Kodi kupanga kusanthula morphological wa mneni

mbali zonse za kulankhula chinenero cha Chirasha zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri lalikulu la palokha ndipo utumiki. Gulu lililonse lili ndi zikhumbo zake categorical. Pakati pa mawu amafalitsidwa ndi subgroups malinga ndi zizindikiro zawo morphological. limatchula zizindikiro, maphunziro a zilankhulo "kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe", ndi mawu, iwo amadziwika pamaziko a kusanthula morphological.

Morphological kusanthula za liwu umatulutsa siyana monga:

• phindu okwana: limasonyeza item kanthu kapena ndondomeko;

• gulu la mawonekedwe (a wangwiro, akuyankha funso kuti: "Kodi / kuchita phunziro," Ndipo opanda ungwiro, akuyankha funso kuti: "Kodi / anachita / adzachita nkhaniyi");

• transitivity gulu (mneni chosakhalitsa, pamene pamodzi ndi nauni mu accusative popanda anawagwiritsira, ndi genitive mbali ya mtengo wa lonse, ndi tinthu zoipa otsala kasewenzetsedwe ka mau intransitive.);

• zisadzachitikenso / waufupi gulu (mneni kubwerera, ngati iye ali postfix kasewenzetsedwe ka mau Reflexive kumizidwa.!);

• Mwa 2 gulu la conjugation (a mneni conjugation awiri. Kodi malinga ndi ulamuliro 7 kasewenzetsedwe ka mau kutha mu -et, kasewenzetsedwe ka mau -it, 4 -at. Komanso pali gulu zoumbika mosiyanasiyana conjugated kasewenzetsedwe ka mau. Kasewenzetsedwe ka mau ena nthawi zambiri amanena kwa conjugation 1);

• morphological kusanthula mneni Mzimuyo maganizo ake. Kasewenzetsedwe ka mau anamasulidwa lokhala wosasangalala zitatu:

- zimasonyeza zikuonetsa kanthu chimene chiti chichitike, zikuchitika kapena zachitika kale mu chenicheni;

- ochiritsira, kutanthauza chinthu zidzachitike mu zinthu zina. Komanso, ilo likutchedwa subjunctive. Chizindikiro cha kukhalapo kwa mtima wokonda particles mneni;

- M'pofunika munali pempho kapena lamulo;

• gulu la nthawi - alipo, m'tsogolo ndiponso akale. Zofunika! kasewenzetsedwe ka mau Perfective zosiyanasiyana ndi zam'tsogolo pano, ndipo tenses onse atatu opanda ungwiro. Nthawi anatsimikiza mtima kasewenzetsedwe ka mau mu maganizo zimasonyeza;

• gulu chiwerengero. Kasewenzetsedwe ka mau angagwiritsidwe ntchito mu mawonekedwe a mitundu mmodzi ndi mochulukitsa;

• Komanso mu kusanthula morphological za liwu la gulu m'gulu anthu akufotokozera nthawi yalelo;

• gulu la amuna ndi akazi. Rhode kumatanthauza kasewenzetsedwe ka mau mu chimodzi zimasonyeza maganizo mu mawonekedwe a m'mbuyomu kapena m'tsogolo yomangika;

• syntactic ntchito (chiganizo kuti): mneni akhoza kuchita pafupifupi onse chiganizocho.

• Kumveketsa: infinitive, kapena infinitive mtundu wa mneni alibe siyana kubadwanso, nthawi, munthu.

parsing chiwembu:

1. Lembani mawu funso ndi chizindikiro cha mbali ya kulankhula, mfundo categorical.

2. Kulembela mawonekedwe koyamba funso.

3. Onani zizindikiro mpaka kalekale mneni.

4. Dziwani wosakhazikika makhalidwe.

5. Morphological kusanthula mneni limatha ndi umboni wa ntchito syntactic mawu chiweruzo, kufunsa funso kwa iye.

Kasewenzetsedwe ka mau ndi mawu mapangidwe

Mneni, kuwonjezera galamala, palinso zizindikiro za mawu mapangidwe. Kuwazindikiritsa chimathandiza kusanthula zikuchokera mneni. Ndondomeko kusanthula chiri motere:

1. Sankhani mawu achabe. Kuti tichite zimenezi, chimatanthauza mneni kutha kapena zoyambirira affixes kuti maziko sikuphatikizidwa. Zikuphatikizapo suffix ya kale -l- ndi suffixes mawonekedwe chosadziwika. Akatswiri ena a zinenero amakhulupirira kuti chimango si monga postfix-Xia / -s.

2. Kenaka, muzu / mizu waima pa maziko a.

3 zigwire ndi manambala oyambirira / manambala oyambirira, ngati aliyense.

4. Mwayi preformative suffix / suffixes.

A kusanthula yeniyeni zambiri amapereka derivational njerwa mneni morphemic kusanthula zomwe amaganizira otchedwa chobisika, i.e. wapezeka pa phonetic mlingo muzu kapena suffix zinthu.