Oyenda. Kodi mtundu wa nkono?

Pobwereka mawu achilendo zambiri khalidwe la zochitika za terminology asilikali. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti asilikali ndi bulu wa chitsanzo European anayamba pansi Peter 1. Zinasonyeza mitundu yatsopano ya asilikali, ulemu ndi mphoto m'chinenero chawo si kokwanira. Anali Mau "oyenda" Mmodzi mwa iwo ngongole asilikali mawu. Kodi mawu awa, kuti zimene mtundu wa asilikali limakhudza ndipo pamene ntchito - onani m'munsimu.

The etymology mawu

Chiyambi cha mawu "oyenda" akutitsogolera kuti mizu French kapena Spanish. Zinenelo, komabe limagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "oyenda". Kodi mawu amenewa, ndipo pamene iye analowa lotanthauzira mawu a asilikali Russian, angapezeke mu zolemba zakale

M'zaka za m'ma 18 kutchula koyamba za ngati asilikali, monga oyenda pa. Mawu m'chilankhulo cha Russian - ndi oyenda, mtundu wapadera wa asilikali phazi. malipoti asilikali pa nkhondo Northern, mukamva za oyenda asilikali - oyenda monga mayunitsi zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo wa asilikali zonse. Patapita nthawi, mu nthawi ya Paulo 1 anatchula udindo watsopano asilikali - General wa oyenda, mwachitsanzo oyenda ambiri. Mawu, monga zakhala ndipo timakhala yachilendo, ndi pakati pa zaka za m'ma 19 pafupifupi kwathunthu pa ntchito mu zolemba Russian asilikali.

Oyenda mu mbiri yakale

Monga gawo osiyana nkhondowo, ndi oyenda analiko maufumu onse wakale wa dziko. The Sumerians, Ababulo, Asuri yokutidwa magaleta awo ndi apakavalo mbali munthu phazi - ndi zinachitika wa asilikali, amene anadzatchedwa oyenda pa. Kuti wagawo nkhondowo analengedwa kuti ntchito yeniyeni, amatsimikizira nkhani analandira kuchokera zakale olemba mbiri ndi deta otalikirana. Wotchuka msilikali wa oyenda za m'ma wakale - Aroma legionary.

Oyenda mu Ages Middle

Mu Middle Ages ndi oyenda anakhala mphamvu wothandiza kutetezela forts pa, nyumba, midzi komanso mfundo zina mipanda yolimba kwambiri. Potsatira chitsanzo cha Ankhondo a, oyenda ntchito unyolo mail, zida ndi zisoti. Kumapeto kwa Middle Ages ufumu wamphamvu. Kuchita izi, mfumu anafunika asilikali amphamvu, kotero mu Pachithunzipa oyenda amachita kachiwiri. Kuti wagawo asilikali mosavuta yosankha ndi kuikamo, zinaonekeratu kuyambira pachiyambi. Oyenda ntchito ngati zotsatira knockdown, omwe anali mu nkhondo kuteteza amuna amphamvu kwambiri. Pambuyo Kutulukira ntchito mfuti oyenda kachiwiri kumawonjezera. Oyenda wayamba mbali yofunika kwambiri ya nkhondo, popanda zomwe khalidwe la nkhondoyi.

Panopa imadziwika kuti "oyenda" ntchito kwa oyenda mu Italy, France, Portugal, Germany.