Ntchito yaikulu ya ndulu mu thupi. Kukula, kapangidwe thupi

Ngati mudzapempha munthu wamba, amene, maganizo ake, kwambiri zachilendo ndiponso zodabwitsa limba, ndulu - yankho woganiza. Anthu ambiri amene alibe poyerekezera ndi mankhwala, sangathe zomveka zimene iye akadali zofunika. Kuti kukayikira ndi kupeza ntchito ya izi, ndithudi, chiwalo chofunika, tinaganiza kutenga ulendo mwachidule mu thunthu ndi Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa wa chamoyo.

kapangidwe

Ndulu munthu - ndi thupi unpaired ongokhala zamkati unachitika zolimba kapisozi minofu connective. Ndi zipupa kapisozi kuwonjezera mozama zingwe thupi (trabecula) zomwe kulimbikitsa parenchyma zofewa. Histologically anapambulwa zigawo ziwiri kapena n'kupita kwa thupi: ofiira ndi oyera.

Thupi waukulu unyinji wa zamkati wofiira. Kuti amakhudza ntchito ya ndulu mu thupi. Ndipo kukhala enieni, ntchito kutsogolo chotero chidutswa ka thupi kuika kwambiri pa kusasitsa wa maselo a mwazi mpaka kutaya particles yachilendo.

Gawo loyera la zamkati lili mtundu chifukwa wokhutira mkulu wa lymphocytes. Kwenikweni, komanso amachititsa ntchito yaikulu ya gawo ili la parenchyma - chitetezo chokwanira okhulupirikabe.

Kumalire a ofiira ndi vuto woyera ndi m'mbali kapena m'mphepete zone, ndi udindo kwa mawerengedwe ndi kuwonongedwa kwa tizilombo zakunja thupi.

ndulu akuluakulu kufika mpaka masentimita sikisitini yaitali, asanu - mkulu ndi awiri ndi theka wandiweyani. Iwo chooneka ngati chowulungika flattened.

Location (zimachititsa chilumbachi)

Ngati ife monga mfundo Buku msana, ndulu adzakhala m'malire chinayi ku nthiti khumi. Pamwamba pa izo pali zakulera kutsogolo - zapambuyo khoma la m'mimba ndi kapamba, mbali - m'matumbo ndipo kumbuyo - kumanzere impso ndi adrenal England. Peritoneum (a woonda pepala minofu connective), ndulu zophimbidwa, koma m'malo mwa zipangizo kulowa ndi exiting thupi (chipata dera), ngati gawo laling'ono amasulidwa peritoneum lapansi.

kotunga magazi ndi innervation

ndulu dongosolo adzakhala chosakwanira popanda kutchulidwa kwa ziwalo zofunika anatomical monga mitsempha ndi mitsempha kuti kuyamwitsa thupi. The zotumphukira mantha dongosolo zikufotokozedwa mu gawo limeneli la nthambi za mitsempha vagus (mbali vegetative) - ndi udindo ntchito za ntchito za thupi, ndi ulusi anakafika ku splenic plexus (wachifundo gawo) kuti zimafalitsa ululu, proprioceptive ndi nyemba zina.

Perfused anthu ndulu mitsempha anakafika ku msempha m'mimba. Nawonso, anawagawa nthambi splenic, ndipo iwo - pa mitsempha segmental. Ndiye pali zina nthambi msinkhu ndi trabecular mapangidwe mitsempha yaing'ono zamkati.

Kuyambira akadzabweranso ndulu magazi m'mitsempha zipata. Iwo chikugwirizana mwachindunji ku chipata cha chiwindi.

embryogenesis

Pa wachinayi kapena wachisanu sabata pambuyo mimba, pamene Ndisanaumbidwe ndi chubu elongated ndi ongokhala mapepala angapo minofu, pali tsamba nyongolosi ndulu. Koma pofika sabata ya intrauterine moyo thupi yoopsa khumi umakhala molowera, pali njira ya maselo kudzikundikira tsogolo la minofu lymphoid.

Miyeso ya ndulu, komanso ngati ntchito yake atabadwa zosiyanasiyana pa nthawi. Only akafike unyamata iye sformirovyvaetsya komaliza.

ntchito

Sitingathe kunena kuti aliyense wa ife kuganizira za funso lakuti: "Kodi ntchito ya ndulu m'thupi?" Ndipo ngakhale maganizo amenewa, ndipo zinafika povuta, kufotokoza za ntchito ya ziwalo munthu amene sadziwa zenizeni, zovuta.

