Nyanja yaying'ono kwambiri padziko lapansi: malo, malo

Kodi nyanja yaying'ono kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi iti? Yankho la funso ili lingapezeke m'nkhaniyi. Kuphatikiza apo, imanena za komwe kuli, gawo lake, lomwe limakhalamo, ndi mfundo zochititsa chidwi zotani zomwe zikukhudzana ndi izo.

Nyanja

Mbali ziwiri mwa magawo atatu pa dziko lapansili zimakhala ndi malo a madzi. Malo ake onse ndi pafupifupi 370 miliyoni km ² . Masiku ano, dera lanu likusiyanitsa nyanja zisanu zapadziko lonse:

1. Modzichepetsa;
2. Chiyankhulo;
3. Kum'mwera;
4. Atlantic;
5. Arctic.

Chigawo ichi chinayambitsidwa ndi International Hydrographic Organisation mu 2000, pamene World Ocean inagawidwa mwa magawo asanu a pamwambawa.

Mzere wolekanitsa chitsime chachikulu kuchokera kwa wina ndizofunikira. Madzi amatha kuyenda momasuka kuchokera ku nyanja imodzi kupita kumalo ena. M'mphepete mwawo pali kusiyana kwa nyengo, zizindikiro za mafunde ndi zochitika zina.

Tiyeni tiwone chomwe chiri nyanja yaying'ono kwambiri padziko lapansi, chomwe chiri chokondweretsa kwa, yemwe amakhala. Yankho la mafunso ovutawa limaperekedwa ndi sayansi ya zinyanja.

Arctic

Nyanja yaying'ono kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi Arctic. Dothi lotentha la Arctic limaphatikizapo mbali yaikulu ya gawo lake chaka chonse.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba nyanja inkawonekera pa mapu a Germany m'zaka za zana la sevente. Poyamba ankatchedwa Hyperborean. Kawirikawiri, chifukwa cha mbiri ya kukhalako kunali maina ambiri, ambiri mwa iwo anali ndi malo ake.

Dzina lamakono pambuyo pa nyanja linakhazikitsidwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la khumi ndi anayi, pambuyo pa maphunziro a woyendetsa ndege Admiral F.P. Litke.

Ndi ozizira kwambiri m'nyanja zonse padziko lapansi, m'mphepete mwa madzi a Pacific ndi Atlantic. Kuzama kwake kumakhala kuchokera mamita 350 mpaka 5,527 km, pafupifupi - mamita 1200, madzi okwanira - 18 miliyoni km ³ . Madzi a m'nyanjayi ndi amitundu ambiri: kutentha ndi dera la salinity. Kawirikawiri pali mirages, yomwe imapangidwa chifukwa cha kugunda kwa madzi ozizira ndi ozizira.

Madzi a m'nyanja ya Arctic akuphatikizapo nyanja khumi ndi ziwiri. Wotchuka kwambiri mwa iwo ndi: White, Chukchi, Laptev, Barents, ndi zina zotero.

Kumalo komwe kuli

Nyanja ya Arctic ndi nyanja yaying'ono kwambiri padziko lapansi. Dzina limatsimikiziridwa ndi malo ake. Malo ake akuphatikizapo North Pole, komanso magulu ambiri a Arctic ndi subarctic padziko lonse lapansi. Mphepete mwa makontinenti awiri akuluakulu amatsukidwa ndi madzi ake.

Kutentha kwakukulu kwambiri, kufalikira kwa mphepo yozizira ya Arctic, mausiku otalika kwambiri, motero, kusowa kwa kutentha kwa dzuwa ndi kuwala, mpweya wochepa kwambiri - zonsezi zimapangitsa nyengo kukhala yovuta kwambiri. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, nyanja yaying'ono kwambiri padziko lonse chifukwa cha kusowa kutentha ndi yaikulu kwambiri ndi ayezi.

Mipata iyi imakhala ikuyenda nthawi zonse, choncho zimakhala zowawa zambiri.

