Peggy Guggenheim: yonena, photos, ntchito

Margaret Guggenheim, odziwika padziko lonse zaluso, zomera mwini, luso wokhometsa ndi wofuna kuthandiza, anabadwa mu New York pa August 26, chaka cha 1898. Iwo anapita mu mbiri pansi pa dzina la Peggy Guggenheim. chowathandiza kuti chitukuko cha chi zojambulidwa bwino kwenikweni kwambiri. Peggy anali womaliza m'banja la ana atatu a Benjamin Guggenheim - lalikulu American industrialist achiyudawo, amene anafa pa ngalawa "Titanic" mu April 1912.

Wambiri. zaka zoyambirira

Mabuku za moyo wa Peggy atolankhani zambiri kulemba za chakuti atsikana ali mwana sanali wosangalala. Atakula achipululu nedolyublennosti chifukwa makolo ake moyo wake: amake linachita kukhala socialite, ndipo kawirikawiri analankhula ndi mwamuna wake ndi ana, ndipo bambo ake nthawi zonse anali otanganidwa mumapezera wina miliyoni. Komanso, anakhala nthawi wake ku Ulaya, kuchokera m'banja. Koma pokumbukira Peggy kholo mabanja ena ... Mu mafunso, iye anati amawakonda ndi la mwana ndi iye anapulumuka zosangalatsa kwambiri. Pamene iye anali ndi zaka 13, panali matsoka: bambo wa banja, pamodzi ndi mlembi wake anali "Titanic" inaonongeka. Malinga ndi nthano banja, Bambo Benjamin napereka mpando wake mu boti limodzi anakhalabe pa chombo mpaka wotsiriza yachiwiri kuthandiza akazi ndi ana. Kuchokera tsiku limenelo bambo anga chifukwa Peggy ngwazi woona, ndi wokondedwa chikumbukiro iye iye anapitiriza mpaka mapeto a masiku ake.

Njira luso

Ndi tsokali banja zinasintha mwadzidzidzi miyoyo ya akazi. Iye anakhala wolandira miliyoni udindo wa bambo ake. Komabe, kuti agwirizane lamanja la cholowa, iye anali kudikira mpaka zaka ambiri. Lisanaperekedwe, iye anali m'manja mwa amalume ake Solomon Guggenheim - olemera munthu wotchuka wamalonda, connoisseur kwambiri ndi zaluso. Ngakhale kuchuluka ambirimbiri a amalume, iye ankaona ngati ubale osauka m'nyumba yake ndi sanasangalale chikondi kwambiri ndi makonzedwe a asuweni awo. Kwa kanthawi anagwira ntchito mu yamabuku, amene anasonyeza ntchito ya olemba avant-garde, apa iye anakumana ndi maganizo pang'onopang'ono kwa nthawi yake.

Paris, Paris!

Pambuyo Peggy Guggenheim ali wamkulu ndi anatengera bambo ake anachoka mu mkhalidwe madola 2500000, ndi ku New York anapita ku likulu zaluso - Paris. Apa mkazi wamng'ono atachita pakatikati pa "wobuma makumi." Paris 20 linali likulu la kupata ndi luso ojambula zithunzi: olemba, oimba ndi ojambula zithunzi. Pamaso heiress ndi, ndithudi, anatsegula zitseko za boudoirs zonse za m'dzikoli, kumene akupita ku beau Monde. Tsiku lililonse, kuwonjezera pa bwalo la anzake ndi anzawo: Natalie Barney, Mey Rey, Dzhuna nkhokwe, Romeyn Bruks - ndipo ichi ndi mndandanda chosakwanira cha otchuka amene anazungulira yekha ndi. Moyo ndi amalume ake - wokonda kwambiri za luso chabwino - chinathandiza chitukuko kukoma kwake woyengeka. Peggy Guggenheim amapezeka zisudzo zosiyanasiyana, anakumana ndi amisiri surrealist, izo amaziteteza, ndi chinkhoswe kupanga mafilimu, umaunikira kulenga zomera chake ndi mathero ano ayamba kugula pachithunzipa.