Choyamba ndi gwero la maselo oyera. Ndi apa kuti iwo ndi magawo zosiyanasiyana, okhwima ndi kupita m'magazi. Ntchito yachiwiri ya ndulu mu thupi - m'thupi. Iwo apanga oteteza ku wothandizira aliyense mlendo kugwera magazi. Chachitatu, gawo n'kofunika ya thupi ndi kuwonongedwa kwa maselo akale magazi ndipo, ayi, mapangidwe ya ndulu. Komanso Mbali imeneyi ya ndulu mu thupi ndi mbali ya kagayidwe chitsulo ndi kaphatikizidwe.

Dziwani udindo ankaimba ndi thupi mu ndondomeko ya kusokonekera kwa magazi. Pafupifupi theka la maselo othandiza magazi kuundana onse (mbale magazi) zasungidwa mu ndulu poti ayenera thupi. Wina ntchito ya ndulu kwa nthawi akalandire chithandizo kukula kwa mwanayo. Pamene m'mafupa sichinayambe anapanga, chifukwa iye kupyolera ziwiya Ndisanaumbidwe kusunthira maselo ofiira ndi maselo oyera.

ndulu ntchito mu thupi akhala chinsinsi kwa madokotala amakono. Ena a iwo akhoza kuphunzira, koma zambiri akhala chinsinsi. sayansi Official alibe mayankho okhazikika.

matenda a ndulu

Oddly zokwanira, pamodzi ndi chinsinsi thupi limene anali akadali pa chiopsezo zosiyanasiyana njira pathological. Monga ulamuliro, izi matenda sekondale chifukwa cha matenda alipo, monga kuphwanya hematopoiesis, yankho m'thupi, chotupa. The chotupa chachikulu ndulu - ndi chodabwitsa yosowa kwambiri.

amtima

Ntchito yaikulu ya ndulu mu thupi - magazi kupanga, kotero parenchyma yake chinamulowerera ndi nambala yaikulu ziwiya. Mfundo imeneyi, mu bwinobwino zinthu, ubwino thupi, ingakhalenso chifukwa cha matenda. Ngati chifukwa chilichonse, mbali ya ndulu anali opanda chakudya magazi kusiyana ndi vuto la mtima. Ischemia kakang'ono m'dera zingachititse zomverera omangika, koma ngati mbali yaikulu ya thupi bwanji, munthuyo amamva kupweteka kulongolola. Mwina limatulutsa kumbuyo m'munsi ndipo ukuwonjezeka ndi kudzoza.

miyendo volvulus

Monga ziwalo zina parenchymal, ndulu ali ndi mwendo wopangidwa mwa mitsempha, mitsempha ndi mitsempha ya ziwiri. Iwo kukhala chakudya chokwanira ndiponso kupereka kugwira ntchito. Nthawi zina zoopsa kapena mwadzidzidzi kuwonda, pali miyendo torsion. akayakaya Mavutowa. Chifukwa chosowa kotunga magazi angayambe necrosis ndi kuvunda minofu umabala poizoni poizoni m'thupi la munthu. Ululu pamene ngati boma ndi amphamvu, mpeni ngati, mpaka anakomoka.

abscess

Iwo delimited kwa otsala a minofu kutupa cholinga mu ziwalo parenchymal. Vutolo limachitika ku matenda yaikulu kapena sekondale bakiteriya. Poyamba mwina kuonekera mwa njira iliyonse, koma pa nthawi kuchuluka kwa poizoni kuti kudziunjikira mu thupi, kungathandize kuti apange malungo, nseru, kusanza. Ndipo pamene ululu akuwonekera. Ndi kuyambira kumanzere costal malire pa mbali yomweyo ya chifuwa ndi phewa. Kudziwa malo ndondomeko pathological ndi kudzera ultrasound ndi X-ray.

