Nkhondo ku North ndi South Korea: akamanena, chifukwa dongosolo. Mbiri za nkhondo ya pakati pa North Korea ndi South

Lero, pa Korea Peninsula, ili mu Asia East, pali mayiko awiri - Korea North (DPRK) ndi Republic of Korea. Kodi ndi chifukwa inakhazikitsidwa limati awa awiri? Komanso, chifukwa mayiko awiriwa kotero mwapadera Chrixitu nanga chifukwa chidani chawo? Za momwe izo zonse zinachitika kuyambira pachiyambi, ukulimbana North ndi South Korea si kugwirizanitsa maiko awa, mabuku athu.

Chiyambi cha XX atumwi. Kulanda wa Korea ndi Japan

ndi chofunikira ndi kumene nkhondo ali kunayambira ku North ndi South Korea chiyani? The yochepa kuyankha mafunso amenewa n'kovuta, chifukwa zinthu zomwe zinachititsa kuti zikamera ndi mayiko awiri awa, aukali kwa mzake, inakhazikitsidwa kuposa zaka zana zapitazo.

Ngakhale m'zaka za m'ma XIX, Korea anali boma palokha, koma anagwa mu dera la zofuna za m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, makamaka Russia, China ndi Japan. Anakumana ndi mzake pomenyera ufulu wolamulira pa Korea. otsiriza mu nkhondoyi ankaimba Chirasha Japanese Nkhondo ya 1904-1905. Chifukwa cha Japan iye potsiriza anakhazikitsa ukulu wake pa pachilumbachi. Poyamba anakhazikitsa protectorate pa Korea, ndi 1910 Japan kwathunthu m'gulu izo mmalire a boma. Choncho zinalengedwa zikhalidwe, m'tsogolo zinachititsa kuti nkhondo yomwe tikudziwa South ndi North Korea, dongosolo limene anayeza kuchokera cha m'ma XX.

Choncho, zaka 35, mpaka kugonjetsa Japan mu nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, Korea anakhalabe njuchi ake. Kumene, nthawi imeneyi, Korea anali kuyesera kuti ayambenso paokha, koma militarist Japan Ankatchera mu Mphukira zoyesayesa zimenezi.

Pa msonkhano, unachitikira ku Cairo mu 1943, inalongosola funso za chiyembekezo cha ntchito asilikali m'dera Asia-Pacific. Ndi m'madera wotanganidwa ndi Japan, anaganiza m'tsogolo kupereka ufulu wa Korea.

Kumasulidwa kwa Korea, muchigawane m'zigawo nthawi

Mu 1945, anagwirizana makamu tidakocheza pa Korea Peninsula, motero, asilikali Soviet analowa kumpoto ndi US - kumwera. M'tsogolo, chifukwa, ndi South ndi North inakhazikitsidwa Korea. Mbiri za nkhondo ya kunayamba mgwirizano pakati pa United States ndi Soviet Union anagawa dzikolo m'zigawo ziwiri aluso kugonja chisankho Japanese. Kulekana zinachitikadi pa kufanana 38, ndipo pambuyo kumasulidwa yomaliza ya Korean Peninsula kwa adani Japanese ogwirizana ayamba kupanga boma Transitional kuti popititsa kugwirizana kwa madera a kumpoto ndi kum'mwera m'chigawo yofunika motsogozedwa ndi logwirizana.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mu zone ya kum'mwera, anali kuyang'anira America ndipo unali likulu la dziko wakale Korea - mzinda wa Seoul. Komanso, kum'mwera kwa kachulukidwe chilumba anthu anali pafupifupi nthawi kuposa kumpoto, ndi N'chimodzimodzinso chuma ulimi ndi mafakitale.

