"Pali munthu - pali vuto, palibe munthu - palibe vuto" ... Ndani adanena tanthawuzo la mawu

Mawu a mapiko, mawu osasunthika, amatembenuza mawu - zonsezi zimapezeka m'moyo wathu kulikonse. Iwo ali odzaza mawu, iwo ali odzaza mafilimu ndi wailesi, televizioni, ndi mabuku.

Zidzakhala zosangalatsa kumvetsetsa amene anati: "Palibe munthu - palibe vuto". Mawu awa nthawi zambiri amalowetsa m'kamwa mwaufulu, amphamvu a zochitika zambiri zolakwira za kanema wina wotchuka wa kanema.

Kuulula

Tikachita kafukufuku wochepa pakati pa anthu owerengeka a dziko lathu, ambiri adzayankha kuti mapiko oyambirirawo adatulukira kuchokera mkamwa mwa "Mtsogoleri wa Anthu" - Comrade Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (Dzhugashvili). Kuchokera ku mbiri ya Dziko la Soviets pali zodziwika kuti munthu uyu anali wankhanza umunthu wokhoza kutenga miyeso yotsutsana ndi "adani a anthu".

Anali ndani, "adani a anthu" omwewo? Malingana ndi olemba mbiri, mtsogoleriyo nthawi zambiri amawatsutsa anthu amwano ndi zoperekera. Mtundu uwu wosadzidalira wokha uli wochititsa mantha. Mwinamwake, mwamunayu anali atayambitsa kuzunzidwa mania - chimodzi mwa mavuto a maganizo. Anzakewo adanena kuti mtsogoleri wa dzikoli adawoneka movutikira, ananyengerera mphamvu zake, anali akukayikira ndikusunga gulu lake mwamantha.

Koma pokhala ndi "mphamvu", Stalin akhoza kugula ntchito iliyonse, powalimbikitsa kuti apite patsogolo pazandale. Kupeza funso la yemwe anati: "Palibe munthu - palibe vuto", ndizotheka kuganiza kuti mawuwa ndi a Joseph Stalin.

Tanthauzo la mawu

Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa tanthawuzo la mawu olimbikitsa ngati amenewa, momwe munthu anganene zinthu zotere.

Inde, m'masiku amenewo, imfa inathetsa mavuto onse: palibe munthu - palibe mavuto. Nkhuni yakuda pakhomo la zaka zoponderezana inachititsa mantha pakati pa anthu. Kugwidwa, kumisasa, "adani a anthu" - zizindikiro zamdima za 30s ndi 40 za USSR. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale amachititsa magawo a kuponderezedwa "mafunde." Kumangidwa kumeneku kunachitika ngati kuti ndi zamatsenga, zamatsenga zamatsenga.

Stalin anawona adani kulikonse: msilikali (akuluakulu apamwamba adaphedwa), mu mankhwala (otchuka "madokotala"). Komanso, pakati pa anthu wamba - ogwira ntchito, olima ndi anzeru - panali "olakwira ku ulamuliro wa Soviet Union". Kwenikweni, kuchotsa anthu, "mtsogoleri wa anthu" adathetsa mavuto, monga iye mwini adaganizira.

Kuwombera ndi kumisasa kunafalikira kwambiri moti palibe amene anadabwa. Ndipo ndondomeko ya ndende imangodabwitsa - pafupifupi zaka 25. Panalibe funso la ufulu uliwonse wa kulankhula. Koma chinthu choipitsitsa chimene chinalimbikitsidwa monga chidziwitso cha chikhalidwe: chidzudzulo ndi miseche. Mnzanga amatha kulemba chidzudzulo kwa mnzako, mnzako kwa mnzako. Panalibe kusakhulupirika ndi kukayikira. Ndizodabwitsa kuti muzochitika zowopsya, anthu amatha kukhala ndi moyo, chikondi, kumanga mabanja ndi kulera ana.

Ndiye ndani amene ananena izi?

Zonsezi zikutanthauza kuti Comrade Dzhugashvili ndi woopsa, wosokoneza, osati munthu wokwanira, mwachifuniro cha chiwonongeko choyikidwa pa malo a mtsogoleri. Mfundo yakuti Joseph Stalin kwenikweni anawononga anthu ake, akunena za mwayi waukulu wa kulemba kwake mapiko.

Kotero ndani anati: "Palibe munthu-palibe vuto"? Tiyeni tikhale owona mtima, "mtsogoleri wa amitundu" angakhoze kunena izo, zinali mwa njira yake. Mofanana ndi wina aliyense, angayesere kunena mawu otere popanda chilango, malinga ndi zochitika zakale. Chimene sichiri chowona, chifukwa palibe amene angatsimikizire izo.

Asodzi. Ana a Arbat

Ziribe kanthu "Comrade Stalin" wankhanza, panthaŵi imodzimodziyo anali wochenjera ndi wochenjera monga wandale. Iye sankaganiza kuti izo ndi zolondola kulengeza zolinga zake zamagazi poyera. Komabe pali njira yothetsera vamboli, omwe akuti "Pali munthu - pali vuto, palibe munthu - palibe vuto".