kusiyana

Pali mitundu iwiri ya utaphulika ndulu: capsular ndi subcapsular. Woyamba tingaone msanga ululu chizindikiro, ndipo maonekedwe ankaikira mtima wa munthu, komanso zinthu zoipa. Kawirikawiri ndi ngozi, nkhondo kapena kugwa kuchokera kumwamba ndi. Subcapsular chotupa si nthawi yomweyo noticeable ndi kutitengera mphamvu ya chitukuko onyenga. Ngati kusiyana ndi ang'ono, ndi magazi m'thupi mwamsanga anasiya, ndi chithandizo munthu safunika. Chigawo chimenechi cha ndulu adzakhala m'malo ndi minofu connective. Koma mu nkhani ya yaitali katundu magazi madzimadzi Adzadzipezera pansi kapisozi pa, kutambasula, ndipo n'kogwiritsa chophukacho wa minofu connective. magazi kachilombo umalowa mu zonse m'mimba, kuchititsa peritonitis ndi magazi kwapakati pa-m'mimba. kupwetekako kwambiri, lakuthwa, kumanzere kwa pamimba, anakafika ku tsamba mapewa.

chotupa

Nthawi zambiri anthu akudandaula za zonse kulongolola kuzimiririka ululu anachoka nusu chapamwamba. Zikhoza kufalitsa kwa m'mimba, kubweretsa kusapeza pamene mukudya. A totupa kugwirizana ndi kuyabwa m'dera ziyerekezo a ndulu, alimbikitseni kuti anthu kupita kwa dokotala. Chotupa - ndi matenda, anapeza, wapezeka ndi ultrasound mosamala zonse m'mimba.

neoplasms

chosaopsa

yosowa kwambiri kwa ndulu ya. Zimenezi zingakhale hemangioma, lymphoma, endotelioma kapena fibroma. Ululu chifukwa, ntchito ya thupi akhudzidwa. Koma ngati pazifukwa zina chosaopsa chotupa kuchuluka kukula moti pachiyambi mpaka kutambasula kapisozi, zingaoneke kuzimiririka kulimbikira ululu, monga chotupa cha. Pankhaniyi bwino amachita nkhani ntchito, popanda kuyembekezera limba chophukacho.

zilonda

Iwo akhoza kukhala yaikulu, pamene chotupa ndi ili mwachindunji mu ndulu, ndi sekondale, metastatic chikhalidwe. Makamaka kupanga ulamuliro wa sarcoma. Olemera kotunga magazi ndulu zomwe ndi gawo lapansi kwambiri. ululu zisadzachitike kwa zaka zambiri, kufikira chotupa chikamakula, koma akafika kukula yovuta, ndi kuwonongeka lakuthwa mu udindo thanzi ayenera kutsogolera munthu kukhulupirira za khansa. Kuwonjezera pa zomverera wovuta udzakhalabe ananena kuwonda, kusowa chilakolako chakudya, kunyansidwa.

splenomegaly

Izi kuwonjezeka kukula ndulu chifukwa cha yankho compensatory ku matenda zokhudza zonse yotupa kapena autoimmune, komanso kugonjetsa hematopoiesis. More kwambiri kwa ana a sukulu ndi zaka sukulu oyambirira. Akuluakulu, chikhalidwe ichi ndi zolemba yosowa kwambiri. ululu adzakhala kukoka chikhalidwe okhazikika, koma pambuyo kuchotsa chifukwa cha zonse adzabwerera mwakale.

Mwina aliyense amadziwa lero, thupi lotani - ndulu, kumene ndi mmene zimapweteka. Koma ntchito chigawo ambiri ogwira ntchito kapena katswiri zambiri ndi bwino anasonkhana mbiri, kudziwa kuwonongeka, mosasamala kanthu za nzeru wodwalayo wa thunthu la munthu. matenda izi limba nthawi zambiri ananamizira ngati m'mimba, mtima, kupweteka kwa minofu, zikhale zovuta oterewa.

Kapangidwe ka ndulu walola kuti akhale wokhometsa anatumikira maselo magazi awo ndipo nthawi yomweyo chopunthira mayunitsi cha m'thupi. Ndi wapadera mtundu maluso ake kuti sangathe zoperewerazo palibe bungwe ena. ndulu udindo wa anthu wamba kawirikawiri saganizira, koma ngati kusanthula mozama, n'zotheka kudabwa momwe zimadalira moyo wake. Kusamalira thanzi lanu! Ndi bwino kukhala moyo ndipo sakudziwa chimene ululu kumanzere nusu chapamwamba.

Kodi ndulu? Kodi ndi mmene zimawawa? Mafunso otereŵa amafunsidwa ndi anthu osangalala, thupi zomwe akuthamanga ngati clockwork.