The USSR ndi United States sangathe kapena sakufuna kukambirana

Zitatha izi, chinavumbula vuto latsopano - United States ndi Soviet Union sitingakhoze kugwirizana pa ndondomeko ya kugwirizana kwa dziko. Anali osiyana pa nkhani zambiri zokhudza achire wa asilikali anagwirizana ndondomeko Korea, masankho, mapangidwe boma umodzi, ndi zina zotero. D. Kuyesa kugwirizana chilichonse kutsogolera kwa zaka pafupifupi ziwiri. Makamaka, Soviet Union poyamba analimbikira pa achire ku dera la Korea, asilikali onse achilendo pambuyo zimene zikanatha wotuluka ndi mfundo otsala a ndondomekoyi. America sanagwirizane ndi maganizo izi, ndi m'chilimwe cha 1947 anamasulira funso Korea kwa Assembly General UN. Mwina akamanena za mkangano North ndi South Korea poyamba anaika mu nkhondo pakati pa mayiko awiri - US ndi USSR.

Koma monga America anasangalala thandizo ambiri a mamembala UN, funso Korea ankaona ndi wovomerezeka pa mawu bungwe la United States. Nawonso Soviet Union anatsutsa Koma kale anaganiza mu United Nations pofuna kukhazikitsa ntchito yapadera, amene ntchito inali bungwe ndi kuchititsa zisankho ku Korea. USSR ndipo akulamulira North Korea akuluakulu anakana kulola bungwe la UN kumpoto a pachilumbachi.

Chirengedwe cha mayiko awiri osiyana ndi palokha

Ngakhale mlanduwo, mu May 1948 mu gawo loyang'aniridwa ndi United States, chisankho umachitika chifukwa cha zimene anapanga Republic of Korea, kapena - mu Korea South. Kuti boma, lotsogoledwa ndi Pulezidenti Syngman Rhee, izo chimatsogoleredwa ndi dziko Western ndipo kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi United States.

Zitatha izi, mu gawo la kumpoto kwa Korea Peninsula mu August chaka chomwecho monga chisankho ikuchitikira, ndipo mu September, analengeza kukhazikitsidwa kwa DPRK, ayi - Korea North. Pankhaniyi, inakhalapo boma ovomereza-Communist, lotsogoledwa ndi Kim Il Sung. South ndi North Korea - kotero awiri limati matanthauzo palokha zinalengedwa. nkhondo ikuyamba ndi nkhondo zotsatira patapita zaka ziwiri.

Atalenga mayiko awiri amenewa United States ndi Soviet Union anayamba mupewe asilikali ake kwa malire awo. Dziwani kuti aliyense wa maboma utangoyamba poyamba akupanga amanena kuti gawo lonse la Korea ndi kunena wokha ngati boma lokhalo yovomerezeka Korea. ubwenzi kunakula, dziko anapeza mphamvu asilikali, mkangano North ndi South Korea, likukula mofulumira ndipo pang'onopang'ono ankatembenukira mphamvu ndege. Mu 1949-1950 gg. Ife zinachitika kusiyana zazing'ono pamodzi kufanana 38, ndiwo malire pakati pa mayiko anapanga kenako wadutsa mu nkhondo yeniyeni.

Chiyambi cha ku Korea

Ndi June 25, 1950 nkhondo otsika mlingo mu North ndi South Korea pang'onopang'ono kunkakhala kumenyana lolemera. zipani zosiyana mlandu wina ndi mzake za zimene zinachitika, koma lero amaganiza kuti akagwiriridwa anali Korea North. Patangotha masiku ochepa zinaonekeratu kuti North Korea asilikali ochuluka kwambiri kuposa Goliyati, chifukwa pa tsiku lachisanu la nkhondo, iye anakwanitsa kutenga Seoul. The United States yomweyo anathandiza ya South, komanso UN anapezerapo ndawala imene wodzudzulidwa Korea North chiwawa, nuyitane pa anthu m'mayiko ena amathandiza nkhondo Korea South kuti abwezeretse chitetezo m'chigawochi.

Chifukwa cha kulolerana mayunitsi American, ndipo pambuyo pawo ndi asilikali, muyanjane pansi aegis wa UN, nkhondo ku North ndi South Korea, ndi South Army anakwanitsa ali mdani zolawula. Pambuyo ndi atali-zolawula pa dera la Korea North, zomwe zinachititsa kuti mupezeke mu Chinese mayunitsi nkhondo mongodzipereka. The USSR komanso ankathandiza asilikali chifukwa Korea North, ndipo posakhalitsa zone kumenyana tsopano anasamukira ku mbali ya kum'mwera ya pachilumbachi.

