda olembedwa.

Magwero a matenda kwa anthu

Tizilombo ta matenda imafalikira ndi mwamuna, monga zanenedwa, m'njira zambiri, ndipo zimenezi zimakhudza mawonetseredwe ake matenda. Musanayambe nawo, tiyeni tione mmene gwero la matenda tilowe m'thupi la munthu.

Njira ya kufala kwa tizilombo ta matenda zingakhale zotsatirazi:

• funsani-banja;
• mpweya fumbi;
• chakudya.

Tiyeni tione aliyense zimenezi mwatsatanetsatane.

Kufala kwa matenda kudzera wamba,

Popeza ingested ndi matenda a "tizilombo ta matenda" tizilomboto? kufala njira ndi osiyana, koma ambiri ndi ena mwa iwo. Nthawi zambiri kachilombo:

• mu chisamaliro cha nyama odwala;
• ngati panali kukhudzana ndi secretions nyama kachilombo;
• pokhudzana ndi ubweya, nyama ndi khungu odwala ndi akuluakulu a dziko nyama;
• chifukwa cha kukhudzana ndi nyama;
• ntchito mankhwala kuchokera ku zipangizo zimene zakhudzana, monga khungu kapena tsitsi.

Pamene chipata izi kudutsa matenda ndi zotupa osiyanasiyana pa khungu. Kamodzi tizilomboto pa aloŵa mkati, pa mfundo anapanga kalabankulo ichi ndi kukutidwa ndi thovu madzi. Khungu kuti ali mozungulira, amawonjezereka - kotero zimakhudza mphamvu ya poizoni anamasulidwa ndi bakiteriya a. Akuphwanya magazi, kuchititsa edema ndi imfa ya minofu.

Tizilomboto ndipo akuyamba zikupitiriza mwa lymphatics mosavuta kudutsa mu m'magazi, ndiyeno zimakhala zina ndi ziwalo, potero kupangitsa kulephera kwawo ndi wonongeka.

Malowedwe matenda mpweya fumbi ndi

Koma matenda "tizilombo ta matenda" tizilomboto opatsirana ndi anthu, kudzera mu mpweya. Pankhaniyi, pachipata cha malowedwe matenda ndi kapepala kupuma. Vutolo pambuyo ingestion anatumiza m'mapapo. Ayamba nkhondo chitetezo cha m'thupi ndi tizilombo ta mabakiteriya, amakankhira kwa mwanabele, amene ntchito ndi kuchotsa thupi ku wothandizira yachilendo.

Koma spores bakiteriya amakhalanso tcheru ndi dongosolo lymphatic kupha maselo m'thupi, kenako momasuka kulowa m'magazi. Pali imayamba kubereka awo yogwira, kutulutsa poizoni, amene kubweretsa kuwononga katundu thupi lonse.

Kwenikweni mwa masiku 7 tizilombo ndi chulukanani kuti zotengera alibe kuima ndi kuyamba kutuluka magazi. kutaya magazi zikuoneka kuti kusokoneza ntchito kwa ziwalo zambiri zofunika kuti nthawi zambiri amapha.

Chakudya njira kachilombo

Taona njira ziwiri za kufala kwa tizilombo ta matenda, koma pali magawo atatu - chakudya. The matenda Pankhaniyi kumachitika pamene kudya nyama yowola patapita zoipa kutentha mankhwala. Pachipata cha malowedwe a tizilomboto mu nkhani iyi ndi nembanemba mucous pa mundawo m'mimba.

Pambuyo matenda amenewa nthawi zambiri amapezeka cecal chotupa. mucosa ake ali ndi zilonda, kenako amayamba kufota. spores bakiteriya ali kusamutsidwa kwa lymph mfundo, ndi kukhala bacteremia.

Pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa bakiteriya mu dongosolo lymphatic, ndi wodwalayo ascites ndi kutsekeka m'matumbo.

njira iyi matenda kumafuna zina chitukuko cha kudwala mu oropharynx, ndiye kuwonongeka Tingaone mu mawonekedwe a zilonda pakhungu pa khomo dipatimenti.

mitundu ya matenda

Momwe mwaonera, ndithu lalikulu matenda - tizilombo ta matenda. kufala njira ndi osiyana, ndipo malingana izo kukhala mitundu ina ya kudwala:

1. Cutaneous. Iye alinso mitundu:

• karbunkuleznuyu;
• edematous;
• bullous.

