PDCA-mkombero - ndi nzeru za mosalekeza kusintha kwa malonda

PDCA-mkombero (Deming mkombero) - imodzi mwa mfundo zofunika chiphunzitso ano kasamalidwe. Komanso ndipamene maziko a ISO 9000 zino, amene ntchito padziko lonse chifukwa kasamalidwe khalidwe mabizinezi zamitundu yonse ndi zoimira.

tanthauzo

Deming PDCA-mkombero - luso la kusintha mosalekeza ndondomeko, onse malonda ndi m'munda wina uliwonse wa ntchito. Dzina njira ndi chidule cha 4 mawu English kwa tsatanetsatane wa masitepe kusintha:

• P - Plan (Plan);
• D - Kodi (kuchita);
• C - Chongani (kutsimikizira kuchifotokoza);
• A - Act (kuchita).

Chirichonse n'zomveka ndi losavuta: Choyamba, muyenera kuganizira zochita. Ndiye pali kukhazikitsa awo mogwirizana ndi dongosolo. Chachitatu - ndi kusanthula zotsatira. Ndipo potsiriza, gawo lotsiriza - Act - ikukhudza oyamba kusintha yeniyeni kusintha ndondomeko ndi / kapena zolinga zatsopano. Zitatha izi gawo kukonzanso mapulani akuyamba, amene ayenera kutenga nkhani zonse zimene zachitidwa kale.

Schematically PDCA ulamuliro kuzungulira akuonetsedwa mu mawonekedwe a gudumu izo zikusonyeza kupitiriza kwa ndondomekoyi.

Tsopano yang'anani pa sitepe iliyonse mwatsatanetsatane.

Plan (Plan)

Mayeso oyamba - akukonzekera. M'pofunika momveka vuto, ndiyeno kudziwa malangizo chachikulu ntchito ndipo anabwera ndi njira mulingo woyenera.

A kulakwitsa lililonse - kukhala dongosolo zochokera zotengera malingaliridwe zosatsimikizika ndi kasamalidwe maganizo. Popanda kudziwa zimene zimayambitsa vutoli, tingathe kwambiri, kuti n'chongoletsa zotsatira zake, kenako mongoyembekezera. Kodi zipangizo angagwiritsidwe ntchito iyi?

The njira ya "5 Chifukwa"

Iwo anayamba kupanga kumbuyo mu 40s, koma anakhala wotchuka patapita zaka 30, pamene anayamba ntchito mwakhama kampani Toyota. Mmene angagwirire kudzipenda moteromo?

Choyamba tifunika kumasulila ndi kuziwerenga vuto. Kenaka funsani: "N'chifukwa chiyani zimenezi?" ndipo lembani zinthu zonse. Ndiye muyenera kuchita zomwezo kwa aliyense kukayankha. Ndiye ife tikupitirira mizere mofanana funso "Chifukwa chiyani?" osati nthawi 5 chidzamasulidwa. Monga ulamuliro, yankho chachisanu ndi chifukwa chenicheni.

Ishikawa chithunzi

Njira imeneyi zimathandiza inu momveka kuimira ubale causal zodabwitsa mu ntchito iliyonse. Dzina la Mlengi wake, sayansi Kaoru Ishikawa, ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito anira.

Popanga taperekachi kusiyanitsa 5 magwero N'kuthekanso mavuto: anthu, zipangizo, chilengedwe (chilengedwe), zipangizo ndi njira. Aliyense wa iwo, nayenso akhoza zili zifukwa zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ogwira ntchito ntchito zimadalira mlingo wa choyenereza thanzi, mavuto ndi zina zotero D..

Zinayendera kumanga Ishikawa chithunzi:

1. Jambulani muvi yopingasa lamanja, ndi pafupi nsonga zake kulemba bwino kukonza vuto.
2. Pa ngodya kuti waukulu malangizo chithunzi 5 zinthu zazikulu wanzeru, amene takambirana pamwambapa.
3. Mivi ang'onoang'ono kusonyeza zifukwa zambiri. Optionally kuwonjezera bwino nthambi. Izi zimachititsa bola osati akatulutsidwa zonse zitheka.

Pambuyo pake, mungachite onse analandira zikumatayidwa mu mzati, kuchokera nzeru Minor.

"Kulingalira"

Alingalire ndi akatswiri antchito ofunika kwambiri, imene ntchito iliyonse ikuyenera - dzina chimayambitsa ambiri ofuna ndi njira zothetsera vutoli, kuphatikizapo wosangalatsa kwambiri.

Pambuyo kuwunika ongolankhula m'pofunika kupeza umboni weniweni wotsimikizira kuti vuto kumatanthauza molondola. Act pamaziko a yopeka ( "zambiri ...") n'zosatheka.

Koma mutakonzekera, palinso mfundo zofunika. Nkofunika anapereka deadlines, kujambula zinayendera bwino zochita ndi zotsatira zoyezeka (kuphatikizapo wapakatikati), amene ayenera kutsogolera.

Kodi (Kodi)

Gawo lachiwiri la PDCA-mkombero - kukhazikitsa dongosolo, kukhazikitsa kusintha. Nthawi zambiri bwino woyamba kugwiritsa anasankha pang'ono pokha, kukachititsa "munda kuyesedwa" ndi kuona momwe ntchito mu malo aang'ono kapena chinthu. Ngati pali deadlines anaphonya, kuchedwa, ndikofunika kumvetsetsa chifukwa (mapulani zosatheka kapena kupanda khalidwe limene antchito). Komanso, poyamba dongosolo la ulamuliro wapakatikati, zomwe zimathandiza inu osati kudikira zotsatira, ndi kusunga ndandanda zachitika.

Chongani (Chongani)

Mu mawu osavuta, kuli tsopano kofunikira kupereka yankho mmodzi: "Kodi taphunzira?". PDCA-mkombero kumafuna ziyenera apitirize zotsatira zimatheka. M'pofunika mukupita patsogolo poyerekezera ndi zolinga kudziwa ntchito bwino ndi chimene ayenera bwino. Makamaka izo ikuchitika ndi malipoti yoyendera ndi zikalata zina za kumalo a ntchito.

Kukhazikitsa bwino za Shewhart-Deming mkombero (PDCA) malonda ayenera kukhazikitsidwa kupereka malipoti zonse patsogolo ndi kukambirana zotsatira ndi antchito. The chida abwino pakuti ichi kumayambiriro kiyi zizindikiro ntchito KPI dzuwa, chamangidwa pa maziko a zolimbikitsa ndi kufalitsa antchito asonyeza.

Tengani Action

Chinthu lomaliza - ndi zoona, kanthu. Pakhoza kukhala zingapo zimene mungachite:

• kukhazikitsa kusintha;
• kusiya njira ngati imatsimikizirika kukhala operewera;
• kubwereza ndondomeko yonse ya PDCA-adzizungulira, koma kusintha zina zambiri.

Ngati chinachake ntchito bwino Mungathe kubwereza, yankho akhale yovomerezeka. Kuti tichite zimenezi, kusintha zoyenerana ndi zolembedwa kampani: .. malamulo Work, malangizo, ntchito checklists anayendera, mapulogalamu wantchito maphunziro, etc. Pa nthawi yomweyo ayenera kuunikira kuthekera kuyambitsa patsogolo njira zina bizinesi, amene angakhalepo mavuto ofanana.

Koma ngati anayamba utheke sikunapangitse zotsatira sikhala, m'pofunika kudziwa zifukwa kulephera, ndiyeno kubwerera ku gawo loyamba (Plan) ndipo yesani njira ina.