Pangani magulu

Kenako akuona kuika bambo ake anachoka likulu mu pachithunzipa. Ndipo pakuchita chotero, zimathandiza kuti Marsel Dyushan - wotchuka American wojambula, luso theorist. Pogwirizana ndi malangizo ake, iye zikugwira ntchito kupeza ndi losadziwika ndi amisiri kuyambika. Posachedwa zimaonekeratu kuti iye ali osowa talente - yodziŵiratu zinthu pasadakhale, amene amathandiza ake ndi kusankha ntchito zingamuthandize. Choncho, Peggi Guggenhaym Collection akuyamba limabwezeretsa ndi zojambula za akatswiri amene m'tsogolo mu sitolo kuzindikira. Iripano iwo :. Kandinsky, Dali, Picasso, Tanguy, Cocteau, Pollock, etc. Mwachibadwa, kuthi nyimbo ntchito kuyamba kukwera mtengo, kuchulukitsa boma la Peggy Guggenheim. Komano, ena ojambula zithunzi ovomerezeka awo pa luso dziko anafika American wakufuma mwachangu amalimbikitsa zilandiridwenso. Kukhala pansi zothandizira mipingo yawo wake, kukhala moyo wopanda mavuto ambiri, ndalama naye bwino, ndi kuyesa ina iliyonse pofuna kusangalatsa mkazi wakeyo. M'malo mwake iye bungwe zisudzo awo, ndi ofunika makasitomala amene ali wokonzeka kugula pachithunzipa.

tambirimbiri

Mu 1938, zochokera P. Guggenheim Guggenheim Jeune chionetsero choyamba mu London pa Nkhata Bay Street anali zojambula ndi Zhana Kokto ndi pikhabuluka. Ndipo pambuyo Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, Peggy anagula ambiri a ntchito ya surrealist ndi wojambula umboni, kukometsera zosonkhanitsira awo ochititsa kaso. Apa, mu London gallery, iye anasonyeza ntchito ya achinyamata Polish wojambula Kandinsky, kenako Yves Tanguy. Kumayambiriro 40s, Peggy ndicho kuganizira za kulenga tambirimbiri ku likulu French, ndipo ngakhale kubwereka malo ichi. Komabe, nkhondo ya asilikali lopondereza chinalepheretsa kukhazikitsa mimba yake, iye kuti achoke Paris ndi oyamba kum'mwera kwa France, ndipo kuchokera kumeneko - kwawo ku New York. Pano, iye akutsegula zomera Luso Century chimenechi posakhalitsa anakhala mmodzi wa showrooms kwambiri yapamwamba ndi choyambirira ku likulu la US zaluso.

owonetsera zakale

Mpaka 1946 akuthamanga pa Ulaya ndi America pofunafuna zojambula oyenera kwa deta, yomwe kukula tsiku ndi tsiku ndi kudzadza katswiri zazikulu. cholinga chake chapamwamba - kulenga Peggy awo Guggenheim. Zaka zitatu iye pamodzi ndi kusonkhanitsa wake pa ntchito zisudzo zosiyanasiyana onse mu States ndi ku Ulaya. Kumayambiriro 50 tsikulo lidzafika pa Biennial ku Venice. Kumene, apa izo zinali, koma pakali pano iye amadziwa kuti nthawi kukhazikitsa chakhalapo kuyambira kalekale maloto - kukhazikitsa owonetsera zakale kuti ndikanakhala wa yekha kwa iye, wotchuka Peggy Guggenheim! Venice, mu maganizo ake, malo abwino kwa izo. Iye akugula wokongola moyera-yachifumu bwino pa magombe a ngalande, apa amanyamula zosonkhanitsira wake wa zojambula ndi rarities zina, decorates zonse ndi kukonda kwanu. Pano, iye wasankha chokhazikika ndi kuthera moyo wake wonse.

Monga tafotokozera chi Peggy (Margaret) Guggenheim

Young, eccentric wamatama ndi wochenjera, cholinga ndi amphamvu, si wokongola, koma wokongola. Chithunzi chapakati kukula chidwi anaonekera pa nkhope mphuno yake - khalidwe banja, amene si kwambiri ndi kulanda izo. Komabe, modina anaganiza tipezekemo thandizo la scalpel, koma pa mphindi yotsiriza, ndi kale pa tebulo ya opareshoni, anasiya lingaliro. abwenzi awo amakhulupirira kuti, pakutayika mphuno, zikanakhala anataya banja lake Luso - luso kumva fungo la ndalama, kuchulukitsa iwo ndi kuzigwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru.