Zotsatira za Nkhondo ku Korea

Pambuyo wina potsimikizira-kuukira Korea South asilikali ndi anagwirizana iye mphamvu loloseredwa UN ndi July 1951 kunali nkhondo potsiriza anasamukira ku kufanana 38. imene zaka ziwiri anapitiriza mu kugunda wotsatira. Pasanapite nthawi zinadziwika kuti mtengo kuwina aliyense wa zipani chikumenyana angakhale ochuluka kwambiri, kotero July 27 osayanjanitsika anakonza. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti asiye-moto pangano pa dzanja limodzi asilikali anasaina DPRK ndi China, pa zina - United States pansi mbendera UN. Mu nkhani iyi, United States zidakali nafe nkhondo ku Korea South.

zinthu zosiyanasiyana lipoti kanjedza yosiyana pa zomvetsa pamagulu, zimene zinachititsa kuti mkangano pakati pa North Korea ndi South, koma tikhoza kunena motsimikiza kuti zomvetsa awa anali kwambiri. Komanso, kuwononga zinthu zambiri ku mayiko onse, monga mkanganowo pafupifupi dera lonse la pachilumbachi zachitika. Nkhondo ku Korea analidi mbali ya yomwe inayamba ku pakati pa XX m'ma wa Cold nkhondo.

Relations pakati pa maiko mu theka lachiwiri la XX atumwi

Nkhondo itatha, nkhondo pa chilumba cha North ndi South Korea kunditumiza ku boma mazira. Mayiko fraternal kupitiriza amachitirana mosamala ndi kukayikirana, ndi kokha ndi maziko a ojambula kukhazikitsa pakati pa United States ndi China akweza penapake, ndi ubwenzi wa North ndi South.

Mu 1972, mawu olowa yosainidwa ndi maiko, malinga ndi zimene anayamba chigwirizano mfundo za kukambirana mtendere, kudziyimira pawokha, popanda kudalira mphamvu kunja. Komabe, anthu angapo amakhulupirira kuti n'zotheka pophatikizana wodzala limati mu chimodzi, chifukwa chifukwa cha mikangano mu North ndi South Korea anali achitsulo lagona zosagwirizana ndi zipani ndi mfundo ulamuliro. Choncho, DPRK akufuna kuti asankhe kupanga chitaganya pansi chilinganizo cha "dziko lina, mtundu umodzi -. Maboma awiri ndi kachitidwe awiri"

Mu 1990s oyambirira latsopano khama rapprochement apangidwa. Pa nkhani imeneyi, mayiko anatengera mndandanda wa mapangano atsopano, kuphatikizapo mgwirizano pa chiyanjano, Non-ofuna mgwirizano mgwirizano, komanso Chikalata cha Mgwirizano pa Denuclearization wa Korea Peninsula. Komabe, pambuyo njira mtendere wa DPRK nthawi zambiri ndithu kupeza zolinga kupeza zida za nyukiliya si nkhani kuganizira kwambiri za mabungwe, makamaka United States.

Relations pakati pa maiko awiri masiku ano

Mu June 2000, woyamba yapakati-Korean udachitikira, limene njira yotsatira unatengedwa kwa mgwirizano. Malinga ndi zotsatira zake pa June 15 Mutu wa Republic zinasaina olowa Declaration pakati pa North ndi South, amene wakhala mu nthawi kuthamanga chikalata ofunika kwambiri pa nkhani ya kucheza kuti anthu Korea akhadikhira pafupifupi theka zaka. kukwaniritsa reunification, "magulu a mtundu Korea yokha" The kulengeza analengeza cholinga cha zipani.

Mu October 2007, izo unachitikira yotsatira yapakati-Korean chokumanako, mpaka pamene kusaina zikalata latsopano, kupitiriza ndi kukhala mfundo zili Chikalata cha Mgwirizano wa 2000. Komabe, nkhondo ku North ndi South Korea kuti pa nthawi ubale m'mayiko awiriwa kukhala loopsali ndi yodziwika ndi nyengo akugunda ndi slumps.

