Pavlovsk Museum-Reserve: zokopa, zithunzi

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa wotchuka mabusa nyumba ya likulu lathu kumpoto. Chaka chilichonse alendo masauzande ambiri amapita kubwera kwa Pavlovsk. Museum-Reserve mu mzinda wa Pavlovsk amakopeka mwathu muno osati kokha, komanso alendo ochokera kunja. Ndipo wopanda chifukwa: pali chinachake kuwona.

The State Museum-Reserve Pavlovsk (Russia): History

Ndi kuthetsa woyamba kwambiri pa mayiko amenewa anaonekera mu zaka za m'ma XIII. Zinali linga "Town pa Slavyanka". M'zaka za m'ma XVIII panali Chifinishi m'mudzi Seppel ndi Lynn. Mfumukazi Catherine Wamkulu, kuyendera pafupi Tsarskoye Selo, anadza kusaka pano. Pakuti kotala ake nyumba miwiri, mbukhomerwa zinamangidwa ndi maina zachilendo - Krak ndi Crick. Woyamba yapsya panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri, pamene mzinda anali kulamulidwa ndi dziko la Germany, ndipo chachiwiri chifukwa dilapidation anawachotsa mu 1929.

Mu December 1777 Catherine II anapereka dziko (maekala 362) ndi midzi yonse ndi anthu a mwana - Pavel Petrovich ndi mkazi wake Maria Feodorovna atabadwa mwana wawo woyamba - tsogolo Russian Mfumu Alexander I.

Patapita chaka chimodzi (mu 1778) pali zinamangidwa awiri m'malo wodzichepetsa kukula kwa nyumba yachifumu - Paullust ndi Mariental. Patapita pa malo inamangidwa Paullust Pavlovsk Palace, malo Mariental anatenga Bip Linga.

Paulo mu 1786 anayamba kumanga Pavlovsk Palace. Project wolemba anali Charles Cameron. Mu kugwa kwa 1796 , Paulo Ine ankatuma udindo wa m'mudzi m'tawuni. Mu 1788, Mfumu, amene nthawi zambiri kale mu Gatchina, anapereka chuma cha Maria Feodorovna - mkazi wake.

Mu 1801, pambuyo pa imfa ya mfumu, Maria Feodorovna ankakhala ubwenzi yachifumu ku nyengo ofunda. Onse yachifumu ndi paki amasunga ngodya zambiri zokhudza dzina lake. Mwachitsanzo, munda kapena alibe chapamwamba pinki hema. Nkhondo ya 1812, mkulu wa asilikali a mzinda wakhala lodziwika bwino Petr Ivanovich Bagration.

Atamwalira Maria Feodorovna (1828) Pavlovsk linakhala cholowa cha Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich, mbale wa Nicholas I. Panthawi imeneyi, Pavlovsk amagwira anamanga ndi zida zamakono: Eleninskaya kotala inamangidwa, bungwe ndi sukulu Alexander imene ana kuphunzira ndi gulu pakati pa amalonda, ndi ana amasiye.

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XIX, mzinda wa Pavlovsk inasandulika chilikati cha chikhalidwe nyimbo: panali wotchuka nyimbo siteshoni. M'zaka panali zambiri ambiri analemba wotchuka ndi oimba. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, Pavlovsk anasankhidwa ndi wamaluwa.

Pambuyo pa 1917 , mzinda anadzatchedwa mu Slutsk. Choncho ankatchedwa mpaka 1944. Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse Pavlovsk anali kulamulidwa ndi asilikali Nazi. Dvorets Pavla pa mthunzi wa ku Germany atenthedwa, ndipo mu paki pa utakhala anali kudula mitengo kuposa 60,000. wapatali m'mbiri komanso kamangidwe zipilala anawonongedwa.

Dzina mbiri ya mudziwo anabwerera mu 1944. Nkhondo itatha anaganiza kukhazikitsa kubwezeretsedwa. Zinatha mpaka 1973.

Mu 1989 Pavlovsk anaphatikizidwa UNESCO List Heritage. Today, 42 za malo a chinthu otetezedwa ndi boma ndipo ndi chikhalidwe ndi zipilala mbiri. Pavlovsk - malo alendo, amene anafika chaka ndi anthu oposa theka miliyoni.

Pavlovsk Palace

Museum-Reserve Pavlovsk (Russia), alendo ayamba kuphunzira kuchokera kokha ichi golide ndi woyera yachifumu. Inamangidwa pa magombe a mtsinje Slavyanka wotchuka wamanga Charles Cameron m'zaka XVIII. Pavlovsk Palace limaonekera kuchokera kulikonse mu mzinda ndi paki. Storey lolamulila aposa ndi lathyathyathya mzikiti 64 anaika zipilala za. tambirimbiri zipilala chikugwirizana nyumba chapakati ndi m'maofesi. Izi kupanga bwalo kutsogolo ndi mawonekedwe horseshoe.

Pamene anakhala mfumu, Paulo Ine, Pavlovsk inali yololedwa ananena dziko lachifumu zogona. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XVIII ndi katswiri wa zomangamanga V. Brenna zinachitikadi kukuza nyumba yachifumu.

Pamwamba pa matupi boma anali apansi chachiwiri anamanga. Iwo anamanga awiri mapiko semicircular, amene pafupi kutsekedwa panja. pansi More pa limodzi la zomera anaimirira zipilala. Ngakhale kusintha, nyumba yaikulu ya nyumba panali chinthu chachikulu mu chiphunzitso cha. Iye katswiri chisomo ndi kukula.