2. Generalizovannnaya mawonekedwe. Pankhaniyi, pali:

• mitundu m'mapapo mwanga;
• E .;
• septic.

Monga tanenera kale, kufala njira anthrax ndi kudziwa mtundu wa matenda. Aliyense kuwonetsera zizindikiro zake ndipo zotsatira, kuyang'ana pa iwo.

matenda Cutaneous Zizindikiro

Ziyenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti matenda ali yochepa makulitsidwe nthawi, izo ukhoza kwa maola angapo kapena masiku angapo. Ndipo zilibe kanthu ndi wothandizila causative wa tizilombo ta matenda, kufala njira amayambitsa. A pazipita masabata awiri, matenda ayamba kusonyeza zizindikiro zake.

Mawonekedwe cutaneous ndi ambiri. Pa khungu, kumene matenda aloŵa, aumbike mwa chitsotso cha millimeters ochepa m'mimba mwake, ofiira mtundu. Patapita kanthawi kumakhaladi mkuwa zofiira mwakwera pamwamba pa khungu. Wozunzidwayo pa nthawi ino akundizunza kuyabwa ndi pang'ono woyaka zotengeka.

Patapita maola angapo kutembenukira mu papule kuti vesicle zili serous, mmene patapita kanthawi magazi ndi wapezeka wodetsedwa. Ngati chotupa kuongola, ndi vesicle bursts ndipo pali nthenda kuti wauka m'mbali. Malinga iwo pali vesicles sekondale.

Pamafunika masabata, ndi pakati pa chilonda pamaoneka wakuda nkhanambo, pang'onopang'ono kukula kukula. Iwo apangidwa chifukwa cha minofu necrosis anayamba.

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa matenda ndi imfa ya kumverera mu matanthwe a mozungulira icho anapanga yotupa khushoni chibakuwa mtundu. Pamodzi periphery pamaoneka edema, amene makamaka kutchulidwa malo lotayirira subcutaneous minofu, monga kumaso. Mwa njira, ndi kutanthauzira kwa kudwala pa nkhope ndi zoopsa kwambiri, chifukwa kutupa zingakhudze mundawo kupuma ndi chifukwa asphyxia ndi imfa.

Pa chiyambi (kaya ndi zimene causative wothandizila wa tizilombo ta matenda, njira za kufala) zizindikiro za pathologies zotsatirazi:

1. Mkulu thupi kutentha.
2. Aakulu mutu.
3. Kuledzera.
4. Zikuoneka zopweteka thupi, makamaka m'dera lumbar.

Pa matenda akhoza kukhazikitsidwa carbuncles angapo, chiwerengero chawo ndi kukwaniritsa 10. tizilombo ta matenda (njira ya HIV si kusewera ntchito) akhoza kukhala a kusalekerera lochepa kwambiri. Ngati zilonda kuoneka pa mutu, pakhosi, pakamwa, matenda ndi zovuta kwambiri ndipo pali chiopsezo sepsis.

Koma yake chithandizo predpolagate zotsatira mu mawonekedwe cutaneous matenda ndi yabwino ndithu.

Symptomatology mawonekedwe m'mapapo mwanga

Ife anayang'ana pa njira ya kufala kwa matenda tizilombo ta matenda, kuphatikizapo fumbi airborne, zimene akufotokozera mawonekedwe matenda. Pambuyo nthawi makulitsidwe udzachitike, wina angaone zizindikiro ankaikira ndi chotupa cha dongosolo kupuma. Mu nthawi yoyamba ya matenda limasonyeza zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• mutu;
• ambiri malaise;
• madzi maso;
• ululu minofu;
• kutsokomola ndi chimfine;
• tachycardia;
• kupuma movutikira.

Nthawi mawonetseredwe a zizindikiro zoterozo kwa masiku 2, kenako matenda umalowa gawo ake chachiwiri - ayamba kuledzera amphamvu a chamoyo, chimene akuwonetseredwa ndi kuchuluka kutentha kwa madigiri 40-41. Kupweteka pachifuwa, kuzizira, chifuwa, limene inyamuka sputum wothira magazi.

