Pamene nthano "The mpiru" anayamba lofalitsidwa ndi zina

Folk nkhani - ichi ndi chinachake wapadera ndi choyambirira. Ngati mukufuna kukhudza chikhalidwe cha anthu, onetsetsani kuti kuwerenga ntchito za m'nthano. Munthu aliyense mu dziko lino monga mwana kumvetsera nkhani Russian Fairy, ndi zitsanzo zawo utaloweza chikhalidwe Russian ndi mfundo zabwino ndi zoipa, za mmene munthu ayenera kuchita pa moyo wawo. Fairy nkhani - ndi kwenikweni nkhokwe ya nzeru, ngakhale, pa Koyamba, yosavuta ndi wodzichepetsa monga "mpiru".

Nthano "The mpiru"

Nthano "The mpiru" ndi mtima akhoza kundiuza aliyense mu Russia. N'zosadabwitsa, chifukwa pakati pa nkhani Russian Fairy, iye chionekera kuphweka ake ndi kufupika - yekha amatenga mizere ochepa.

Russian nthano "The mpiru" - nthano ana kuyambira ndili wamng'ono. Tanthauzo lachidule bwino ngakhale kwa ana. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zimene ana kukumbukira bwino. Komabe, ngati tikambirana kwambiri zimaonekeratu kuti nzeru uli osati ana mmenemo.

Kodi nthano "The mpiru"

Mu nthano "The mpiru" tikulankhula za munthu wachikulire amene akufuna kudzala mpiru. Pamene iye okhwima, zinadziwika kuti anali wolimba kwambiri. Ndipotu, ndi chimwemwe, koma munthu wakale yekha sanathenso tinyamuke yekha. Iye anali kupempha thandizo lonse banja loyamba agogo, ndiye mdzukulu wake, nsikidzi galu, mphaka, ndi kokha pamene mbewa anathamanga, ndi Banjali anakwanitsa kukokera.

Onani kuti ambiri a mitundu zake zili mwa folklore. Mwachitsanzo, Baibulo lina la mbewa kukoka mpiru sanaitana. Banja anali atatopa, kuyesera kukoka masamba, ndipo anapita kwa bedi. M'mawa kunapezeka usiku kuti agwiritsa mbewa ndipo anadya mpiru onse.

Nthano ndi cyclical, chifukwa mtima kwambiri n'kunena mokalipa kuyitanitsa nthawi iliyonse gulu kukolola kuyambira chiyambi mpaka mapeto.

Pamene woyamba lofalitsidwa nthano "The mpiru"

Nthano "The mpiru" kwa zaka zambiri anafotokoza kulalatira yekha. Pamene nthano "The mpiru" anayamba lofalitsidwa, izo yomweyo m'gulu mndandanda wa nkhani Russian wowerengeka. Buku loyamba inafalitsidwa mu 1863, ndipo mmenemo analembedwa osati otchulidwa losaiwalika, komanso miyendo, amenenso unathandizapo. Kodi inu mukutanthauza ofalitsa muzitha - si bwino mpaka kumapeto.

Buku Independent "The mpiru" anali inafalitsidwa koyamba mu 1910, ndipo kuyambira nthawi zambiri lofalitsidwa ndi buku laling'ono ana. Pambuyo buku la nthano "The mpiru" zinaonekeratu kuti zimatengera malo aang'ono kwambiri pa pepala, choncho nthawi Ufumuyo nthano ino zambiri zithunzi.

Nthano "The mpiru" ndi Russian mbadwa, koma panali mabaibulo ena ambiri ndi kunja, kuphatikizapo mu France ndi ku Israel.

Mabaibulo osiyanasiyana nthano

Today tingapeze ambiri kusankha zinthu nthano "The mpiru": ena zoseketsa, ena chisoni, ndi zina kwambiri. Poyamba, panali 5 okha a mitundu yake, kuphatikizapo - choyambirira, olengedwa mwa anthu okha. Pamene nthano "The mpiru" anayamba lofalitsidwa, izo zinalembedwa ndi AN Afanasiev m'dera Arkhangelsk. Izo mungachite komanso chodziwika olembedwa AN Wandiweyani, KD Ushinsky ndi VI Dahlem. Ngakhale kuti nthano linalembedwa ndi anthu osiyana, tanthauzo lake ndi sidzasinthika, kokha kalembedwe zasintha.

Komanso pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana iwo analenga yofanana awo pa mutu wa "mpiru" AP Chekhov, S. Marshak, K. Bulychev ndi ena otchuka Russian olemba.

Tikumbukenso kuti nthano zachititsa chidwi osati chilengedwe cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana ulaliki, komanso lonse la kuvina, Mlengiyo amene anali D. Harms.

Tanthauzo la nthano

Folk nthano "The mpiru" amanyamula sankangotanthauza kuposa kukolola chabe. lingaliro Aika kusonyeza mphamvu ya banja. Munthu yekha akhoza kuchita chilichonse, ayenera athandizi, ndipo mu nkhani iyi banja nthawi zonse kuwapulumutsa. Makamaka pamene kukolola thukuta kenako, nawonso, adzakhala onse pamodzi. Ngati inu kuchita zonse palimodzi, ndiye izo zidzakhala zabwino, ngakhale zopereka zazing'ono zomwe chifukwa nthawi zina kusankha zotsatira zake. wophweka uyu, pa Koyamba, choonadi cha Chifukwa, kawirikawiri iyiwalika moyo.

Koma ngakhale kuti si mfundo. Bwino amakhala choncho, ngati tikambirana zinthu zakale za nkhani kujambula nthawi. Kotero, chidachitika isanafike mphamvu Soviet nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Mfumu. M'zaka m'midzi panali amphamvu ulimi dera, amene anagwira ntchito limodzi. Pa nkhani imeneyi, zikhoza ankayimiridwa ngati agogo mmodzi wa anthu am'deramo, amene anaganiza kuchita chinthu chonsecho yekha. N'chabwino, ndithudi, koma popanda mamembala ena a amene ankaimira ndi agogo, mdzukulu ndi nyama, zimenezo sizinathandize, ndipo sanathe kutuluka. M'deralo, ngakhale zazikulu ndi zazing'ono ndi lofooka anthu ndi zaphindu, ngati iye akuyesetsa mwakhama ndipo amayesetsa kuchita osachepera chinachake.

zithunzi

Oddly zokwanira, ngakhale nthano zophweka kwambiri akhoza kulimbitsa ojambula zithunzi, monga "mpiru". Pamene nthano "The mpiru" anayamba lofalitsidwa, silinafike munali zithunzi zomwe sizodabwitsa chifukwa ndiye anali lanyimbo yochepa akulu. Koma kenako anapeza latsopano mpweya nthano "The mpiru". Zithunzi za nthano kwa nthawi yoyamba analenga Elizaveta Merkulovna Bem, iwo zinasindikizidwa mu 1881. More ndendende, icho sichinali chithunzi, ndipo silhouettes. Mu Baibulo loyambirira la "The mpiru" anali silhouettes 8 masamba, ndi tsamba limodzi okha ndi mawu nthano "The mpiru". Zithunzi kenako kuchepetsedwa, ndipo anayamba kufalitsa nkhani yonse pa tsamba limodzi. Silhouettes wa EM Böhm anasiya okha mu 1946. Choncho, theka la nthano m'ma opangidwa okha ku zithunzi chomwecho.

Today zithunzi za nthano pafupifupi buku chatsopano, kotero kuti ana ndi makolo ali ndi ufulu wosankha. Pamene dziko anayamba kuwombera zojambula, ndiye chinatha ndi wowerengeka nthano ya tepi.