Oimira ufumu chomera: ndi zitsanzo mbali structural

Nkhaniyi iyankha oimira ufumu mbewu. Zitsanzo (kalasi 3 ikufotokoza nkhani imeneyi mu njira ya dziko), zamoyo izi wamba amadziwika onse kuyambira ali mwana. Komabe, si onse akukumbukira gulu m'malo ovuta a mamembala a mgwirizanowu mwadongosolo.

Oimira ufumu chomera: ndi zitsanzo mbali structural

Zomera ndi zingapo zochititsa chosiyana. Choyamba awa ndi mtundu Pitino. zamoyo zonse chomera ndi autotrophs. Iwo amatha lithe shuga ndi mpweya paokha. Kumeneku amati photosynthesis. Kumachitika mkati pamwamba pa nyumba selo okhazikika otchedwa chloroplasts.

Komabe, magulu osiyana taxonomic wa zamoyo amasiyana kwambiri. Zitsanzo oimira a maufumu a zomera, nyama, bowa, mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo tina kachiwiri akutitsimikizira izi. Tiyeni tione chitsanzo cha magulu taxonomic mitundu.

Chlamydomonas ndi kelp

Awa ndi oimira ankaikira ufumu mbewu. Zitsanzo za izi akhoza wodzilemekeza ndi Chlorella, Spirogyra, ulothrix, Ulvi. Onsewo ali mamembala a algae lapansi. Izi ndi zomera yoyamba imene muli wosazindikira ndithu dongosolo. Iwo amakhala ndi zamoyo limodzi, multicellular ndi atsamunda. algae thupi wotchedwa Thallus. Amakhala ndi maselo munthu, zimene sizinalembedwa ophatikizana nsalu ndi. Ntchito muzu imagwiridwa ndi maphunziro apadera, wotchedwa rhizoids. zomera zimenezi zimatchedwa otsika.

Ndere ndi Mumapezekanso

Gulu la oimira mkulu kupitiriza kuyan'ana zomera. Zitsanzo za izi, kupatula ndere ndi Mumapezekanso - ndi horsetails ndi club ndere. Iwo ali kale zomera apamwamba, thupi la chomwe zimakhala izi ndi ziwalo. Mu mkombero moyo wa zamoyo izi zikachitika M'BADWO kusintha - kugonana ndi asexual.

Taganizirani ndondomeko imeneyi ndi chitsanzo cha Moss, mmodzi wa ambiri amene ali Kukushkin fulakesi. Mu mkombero moyo wake chimaposa gametophyte. Ndi zomera zobiriwira ndi rhizoids listostebeslnoe. zawo amaoneka ngati pamphasa wobiriwira. Ndi chitukuko cha izo anapanga maselo nyongolosi. Iwo kuphatikiza, ndi chifukwa pa gametophyte anapanga asexual m'badwo Moss. Iye ali ngati mabokosi pa phesi woonda. M'menemo muli maganizo. Iwo asexual maselo kubalana. Kamodzi m'nthaka, iwo kumera, kamodzinso n'kupanga pamphasa msipu gametophyte lapansi.

Otsala a mbewu apamwamba spore mu mkombero moyo chimaposa sporophyte. Anatomically, si kugwirizana ndi m'badwo kugonana ndipo anayamba payokha.

Spruce ndi paini

Ndipo ndizo zonse oimira odziwika bwino wa ufumu mbewu. Zitsanzo (kalasi 3 maphunziro songs, nkhani ndi mikuluwiko za iwo) gymnosperms nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu ntchito zosiyanasiyana zolembalemba, odziwika kwambiri kwa onse kuyambira ali mwana.

Spruce ndi paini ndi oimira ambiri ankaikira mgwirizanowu mwadongosolo. mndandanda akupitiriza Oil, Tusi, cycads, yew, mlombwa, paini. Iwo ali onse Gymnosperms dipatimenti. zizindikiro zawo wamba pakalibe maluwa, motero zipatso. Mbewu za zomera kukhala pa anabala phirilo mamba lotseguka. Choncho iwo amatchedwa umodzi mwadongosolo. Ambiri mwa iwo ndi masamba woonda, wotchedwa singano. Iwo sanagwe pa nyengo yozizira, chifukwa stomata awo m'nyengo yozizira munasindikizidwa ndi utomoni, amene kumathandiza madzi evaporation ndondomeko. Yekha ndi larch, lomwe nthawi zimasintha ake "wobiriwira kavalidwe".

Gymnosperms ndipo anapereka masamba waukulu Mmera wonse, umene kufika kutalika mamita 2. Izi Welwitschia chodabwitsa, wophuka m'chipululu African. Ndipo thunthu zomera wabisika pansi, koma padziko pali mapepala awiri okha lalikulu.

Apple Tree ndi tirigu

Ndipo apa ndi oimira ambiri a ufumu mbewu. Zitsanzo zake ndi osatha. Apulo, maula, tsabola, mbatata, nightshade, rye, tirigu, anauka, chamomile ... Total Pokrytosemennye dipatimenti ali oposa 250,000 mitundu. Udindo lalikulu akwaniritsa chifukwa cha maluwa ndi zipatso. mbewu kukhala otsiriza. Ndi chipatso cha iwo chitetezo chodalirika ndi kuzizira, kuwononga makina, gwero la madzi ndi zakudya.

Angiosperms dipatimenti zikuphatikizapo 2 makalasi: wina ndi dicotyledonous. Zoyambazo ndi Muzu osakwatira Ndisanaumbidwe mbewu, fibrous mizu, yosavuta liniya masamba. Mu dicots Ndisanaumbidwe mu mbewu ndi cotyledons awiri, kachitidwe kawo muzu uli pachimake, ndi tsinde cambium akufotokozera.

M'nkhaniyi, ife anayang'ana pa zitsanzo za oimira ufumu mbewu. magulu zofunika asapatsiridwe (algae) ndi apamwamba, kumene kungakhale spore ndi mbewu.