Ngati dotolo amamvetsera mtima, kungakhale anamva wheezing, chigawo chachikulu cha afiira pa m'mapapo.

Mu gawo lachitatu kukhala kulephera mtima, edema m'mapapo mwanga ndi oliguria. Kutalika kwake - maola 12.

Pa fomu iyi, mukhoza kunena kuti ndi amenable mankhwala, mukayamba m'nthawi yake.

Mawonetseredwe mitundu matumbo

Izi zosiyanasiyana matenda ndi kovuta, ndipo pali chiopsezo chachikulu kuti mapeto zinalephereka. Tizilombo ta matenda, HIV njira yomwe tikambirana Pankhaniyi likulowerera mwa mundawo matumbo.

Gawo loyamba la matenda ali kutalika kakang'ono - maola 36 akusonyeza mbali zotsatirazi:

• mutu;
• chizungulire;
• pakhosi kuwawa;
• kuzizira;
• kutentha.

Pamene gawo loyamba m'malo mwa lachiwiri, ndiye akulowa ululu wina m'mimba, nseru, kusanza, wothira mwazi, kutsekula m'mimba. The ndowe komanso ndi milozo magazi.

Gawo lachitatu ndi owopsa - ndi ponso decompensation mtima. Odwala akukumana mantha, nkhawa akuwonekera. Munthu amapeza ndi bluish-pinki mtundu. Nthawi zina pakhungu anapanga hemorrhagic totupa. Mu matumbo lumen amasonkhana madzimadzi, imbaenda ndi kuwonjezeka mu pamimba.

Opatsirana ndondomeko pang'onopang'ono ndi odwala kukumana ndi kuphwanya Pomeza, magazi, kuvutika kupuma, zomwe pamapeto pake zingachititse kuti imfa.

Zizindikiro za mtundu septic

Izi mawonekedwe a matenda si monga wamba ndi khateyo monga chotsatira cha otaya katundu mitundu ina. Umayamba kwa chakuti tizilombo ta matenda Bacillus ndi poizoni ake anayamba zimafala kudzera m'magazi ndi kukhudza zimakhala zosiyana ndi ziwalo. The kungasokoneze wa tizilomboto komanso zinthu zopangidwa kagayidwe kachakudya kungachititse kuti chitukuko cha mantha opatsirana mankhwala.

Odwala ndi mawonekedwe kudwala zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• Kuwonjezera thupi kutentha kwa madigiri 41.
• Kupuma movutikira.
• Kuzizira.
• Kuchuluka mlingo kupuma.
• Pali ululu mu chifuwa.
• Kutsokomola ndi phlegm ndi magazi.
• ululu m'mimba.
• Kunyansidwa ndi kusanza magazi.
• Phula chimbudzi ndi wamagazi.

Ngati mulibe amayesetsa mwamsanga, mwina onse kutha kulira.

matenda matenda

Kuti apange matenda zolondola, m'pofunika kudutsa magawo atatu:

1. Tosaoneka bwino.
2. Kudzipatula chikhalidwe cha mabakiteriya ndi inoculation a sing'anga zatu.
3. Bioassays nyama zasayansi.

Ngati pali tizilombo ta matenda tizilomboto kufala njira kwa munthuyo kuti apezeke si zofunika. A magazi tingasonyeze:

• Kuchepetsa leukocytes.
• Kuenjezera lymphocytes.
• erythrocyte sedimentation mlingo ukuwonjezeka.

Kuti matenda molondola kusanthula zipangizo zotsatirazi:

• Magazi.
• kalabankulo okhutira ndi vesicles.
• Tengani wapadera nkhanambo.
• Pamene m'mapapo mwanga mawonekedwe sputum mwafufuza.
• Ngati pali kukayikitsa mawonekedwe matumbo, kufufuza chopondapo ndi masanzi.