Miyeso

Nyanja ya Arctic ndi nyanja yaing'ono kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Amakhala ndi 3.5% ya madzi padziko lapansi. Kawirikawiri, iyi ndi pafupifupi 15 miliyoni km ² . Poyerekeza ndi nyanja ya Pacific, yomwe ndi yaikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi, ndiye kuti Arctic Ocean ndi gawo limodzi la magawo khumi.

Pafupi theka la deralo ndilokhala ndi alumali. Kuya kwake ndi kochepa, pafupi mamita 350.

Pakatikatikati muli mbali zambiri zakuya mpaka mamita 5000. Amagawanikana ndi matabwa a transoceanic (Haeckel, Mendelev, Lomonosov).

Anthu

Malo ambiri m'madzi a Arctic Ocean amakhala ndi chipale chofewa pafupifupi chaka chonse, kotero sichikopa chidwi cha asodzi ndi asodzi. A pang'ono apa ndi marine moyo ndi zomera. Ngakhale kulibe nthumwi ndi mafanizidwe a nyengo yozizira.

Kumalo kumene madzi amakhala osasunthika kwambiri, amakhala ndi zisindikizo, matabwa, zimbalangondo, zimbalangondo, nsomba zazing'ono ndi nsomba.

Kwa zinyama za m'nyanja ya Arctic, monga, ndithudi, ku madera onse akumpoto, zodziwika bwino ndizosawoneka. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi gigantism. Izi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kukhalapo kuno mchere waukulu kwambiri wa mchere, jellyfish, akalulu oyenda panyanja.

Chinanso chimakhala nthawi yaitali. Chinsinsi chake ndi chakuti pamadzi otentha zonse zamoyo zimachepetsa.

Nsombazi zimakhala zaka makumi awiri mphambu zisanu, ndipo mu Black Sea - zisanu ndi chimodzi zokha; Cod imapulumuka mpaka zaka makumi awiri, ndipo halibutso kwa zaka makumi atatu kapena makumi anayi.

Zosangalatsa

1. Nyanja yaying'ono kwambiri padziko lapansi ili pamtunda wachiwiri pambuyo pa chiwerengero cha zizilumba zomwe zili m'deralo.
2. Malo ake amadzi akuphatikizapo chilumba chachikulu padziko lonse lapansi (Greenland) ndi malo akuluakulu (Canadian Arctic).
3. Nyanja zambiri zimakhala pansi pa ayezi chaka chonse.
4. Ena mwa anthuwa anapezedwa nsomba yaikulu kwambiri. Inkatchedwa cyanium, ili pafupi mamita awiri kudutsa ndipo kutalika kwa mahema ndi mamita makumi awiri.
5. Palinso kangaude ya m'nyanja yokhala ndi miyendo ya masentimita makumi atatu.
6. Pamphepete mwa nyanja yaing'ono kwambiri mukhoza kuona nyama yodabwitsa - ng'ombe ya musk.
7. Chifukwa cha kutenthedwa kwa nyengo, dera ndi makulidwe a ayezi zimachepetsedwa kwambiri. Izi zimakula kukhala vuto lalikulu la chilengedwe: madzi ochokera ku madzi otentha omwe amatha kusungunuka adzafika ku Nyanja ya World, ndipo msinkhu wake udzawuka. Ngati tiganiza kuti glaciers yonse idzasungunuka, mlingowu udzakwera mamita asanu ndi limodzi.
8. Oyenda amalankhula za phokoso la m'nyanja, kufalikira kwa makilomita makumi asanu.
9. Chodabwitsa cha fata morgan, chokhazikitsidwa kuchokera motsatizana mirages, chomwe chimadziwika ndi Arctic, kamodzi kamodzi komwe anthu osokonezeka akuyenda. Chodabwitsa ichi chikusintha kwambiri malowa, chikuwonetsa zenizeni mu mawonekedwe osokonezeka kwambiri.