Nkhani ya Young Kodi

Aliyense amene amaphunzira Optics yoweyula, posapita nthawi, ndithu anakumana ndi otchula zinachitikira Jung. Pankhaniyi kwenikweni anthu anatulukira lothandiza kupanga, kunaonetsa bwanji pofuna kukwaniritsa sayansi. Koma chirichonse mu dongosolo.

Ray wa kuwala mu mdima wa kukaikira

kuwala kwathu looneka - izi ndi zimene wazungulira munthu aliyense chibadwire. Ndi yosavuta ndi zovuta nthawi yomweyo. Palibe zodabwitsa mu chakuti zoyesayesa zonse zinalengedwa kuti afotokoze chomwe ndiye kuunika, ndipo kodi katundu wake ali. Mwa otsatira a zanyengo osiyana azinyadira kutsutsana kwambiri, koma palibe amene kuthetsa nkhani imeneyi. Izi zachitika patali chotero, silinakwaniritsidwe imachitika Jung zinachitikira, mokongola anatsimikizira chiphunzitso funde la kuwala.

Poyamba ankakhulupirira kuti kuwala mtsinje makamaka a particles - corpuscles. Patapita nthawi, mogwirizana ndi zimene atulukira sayansi, photons m'malo corpuscles. Fotoni - ndi tinthu ndi mlandu ziro ndi misa, komanso alipo yekha pa kuwala kumayendera. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Newton akadali chokuchitikirani chidwi kuyan'ana katundu wa kuunika: izo ili pakati gwero ndi mbale galasi ndi mandala concave. Pa nthawi yomweyo anaona osati mfundo gwero, ndi mphete (pambuyo dzina lake). Kuyambira pamenepo kuyesera Young silinakwaniritsidwe anakamba Newton analephera kuufotokoza anati kwa maganizo ndi chiphunzitso cha kuwala, wopangidwa mwa particles.

kuyesera kawiri anatumbula

Pomaliza, mu 1803 T. Jung tinaganiza kuti atsimikizire kapena kukana kungoganizira corpuscular. Wawakonzera ndipo anachita kafukufuku yosavuta amene anapanga asayansi tione moyenera zinthu zodziwika. zinachitikira Young chasonyeza kuti kuwala ndi funde mu atomu ndi makhalidwe ena.

Opaque pepala chuma watengedwa, pali awiri kufanana wabwino slits ndi m'lifupi lolingana ndi timaganiza panamveka ndi "kuphimba" kuwala. Patali ndi pepala pabwino chophimba kulipenya "khalidwe" a dziko. Pa pepala imatsogoleredwa kuwala kamwazi ku gwero mfundo. Jung anakambirana woona: ngati kuwala mtsinje wa particles pa zenera kusonyeza mizere iwiri yomweyi. Zolemba malire luminescence mwamphamvu angapite ku malo a zochitika za matabwa awiri, ndi pakati pa iwo adzakhala mdima (opaque pepala). Koma ngati chiphunzitso cha corpuscles zinali zolakwika, yoweyula kuwala kudutsa kudula, kodi zimachititsa mafunde sekondale (mfundo unakhazikitsidwa mu 1678. Huygens). Popeza sizimathandiza kupewa kufalikira, ndiye, theoretically, iwo afika pakati pa nsalu yotchinga pakati pa kafukufuku wa slits, ndi funde matalikidwe awo ndi gawo la machesi. Chifukwa cha kusokonezedwa (superposition) kuti zingathandize kuti kuwala pazipita gulu kuwala basi pakati pa zolosera aliyense kusiyana, amene anganene kuti kuwala - ndi imodzi mwa maonekedwe a chisokonezo yoweyula.

Monga tsopano amadziwika ndi kungoganizira corpuscular unagwa, ndipo malo ake anatengedwa ndi funde kufika view. Pa magulu anaona ndi osiyana luminescence mwamphamvu. The chidwi kwambiri - pakati, ndiye kuzimiririka, etc. kuchepa umuna popenyana ndi yachiwiri n'kusokoneza mafunde.

Komabe, mu nthawi yathu, pambuyo pa mndandanda wa angalongosolere zatsopano, chiphunzitso wakhala kukonzedwa. Malinga ndi iwo, amaganiza kuti kuunika chikhalidwe wopangidwa ndi kuwonekera ngati mafunde, ndipo ngati Nyerere yaing'ono. Zotsatira experimental zimadalira zisudzo awo. Atsopano kwadzidzidzi chiphunzitso cha thambo mosavuta anafotokoza kuti: zotsatira za kuzipenya analandira chimodzimodzi monga iwo akufuna kuona experimenter. Duality ndi chibadidwe osati kuwala, komanso ngati particles mwakuwoneka anaphunzira monga ma elekitironi.