Tanthauzo zamoyo mitosis

Tanthauzo zamoyo mitosis ndi mkulu. Neposveschennomu ngakhale kovuta kulingalira cha ntchito mu moyo wa njira zophweka kuimira yochepetsetsa ya thupi. Luso maselo kugawana - izi ndi wofunika kwambiri ntchito zawo, chachikulu. Popanda ichi sikutheka kupitiriza moyo Padziko Lapansi, kuwonjezera chiwerengero cha zamoyo zokhala ndi selo imodzi sangakhoze kukhala nawo, anapitiriza kuli lalikulu multicellular chamoyo, sikutheka kuti kubereka kudzera chitukuko cha moyo watsopano ndi dzira.

Tanthauzo zamoyo mitosis adzakhala kuli ngati magawano selo sanali akamanena ambiri zikuchitika padzikoli njira yathu kwachilengedwenso. ndondomeko izi zikuchitika mu magawo angapo. Aliyense wa iwo kumaphatikizapo kuchita angapo mwa selo. Chifukwa cha ichi ndi kuvomerezedwa chulutsa maziko majini a selo limodzi lokha theka ndi anawaonjezera kuwirikiza kawiri DNA kenako anabereka selo kholo mwana wamkazi awiri.

Moyo wonse wa khungu Ndizachidziwikire mu nthawi kuchokera mapangidwe logwirizira magawano ake wotsatira m'magulu awiri. Nthawiyi ndi mu zamoyo lotchedwa "selo mkombero".

Gawo loyambirira la mitosis - yokonzekera koyenera kuti magawano selo. Nthawi imene maselo amanenedwa maso kuchita kukonzekera mwachindunji kwa magawano, wotchedwa interphase. Zimachitika zofunika zonse - ndizo anawaonjezera kuwirikiza kawiri pa chingwe ya DNA ndi nyumba zina, komanso kaphatikizidwe ndalama zambiri zomanga thupi. Choncho, DNA selo kawiri, ndi theka lililonse la khromozomu awiri limatchedwa "chromatid".

Pambuyo interphase akuyamba mwachindunji ndondomeko ya kugawikana - mitosis. Iyenso, chikuchitika mu magawo angapo. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, onse a kawiri anatambasula symmetrically mu khola, kotero kuti pambuyo pa mapangidwe ndi kugawa chapakati mukachipinda latsopano anapanga nambalayi zigawo zikuluzikulu otsala.

Magawo mitosis ndi meiosis ofanana, koma yotsirizira (by kugawa maselo nyongolosi) ali m'magulu awiri, ndipo pamapeto likukhalira awiri, koma kletki anayi "mwana." Komanso, pamaso wachiwiri magawano olumikizidwa ku makina khromozomu anawaonjezera kuwirikiza kawiri, kotero zawo theka amakhalabe maselo mwana wamkazi.

1. Prophase. Mu gawo ili, maselo centrioles akalipo kwambiri. Iwo alipo yekha mu khungu la nyama ndi anthu. zomera alibe centrioles.
2. prometaphase. Pa nthawi iyi itha prophase ndi metaphase akuyamba.
3. Metaphase. Pa nthawi imeneyi, DNA kugona pa "equator" selo.
4. Anaphase. DNA achoke kwa mizati osiyana.
5. Telophase. Khungu limodzi ndi "mayi" akufufuta mapangidwe kugawa chapakati mu kletki awiri "mwana." Choncho anamaliza magawano khungu kapena mitosis.

Zofunika kwambiri kwachilengedwenso kufunika kwa mitosis - ziri chimodzimodzi gulu lomwelo la DNA lingafanane mu 2 mbali ofanana ndi kuika iwo mu awiri kletki "mwana." Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo maselo a zamoyo zosiyanasiyana ndi nthawi kuyambira nthawi magawano - mitosis, koma pa avareji pamatenga pafupifupi imodzi ndi theka maola. Pali zinthu zambiri zimene zimakhudza izi ndondomeko osalimba kwambiri. Aliyense kusintha kwa zinthu zachilengedwe, mwachitsanzo, yozungulira kutentha, kuwala gawo mode, kuthamanga mu chilengedwe ndi mu chamoyo ndi maselo komanso zinthu zina zambiri mwina kwambiri bwanji onse nthawi ndi khalidwe la ndondomeko ya kugawikana selo. Komanso, nthawi ya mitosis ndi magawo ake onse angathe kukhala mwachindunji amadalira mtundu minofu, maselo amene anatentha.

Tanthauzo zamoyo mitosis ndi sititha m'munda wa cytology amakhala ofunika kwambiri, chifukwa popanda ndondomeko ili singakhale ndi moyo pa dziko.