Zodziwitsa exacerbation ubale

Zitsanzo za aggravation wa zinthu pa chilumba cha amaganizira mayeso unapangitsa Korea North mobisa nyukiliya, monga zachitika mu 2006 ndi 2009. Nthawi zonse, izi zimene DPRK chifukwa zionetsero osati kuchokera Korea South - anthu padziko lonse ankatsutsa ntchito nyukiliya, ndi Bungwe Security UN mwaubwino angapo anatengedwa kumafunika nkhani alikukonzeka pa denuclearization a pachilumbachi.

Nkhondo ku North ndi South Korea mobwerezabwereza anazitsanulira mwa kumenyana nkhondo, amene, ndithudi, kuvala anangotsala pang'ono mayiko kugwa abale ndondomeko mgwirizano. Mwachitsanzo, March 25, 2010 pafupi ndi North Korea malire mu Nyanja Yellow anali litaphulitsidwa ndi kumizidwa ndi Korea South warship, chimene chinapangitsa imfa ya oyendetsa 46. Korea South mlandu Korea North mu chiwonongeko m'chombo, koma North anakana wolakwa. Mu November chaka chomwecho panali ameja zida zinachitika pa mzere demarcation, imene zipani anasinthanitsa shelling mangawawo. Panalibe ovulala, kuphatikizapo akufa.

Koposa zonse, Korea North amakhudzidwa kwambiri pamaso US kum'mwera a pachilumbachi. US ndi Korea South, amene wakhala nthawi yaitali ogwirizana, nthawi kuchititsa Zochita asilikali poyankha izo, North mobwerezabwereza anapanga maneno mokweza, kuopseza kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi kuika kuukira chida pa US zapansi nkhondo inali kum'mwera kwa chilumbachi ndi mu Pacific Ocean, komanso kumtunda US.

zenizeni masiku ano

Mu August 2015, kamodzinso anakula mkangano North ndi South Korea. Mwachidule, ndi zida zankhondo kuwombera maganizo kuchokera kudera la Korea North. Cholinga cha kumuukira, malinga ndi lipoti ku Pyongyang, anali woyankhula imene South imachitika propaganda motsutsa North. Nayenso, mu Seoul womangidwa zimenezi n'cholinga choti asilikali awiri a Republic of Korea anali atangothamangitsidwa litaphulitsidwa ndi Bomba ankati wooka saboteurs North Korea. Pambuyo zipani anasinthanitsa atamunamizira mgwirizano, boma DPRK anaopseza nkhondo ngati pasanathe maola 48 pa Korea South akuluakulu sanabwere kulakwa kwawo lekani Korea propaganda odana North.

Utolankhani pa nkhani imeneyi yakhala ambiri kulira, ofufuza ndiponso asayansi ndale anafotokoza zambiri mfundo za Mwina kuyambira latsopano yapakati-Korean mikangano, koma pamapeto pake maphwando anatha kukambirana ndi kuthetsa zonse mwamtendere. funso ili: pakuti nthawi yaitali bwanji? Ndipo kodi gwero yotsatira ya kulimbana pakati pa North Korea ndi South, komanso zotsatira za escalation wina?

N'zokayikitsa kuti lero ife anganeneretu kuti m'tsogolo kukhazikitsa asapita la North Korea ndi South. Kodi anthu a m'mayiko amenewa kuthetsa izi tinganene kuti mkangano mkati, osanenapo ziyembekezo za kugwirizana kwa mayiko mu boma limodzi? Anthu oposa theka zana kuchokera ku Korea, anthu Korea ali unagawika mafuko awiri osiyana, omwe ndi athanzi ndipo tsopano ali ndi khalidwe komanso maganizo. Ngakhale amatha kukhululukirana wina ndi mnzake chipongwe onse, iwo sadzakhala zovuta kupeza chinenero. Komabe, ife tikukhumba iwo onse chomwecho - mtendere ndi kumvetsa.