Wolemba wotchuka wa Soviet Anatoly Rybakov analenga buku lakuti "Children of the Arbat", lomwe linafalitsidwa mu 1987. Kuchokera ku "dzanja lamanja" la wolemba, mawu amphwanyidwe anali oikidwa mkamwa mwa mtsogoleri. Stalin anati: "Imfa imathetsa mavuto onse." Palibe munthu, ndipo palibe vuto. " Ntchitoyi inali yokhudza kuwombera mumzinda wa Tsaritsyn (mu 1918) akatswiri ankhondo.

Mawu otchuka akugwirizana ndi chifaniziro cha Dzhugashvili mwiniwake kotero kuti wowerengayo sankakayikira zenizeni za mbiri yakale. Ngakhale kuti izi ndizomwe zimapangidwa ndi wolemba buku - Rybakov.

Kuzindikira kwa wolemba

Rybakov mwiniwakeyo anafuna kudziwa chifukwa chake mapikowa amatchulidwa ndi Joseph Stalin. Iye adalongosola za kutchuka kwa mawu awa, ichi ngakhale chidakhumudwitsa wolembayo pang'ono. Bwanji, chifukwa anali Rybakov yemwe anapanga mapiko ake! Ndipo m'modzi mwa nkhani zake ndi mtolankhani Valery Lebedev, Anatoly Naumovich adavomereza kulemba mawu akuti "palibe munthu - palibe vuto" mu buku lakuti "The Children of the Arbat". Asanayambe, anayesa kukayikira mtolankhaniyo: Stalin adanena kuti izi, ndi chaka chiti, m'zinthu zake ziti? Mayankho a mafunso awa sanapezeke.

Ngati mawu a mapiko apita kwa anthu, ndiye kuti amalemekeza wolemba! Pambuyo pake, mu 1997, Rybakov adavomereza mu "Romance-Memoirs" kuti adapanga mawu akuti "palibe munthu - palibe vuto" pandekha. Ndipo Anatoly Naumovich adachita chifukwa anamva kuti ndiwe wolimba mtima. Iye mwamumtima anamva momwe mtsogoleriyo angapangire lingaliro ndi zomwe zinatembenuka kwa mawu iye anali nazo. Zakale, wolembayo sanalakwitse. Nkhanzayi inayamba mizu ndipo inakhala chizindikiro cha "nyengo yozizira ya Stalin".

Kutchuka kwa bukuli

Roman A. Rybakova a "Ana a Arbat" anachititsa furore ndipo anayamba kutchuka kwambiri. Ndi mbiri ya ntchitoyi ndipo imatiyankha ku funso la yemwe anati: "Palibe munthu - palibe vuto." Komanso bukuli limafotokoza tanthauzo la mapiko amenewa. Iye anapanga phokoso lambiri mu makina osindikizira ndipo anasintha malingaliro a owerenga ake. M'zaka izi, zochitika zambiri za mbiriyakale zinakumbukiridwanso.

Bukuli limafotokoza za tsoka la anthu obadwa ndi okalamba m'zaka za m'ma 30s. Zimatsegula chowonadi chonse ponena za ulamuliro wachinyengo wa Stalinist. Mu ntchito mlembi amayesera kumvetsa momwe makina opwetekawa amagwirira ntchito, zonsezi zikuwonetsa pa zitsanzo za zolinga zaumunthu. Njira yothetsera "mavuto" zandale inayambika ndi ulamuliro wa Stalin ndipo inawononga anthu enieni, mwakuthupi.

Tsamba la Nthawi

Magazini ya Time nthawi zambiri amaika chithunzi cha "Comrade Stalin" pachivundikirocho. Kawiri kawiri fanizo la mtsogoleriyo linaikidwa pa chivundikiro monga "munthu wa chaka". Otsutsa "chiphunzitso cha umunthu" mobwerezabwereza analemba za kukhalapo kwa mmodzi wa iwo, pomwe Stalin ankati akuwonetsedwa ndipo mawu otchuka analembedwa kuti: "Palibe munthu - palibe mavuto." Zinali za kugwirizanitsa. Izi zinachitika mu February 1993. Chivundikirochi chinangokhala ngati chitsimikizo cha mawu a Stalin.

Ndipotu, palibe chivundikiro choterocho. Chithunzi chake chimene chimayenda pa intaneti ndi chinyengo chofala. Mukhozanso kupeza chithunzithunzi chenicheni cha magazini ya Time (ya February 6, 1933).

Ndipo kodi cholengedwa chinachitika? Palibe yankho losavomerezeka ku funso ili. Zikuwoneka kuti otsutsa a Stalin ankafunitsitsa kuti amuuzeko malo otchuka a aphorism kuti adatenga gawo ili. Monga, pali gwero lenileni, limene lingatchulidwe nthawizonse, kutsimikizira choonadi cha mawu a Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin.

Tiyenera kuganiza kuti ndi nthawi yothetsa mikangano yonena za omwe akunena kuti: "Palibe munthu - palibe vuto". Chinthu chachikulu ndichoti tanthawuzo la mawu awa ndi losazindikira, tanthauzo lake likuwonekera kwa munthu aliyense.