No chiphunzitso cha nkhondo ndi malire

Nkhondo - nkhondo amene angakhalepo pakati pa anthu, pamene iwo kusankha zinthu zina mu moyo chikhalidwe kapena munthu.

Mawu "nkhondo" lachokera ku Latin, kutanthauza "kugunda". nkhondo Social - chodabwitsa chikhalidwe.

Chiphunzitso ambiri nkhondo

Salembedwa kuonetsetsa njira ziwiri tanthawuzo:

1. COMPASS kanthu panopa.

2. Iwo ankaganizira kwambiri zolinga za kanthu.

Kwa otsatira njira yoyamba zikhoza kuganiziridwa ndi R. Mack, R. Snyder, amene kupereka tanthauzo ndi yopapatiza, kuganizira nkhondo yekha mogwirizana chikhalidwe pakati pa anthu ake, amene maganizo ndi makhalidwe osiyana kwambiri. Mu chidani, mpikisano, mikangano, etc. Iwo ankawaona magwero a nkhondo.

Woimira njira yachiwiri ndi Dahrendorf, amene sanagwirizane nazo mpang'ono pomwe kuti amachita yopapatiza. Iye akukhulupirira kuti mkangano ayenera mulinso limati maganizo ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kugunda.

A chopereka kwambiri pa ganizo la nkhondo ochokera ku Karl Marx. Iye anayamba chiphunzitso cha nkhondo, komanso chitsanzo anayamba kusiyana magulu osiyana pakati pa anthu. Karl Marx ndi chimodzi mwa anthu amene anayambitsa chiphunzitso cha nkhondo.

Kuchokera ku chiphunzitso dialectical akusonyeza mfundozo zotsatirazi:

1. chuma omangidwa anagawira kwambiri, mavuto pakati pa magulu chikhalidwe.

2. The bwino atumiki akudziwa zokonda zawo, ndi kukayika kwinanso zakukwawa iwo za Kugawilidwa kwanthaka gwero.

3. Chozama kusiyana pakati pa lalikulu magulu chikhalidwe ndi kapolo, mphamvu kudzakhala nkhondo.

4. The nkhondo, m'pamenenso pali kusokonekera kwa chuma.

Pali chiphunzitso cha nkhondo Georg Simmel, malinga ndi zomwe zimayamba n'zosatheka kupewa mikangano pakati pa anthu. Ngati Marx anatenga monga maziko "ulamuliro - subordination" kuti Simmel - njira ya dissociation ndi kuyanjana, kupereka anthu njira monga limodzi. Gwero la nkhondo, iye amaitanidwa osati ndi zipolowe za zokonda, komanso chiwonetsero cha udani, alonjeza munthu poyambirira. Simmel chimasiyanitsa chikondi ndi chidani monga zinthu wamphamvu kumamukopa mkangano. mfundozo akhoza anapambulwa pa ziphunzitso zake:

1. Mmene zambiri magulu ammudzi nawo nkhondo, m'pamenenso pali nkhondo.

2. Magulu bwino m'magulumagulu okha, kutsutsana ndi pachimake.

3. Kutsutsana ndi mphamvu, ndi apamwamba a cohesion gulu lonse.

4. Nkhondo amapezeka pachimake kwambiri mu gulu mlandu nawo mmenemo, kupatula zokhazo.

5. Mavuto pachimake pamene limakhala mapeto yokha, ngati inu kupitirira zinthu payekha.

Chiphunzitso cha nkhondo Ralf Dahrendorf amasanthula atasemphana magulu ang'ono ang'ono, ndi anthu pa lalikulu, momveka kulekanitsa udindo ndi ulemu.

Abstracts Dahrendorf chiphunzitso:

1. The zambiri boma magulu gulu la akudziwa zokonda zawo, mikangano imene imabwera.

2. Kwakukulu mphoto anagawira maulamuliro, ndi akuthwa kutsutsana.

3. Ngati kuyenda pakati pa atumiki ndi kulondolera laling'ono, akuthwa mkangano;

4. The impoverishment kuchuluka kwa atumiki pofuna kukwaniritsa zolinga nkhondo.

5. Zing'onozing'ono ndi mgwirizano, ndi chidani zachiwawa.

6. The akuthwa nkhondo, kusintha zambiri adzachititsa, ndi mlingo awo adzakhala apamwamba.

Chiphunzitso cha nkhondo chikhalidwe, L. Coser ndi yaikulu kwambiri. Ndizoonekeratu kuti kusiyana chikhalidwe wokhalapo mwa anthu onse, maganizo kusakhutira mamembala a anthu, ku zolemetsa pakati pa anthu ndi magulu - onse a pamwamba, chifukwa, akupita ku nkhondo chikhalidwe. Nkhani yofanana tinganene kuti boma la maganizo pakati pa zililidi panopa anafotokoza, monga magulu ankaimira anthu kapena anthu. nkhondo Social - kulimbana mfundo udindo, chuma cha chuma ndi mphamvu, amene akutsutsa n'chongoletsa kapena kuwononga mdani.

Mu kusanthula chiphunzitso nkhondo chikhalidwe anapempha mfundo zotsatirazi:

1. Nkhondo - nkhondo osiyanasiyana ntchito ndi kuwalaka.

2. Nawo monga mtundu wapadera ya nkhondoyo akhoza limodzi ndi nkhondo, kapena mwina, koma mitundu ya kulimbana ntchito ndi malamulo.

3. Kusamvana akhoza chitani bwinobwino, ndipo angachititse Pankhondoyi.

4. Mpikisano - mtundu mtendere mpikisano.

5. Kudana monga kufunitsitsa mikangano, unsembe mkati si zopezeka.

6. Mavuto - boma la dongosolo, koma nthawi yoyamba mkangano.

Koma palibe chiphunzitso pamwamba sangatengedwe kukhala mtheradi kapena chilengedwe.