Ntchito ndi serological njira yodziwira zinthu monga: anachita termopretsipitatsii wa Ascoli, fulorosenti serological kusanthula ndi ena. Odwala amene amaganiziridwa tizilombo ta matenda, kuwononga cutaneous ziwengo mayeso ndi "Antraksinom".

M'pofunika kulongosolerana polingalira chakuti tizilombo ta matenda ndi matenda oopsa ndipo opatsirana, maphunziro onse omwe amachitika Laboratories wapadera kutsekedwa.

mankhwala matenda

Ife anayang'ana pa njira ya kufala kwa kupewa anthrax ndi chithandizo tiyenera komanso kufukulidwa. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi mankhwala, zomwe zikuphatikizapo njira zotsatirazi:

1. Kulowetsedwa mankhwala. Pamene izi zimachitika njira mtsempha kulowetsedwa, amene amathandiza ndiponso wathunthu buku selo ndi okhudza maselo ambiri madzimadzi mu thupi. njira akhoza adzakhetsedwa: colloidal ( "Poliglyukin"), crystalloid (shuga njira, njira Ringer a), mankhwala magazi ( "Albumin" madzi a m'magazi)
2. Kulandira antimicrobials. Mankhwala, amene amakhudzidwa bakiteriya, nthawi zambiri mankhwala ku gulu la penicillin. Kusagwirizana "Penicillin" tisonyezeni:

• "Tetracycline".
• "Ciprofloxacin".
• "Levofloxacin".
• "Doxycycline".

• Ngati matenda akuthamanga molimbika, ndiye ntchito mankhwala. Zimenezi ndi zoona makamaka mitundu septic matendawa.

3. Kuyamba protivosibireyazvennogo immunoglobulin. Lili okonzeka zopangidwa chitetezo. Izi zachitika kuti alenge asanazolowere tizilomboto lapansi. Kutumikiridwa immunoglobulin mungathe onse zolinga achire ndi kupewa.

Tikumbukenso kuti mankhwala adzakupatsani zotsatira zabwino, ngati nthawi matenda ndi mankhwala okwanira.

kupewa matenda

Ife anayang'ana pa njira ya kufala kwa kupewa matenda a anthrax kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda. Pamafunikanso miyezo zotsatirazi:

• Katemera wa anthu amene ali chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo.
• ntchito Chowona Zanyama ayenera kumaona ziweto pamaso pa tizilomboto lapansi.
• Pogwira katemera wa nyama.
• antchito Farm ayenera kupatsidwa zozitetezera: masks, mikanjo, magolovesi.
• Kukhazikitsa mwaukhondo ndi Chowona Zanyama kulamulira mayendedwe a, yosungirako, processing mankhwala nyama.
• Pogwira maphunziro thanzi mwa anthu.

Ngati tikambirana miyezo odana ndi mliri zofunika iwo:

1. Chizindikiritso cha kachilombo mu magawo oyambirira.
2. Kulembetsa milandu onse a matenda ndi lipoti kumabungwe oyenera.
3. Kukhazikitsa zoyendera zoyendera wapadera, limene phunziro kwa disinfection.
4. Panthawi yake m'chipatala cha anthu odwala matenda.
5. Nane kuchipatala wodwalayo n'chotheka pambuyo kuchira wathunthu, pamene mayesero ndi maphunziro kutsimikizira pakalibe tizilomboto lapansi.
6. onyamula opatsirana (nyama nyama) ayenera kukhala pansi pa chiwonongeko.
7. Azindikire matenda nyama ndi kudzipatula iwo pa siteji oyambirira.
8. Mitembo ya nyama matenda asamangokhala m'manda ndi kutentha.
9. Ngati tizilombo ta matenda munthu akafa, mtembo wake atakulungidwa oilcloth, ndi pansi pa bokosi la anatsanulira zothetsa kuthimbirira.

Ngakhale kuti matenda tsopano kunadetsa yosowa milandu wake ziweto ndi zam'tchire anati nthawi, ndipo munthu aliyense ayenera kudziwa njira kufala kwa tizilombo ta matenda kupanga kwambiri kudziteteza ku matenda. Ngati muli ndi ziweto, muyenera zonse kuitana veterinarians potenga mayesero ndipo anayendera nyama. Izi ndi zofunikira chitetezo chanu.