moyo

Mwachibadwa, ndi American miliyoneya heiress Peggy Guggenheim, amene autobiography inafalitsidwa mu bukhu kuchokera m'ma izi: kuvomereza kwa luso osokoneza, ilidi msinkhu wake ankaona kuti mkwatibwi enviable. Iye anali kwambiri mafani ku mabanja olemera, koma kusankha kwake kunali Lawrence Weil - poluamerikantsa-polufrantsuza, polupisatelya-poluhudozhnika. Ndi iwo anapita koyamba Peggy kugonjetsa Paris. kenako iye analemba kuti ukwati anali kulakwitsa movutika. Kapena banja wake anaganiza kuti iye sankakhoza ngakhale kulingalira momwe munthu angathe kukhalira pa $ 100 pamwezi. Komabe, pa heiress poyamba ndinali chabe chidwi ndi mwamuna wake, amene amadziwa beau ake French Monde, ndi zowoneka onse likulu ndi midzi yake. ukwati inatenga zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri ndipo anapereka ana ake awiri - Sinbad ndi Peggin. Weil zonse kubera pa mkazi wake pa otsiriza a ndalama zokha. Komabe, iye anazindikira kuti mkhalidwe wawo sikuli kwa iye, ndipo iye, ndi kudana Peggy, banja lake, ndalama. Nthawi zonse adagulung'undisa powonekera anthu chiwonetsero ndi akulu smashing ziwiya za kukhitchini, kutaya kwa mazenera a nkhani zosiyanasiyana, makamaka nsapato yake ndi zikwama zam'manja. Peggy ankadziwa kuti kwa nthawi yaitali sangathe kupitiriza. Ndiye iye ganyu loya ndipo analekana posachedwa, koma kodi tisasokoneze iye ubwenzi, ndipo anapitiriza kupereka ngongole yake. Weil anali woyamba chikondi kwambiri Peggy Guggenheim. Photo iye anali yaitali anapitiriza mu chikwama chake. Ndiponso, anazindikira kuti pali kugwirizana ndi Weyl anatsegula zitseko naye ku dziko la Parisian beau Monde.

Amuna P. Guggenheim

Kachiwiri anakwatiwa wolemba Dzhonni Holmsa. Iye anali ozindikira kwambiri, koma sankadziwa mmene ndalama. Koma kuti khama anali kuthera wolemera ndi wolemekezeka mkazi wake wamng'ono. Pakuti Marcel Dyushanom Peggi anali wosakwatiwa, komanso ogwirizana chikondi Komanso, kodi iye amaganiza kalozera ake mu dziko la chisunzo, wakeyo mu moyo ndi mlangizi bwino. Anali zojambulajambula IV Tangi wokonda Peggy mwakhama kunena, koma chifukwa cha izo, iye atatchuka. Ndiyeno panali Semyuel Bekket - wolemba ndi tsogolo Nobel, Gerbert Musakhale - Mtsogoleri wa dongosolo la Garter. Pakuti Maksa Ernsta Margaret Guggenheim m'banja kachitatu. Zinali mmisiri kwambiri nthawi yake, komanso wokonda lowopsya ndi wachimasomaso. Peggy anatenga nawo ku wotanganidwa Paris ku New York. Posachedwa zojambula wake kukometsera kusonkhanitsa mkazi wake yovomerezeka. Peggy anaitana mlonda wa mngelo wa avant-garde ndi surrealist. Monga mukuonera, omveka onse galeristki anali anthu aluso amene akhudzana ndi ubale ndi matanthauzo opindulitsa: Iwo amakopeka ndi chuma cha Peggy ndipo iye - zilandiridwenso.

Mufilimuyi "Peggy Guggenheim: tsiku popanda luso"

Popeza 1948, wotchuka zomera mwini anakakhala pa kugombe la nyanja ya Adriatic, mu Venice zazikulu. Ngakhale kuti mu unyamata Peggy ankaona ngati ubale osauka m'banja, kenako anakhala wotchuka nthumwi ya banja la Guggenheim. Mu Venice, iye ankakhala m'nyumba yake, atagwira retinue unachitika mpandadenga ndi tsiku akuyenda kupyolera mu njira mu retinue ndi, atavala mtundu nofeki. Chotero kumbukirani ake mu mzinda lowoneka. Tamarayo anayang'ana wamatama kwambiri, mafano ake ndimachita kusiyana ndi m'maganizo. Iye ankakonda kuvala madiresi ndi Chalk kalembedwe African: kwambiri nthenga, modabwitsa mipango, mikanda chachikulu. Ndithudi anali mmodzi wa akazi kwambiri za nthawi yake, ndipo mu 2015 mkulu wodziwa
Lisa Immordino Vreeland inajambulidwa Mbali mafilimu a Peggy Guggenheim. Mufilimuyi limatiuza za moyo wake, za yodziŵiratu zinthu pasadakhale ake zosaneneka, amene anathandiza kuti pochimanga, ndi kumene, za mwamuna wake, iye "anasonkhanitsa 'chimodzimodzi monga chithunzi.