Features a zomangamanga ndi

C. Cameron anasankha waukulu mchitidwe zokongoletsa woyera mizati. Iwo chokongoletsedwa ndi pamakoma a nyumba zazikulu, kulenga zikusonyeza zomera panja, adzatsekeredwa kuthandiza mzikiti. Kuti azitha chachikulu kuumbidwa membala anasankha woonda masamba acanthus frieze, amene lazungulira nyumba yonse, komanso zitatu za medallion ndi chosemacho chosema chongoyerekezera image, zomangamanga ndi kupenta pa wapakamwa chachikulu.

Yomangidwa kumene nyumba Brenna chokongoletsedwa ndi stucco mwakemu - akorona ndi eni monograms yachifumu. Only malekezero a mapiko iye anakhazikitsa makonde wopangidwa mwa mizati chitsulo. Amaoneka kutsegula khomo la pansi perete. Izi njira compositional analola yolumikizana nyumba zakale ndi zatsopano mu gulu loyimba limodzi.

Nyumba yachifumu m'zaka za m'ma XIX

Mapulani John. Quarenghi ndi Voronihin pa chiyambi cha XIX atumwi anamaliza kamangidwe ka wapakamwa nyumba yachifumu. Panthawi imeneyi, panali nsangalabwi pakhonde ndi balustrades khonde. Mu 1807, P. Gonzaga yokutidwa wina mpanda wa zomera ndi frescoes. Izo zimasonyeza arcades ndi nyumba makwerero chadzaoneni. zomera uyu walowa mu mbiri ya zomangamanga Russian otchedwa zomera Gonzaga. Wotchuka Carlo Rossi mu 1822 anaika pa laibulale ake ndi mazenera arched pachiyambi. busts nzeru ena inakhazikitsidwa therebetween.

Pridvortsovy paki

Chilengedwe cha paki wapadera inayamba mu 1780 muluwani Pavlovsk. Museum-Reserve lero ndi chitsanzo zazikulu za luso malo. Ntchito kwambiri mu mapangidwe a Pavlovsk gulu loyimba ankaimba wamanga Charles Cameron. Iye analenga mu nyengo ya ku ntchito 1782 ndi 1807 amene anamangapo pavilions ndi m'khonde la zipilala la Apollo, Grand kugwa, ndime "Kutha kwa Dziko". Mu zojambula wake okongola paki Kentavrovym, linunda ndi Black Bridge.

osiyanasiyana kwambiri mu zipangizo paki chikuonetseratu mu mzinda ngati Pavlovsk. Museum-Reserve (kapena kani, mbali ya paki) tsopano wotanganidwa kumanga mzinda, kuti iye malire chapamwamba za Slavyanka pafupifupi limalumikizana ndi mzinda. mbali zosiyana chimafikira kwa m'tchire.

Mitengo anabzala pabwalopo, kotero kuti Private Garden ndi mapiko a nyumba yachifumu pafupifupi wosaoneka. view wokongola kwambiri ku zipilala pa nyumba anazungulira magulu a mitengo.

munda Private

Pa alendo onse kuyendera Pavlovsk Museum-Reserve kumathandiza kuti akhazikike kwambiri. Chimodzi mwa madera okongola kwambiri Pavlovsk Park chimagwiritsidwa ankamuona ngati Garden Private. Ndi ili ku Pavlovsk Palace, pafupi ndi zipinda za Mfumukazi Maria Feodorovna. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti bwino odziwa maluwa, ndipo iye anali wokhoza kusonkhanitsa deta lalikulu kwambiri a iwo.

Private m'munda ka yaing'ono minda Dutch ndi French ndi munda pabwalopo. Akunja kwa gawo sikuloledwa, munda anali mpumulo wa makamu yachifumu. Mu mbali ya kum'mwera ya m'munda, pa bwalo mkulu, ndinkakonda ntchito Paulo I.

Ambiri zomera zosapezekapezeka anakwiriridwa m'munda. Iwo pachimake mosalekeza, akutiakuti. Munda ali ndi dzina chachiwiri - "Kachisi wa Flora".

Mausoleum wa Paulo I

Wina kukopa, chomwe chili Pavlovsk. Museum-Reserve pabwalopo ndi chipilala chodabwitsa - ndi mausoleum wa Paulo I. Si manda a mfumu. Paulo Ine, naikidwa St. Petersburg mu Petro ndi Paulo Cathedral.

Mu kalata Dowager Mfumukazi anamutchula kuti "chipilala" ndipo mu mgwirizano ndi wamanga Carlo Visconti, iye anali m'gulu la "kachisi". Dzinali pano - ndi Mausoleum wa Paulo Ine, kapena Mausoleum za mwamuna kapena mkazi-zopindula. nyumba ino - msonkho kwa mfumu ndi mkazi wake.

Chidwi cha m'nyumbayi wapoyera

Reviews ya Museum-Reserve "Pavlovsk" (Russia) tinganene motere: onse kukaona malo lodabwitsali akulankhula za zidindo kochokera ulendo. Alendo kuona kuti ngakhale pang'ono yachifumu, izo kukwapula mu kukongola kwake ndi kuchuluka kwa yokongola. Koma paki, muli alendo onse womasuka kwambiri: chikhalidwe zazikulu, makwalala bwino-anakonzekeretsa, maluwa zokongola munda payekha ali kuletsa.