Panopa-voteji makhalidwe a zamakono

Yambani nkhani chikhoza kukhala chinthu ndi Edison. Uyu Nditchimo wa sayansi ayesa nyali incandescent, kuyesera kukwaniritsa ro mu magetsi, ndipo mwangozi anatulukira diode nyale. The ma elekitironi kusiya vacuo cathode ndi entrained cha elekitirodi chachiwiri, wosiyana ndi danga. Pa kuwongola pano pa nthawi sankadziwa, koma patenti Kutulukira anapeza ntchito yake m'njira yake. Zinali ndiye, ndipo anafunika panopa-voteji khalidwe. Koma zinthu oyamba.

Panopa-voteji khalidwe la chipangizo pakompyuta - zingalowe, komanso michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi ndi - kumathandiza kumvetsa mmene zinthu pamene inu kuyatsa chipangizo mu ndi dera magetsi. Ndipotu, ndi linanena bungwe panopa amadalira voteji ntchito kwa chipangizo. Edison anapanga kuloŵedwa m'malo a diode lakonzedwa kudula makhalidwe oipa voteji, ngakhale mosamalitsa kulankhula, zonse zimadalira malangizo a chida ndi anazimitsa mu dera, koma zambiri za kuti nthawi inayake, kuti anaberekera owerenga ndi mwatsatanetsatane zosafunika.

Choncho, panopa-voteji khalidwe la diode abwino ndi zabwino masamu parabola nthambi, lomwe kwambiri maphunziro kusukulu. Panopa kudzera mwa chipangizo akhoza ikuyenda yekha mu njira imodzi. Mwachibadwa, abwino osiyana moyo weniweniwo, ndi kuchita pali panopa parasitic pa voltages zoipa, wotchedwa Reflux (kutayikira). Iye n'chochepa kwambiri kuposa panopa anakhumba, amatchedwa mwachindunji, koma, ngakhalebe, siyenera za si ideality zida zenizeni.

Zingalowe triode isiyana ndi m'bale wamng'ono ndi kukhalapo kwa maelekitirodi awiri a ulamuliro gululi, ndi damming transversely pakati Chigawo cha botolo kuyamwa. cathode A ndi ❖ kuyanika wapadera umene facilitates kulekana ake ku ma elekitironi pamwamba, anali gwero la particles pulayimale amene adatenga anode. The otaya ulamuliro voteji ntchito kwa gululi pa. Panopa-voteji makhalidwe a nyale zingalowe triode ndi ofanana kwambiri diode, koma ndi mfundo imodzi yaikulu. Malinga voteji pa m'munsi mwa parabola koyefishienti amaloŵamo kusintha, ndipo ife kupeza banja la Pankhani yomweyi mawonekedwe.

Mosiyana diode transistors ntchito pa voteji zabwino pakati pa cathode ndi anode. The magwiridwe anakhumba zimatheka ndi mpheto ya voteji gululi. Ndipo potsiriza, muyenera kupanga kusintha komaliza. Popeza cathode ali ndi mphamvu amalire kwa umuna elekitironi, ali ndi khalidwe lililonse dera machulukitsidwe, kumene kuwonjezeka mu voteji sichichititsa kuwonjezeka linanena bungwe panopa.

Ngakhale chikhalidwe chosiyana ndi mfundo za makhalidwe panopa-voteji wa transistor si osiyana kwambiri ndi triode, koma steepness wa parabola ndi ndi lalikulu. N'chifukwa chake nyale dera pa chinyezimiro kawirikawiri anasamutsidwa ndi michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi gawo lapansi. Dongosolo la zedi thupi ena kuposa transistors zimakhala zazing'ono kotunga voltages. Komanso, michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi zipangizo akhoza lizilamuliridwa ndi voltages zabwino ndi zoipa, amene amapereka digiri wamkulu ufulu opanga pamene angagwiritse madera.

Kuti kwathunthu kukumana zokhumba za kusintha njira okonzeka zopangidwa ndi zipangizo akhala anatulukira ndi zotsatira photoelectric. Komabe, ngati nyali ntchito mitundu yake yachilendo, ndi patsogolo mchitidwe m'munsi, zifukwa zoonekeratu, ntchito pa maziko a mkati zotsatira photoelectric. Panopa-voteji khalidwe photoelectric yodziwika kuti linanena bungwe phindu masiku ano ankatembenukira, malingana ndi kuyatsa. The mwamphamvu kuwala ndi apamwamba wamkulu linanena bungwe panopa. Popeza phototransistors ntchito, photodiodes ntchito ngati n'zosiyana nthambi panopa. Izi zimathandiza kuti zida angathe kupeza photons ndi imayendetsedwa ndi magwero kunja kuwala.