Business ndondomeko - ndi chiyani ichi? Kamangidwe, kayeseleledwe, kukhathamiritsa njira malonda

njira zamakono za kasamalidwe kampani ambiri kubwereka njira yachilendo ndiponso sayansi. Osati chifukwa ndi yapamwamba, koma chifukwa zili ndi kothandiza. Imodzi mwa njira zimenezi akuswa ntchito zonse chizolowezi pa zigawo pulayimale ndipo kenako mwatsatanetsatane aliyense analandira ndondomeko yantchito. Pamafunika nthawi yambiri, koma anadziŵa chiwembu zimathandiza kupeza ndi zofooka ndi maudindo chopambanitsa otupa ndi ntchito bwino. Kamodzi amacheza kasamalidwe nthawi zina kugaŵira ena maudindo ake pansi makwerero, kumasula nokha nthawi pokonza njira.

Moyo monga mwa pulani

Chinthu china ndi ndodo ya makampani zambiri sindikumvetsa tanthauzo la njirayi ndi asatambira mtima wa kasamalidwe kudziwa njira kiyi malonda. Komabe makamaka tiyenera kumvetsa mawerengeredwe ndi kufotokoza ntchito chiyambidwe cha lililonse limakhala ndi ngakhale antchito. Oipitsitsa, ngati boma la kampaniyo pali antchito amene akuphunzira kampani njira malonda. Iwo mosalekeza za chinachake chimene iwo kufunsa, ndi zinthu zina ndipo mwinamwake kusokoneza kukhazikitsa maudindo mwachindunji zinchito za onse. Kodi kuchita?

Tiyeni tiyambe kutali. M'mawa uliwonse, pamaso ambiri a ife ntchito - kubwera kwa ntchito. Pakuti njira yake ndi moyo amafunika nthawi yodzuka, kumanani ndi kutenga malo ena zoyendera (kaya ndi galimoto kapena galimoto yapansi). Kenako, aliyense chigawo lingathetsedwe pansi mu njira zing'onozing'ono: kuti kudzuka nthawi, mungakhale nacho alamu, ndipo mukhoza kufunsa munthu kudzuka inu, etc. Kaya chifukwa njira chisankho (yake kudzutsidwa) kukufika ... Komatu uka, chindapusa ndi njira ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana njira ndi zotsatira. Kwenikweni, tinafika tanthauzo loyamba.

Zimene ziri zonse muzifuna

Choncho, ndondomeko malonda - zinayendera zenizeni za zochita wophweka kuti asinthe zinthu mu kothandiza mapeto mankhwala. Mu chitsanzo cha moyo wathu pali njira zitatu zosiyana, omwe amafuna athandizira yake mudziwe patapita mpheto kumabweretsa mukufuna. Pitani ku kampaniyo. Kaya ntchito yanu aliyense kampani ntchito anatsimikiza ndi ubale akatswiri antchito: kufala kwa mudziwe, tanthauzo la kufunika kwa mankhwala, kusanthula kupanga ndi chuma, etc. Ndipo nkofunika kuona kuti zonse za pamwamba mtengo pokhapokha ngati zinthu zitatu zimapezeka ..:

- Information kuperekedwa kwa chidwi wantchito wake;

- zimenezi pa nthawi yoyenera;

- mawonekedwe imene mfundo, ndi wosavuta komanso osapita m'mbali.

Kulonga n'cigwagwa pamwamba, zikhoza amanena kuti ntchito ndondomeko - ndi nthenda zambiri, poyankha mafunso atatu awa: kumene ndipo pamene. Ndi ntchito yomwe anachita bwino ndipo mosalekeza, m'pofunika kudziwa zigawo zake. Pankhaniyi kudzakhala mwendo ntchito, kusowa wojambula kapena downtime.

Pamene zodziwika bwino ntchito ndondomeko, aliyense wogwira ntchito ikutha kukhala chofunika kwambiri. Kumbukirani kangati anadikira pamene padzakhala kuchipatala (kapena kubwerera ku tchuthi) zina mwa anzake; kulibe chanu pa foni chabe sasiya kulira, ndipo aliyense akuyesa kuti adzaone zomwe ndi momwe inu mukuchita. Ndipo ngati inu kuyankha kupempha chitsogozo ndipo anapanga kufotokoza mwachilungamo mwatsatanetsatane njira malonda, mukhoza kukulimbikitsani ndi bata ndi kumasuka, ndipo nthawi zina nkhomaliro ...

Kutembenukira ku matanthauzo chinenero ofunda, ife azenga kuti kufotokoza njira ntchito, kampani amaika zolinga izi:

• kumvetsa angamulambirire za gululi ndiponso kudziwa mphamvu ya chitukuko;
• kuzindikira mavuto panopa ndi mwayi kuwalaka;
• kukhazikitsa bwino ophunzira onse (kutukula, owerenga, makasitomala, etc ...) zolinga za dongosolo;
• zopanga zofunika kuti mapulogalamu zofunika.

Kumene, palokha, ikulongosola za njira ntchito ndi wopanda chidwi. Koma pano ndi reengineering - ntchito yaikulu. Only ndi kumvetsa kapangidwe ka ubale, ndi njira zambiri umayenda, tikhoza kulankhula za rethinking katundu zamalankhulidwe kwa ogwira ntchito ndi magulu ake payekha. Koma ziŵalo ayenera ikuchitika Pofuna kukwaniritsa ena zolinga: luso la makasitomala; kuchepetsa ndalama; kupereka mwaufulu zochita asangalatsi (kuchepetsa mawu a ntchito a ntchito) ndi zina zotero. d.

Gawo yosavuta

Nthawi zambiri, kufunika pofotokoza mfundo njira malonda limapezeka kumalo antchito omwe siaboma ndi zinchito-zochokera dongosolo. chakuti zolinga ndi zokhumba za m'madipatimenti chosiyana losemphana ndi mzake. Adzatsogolera osati kuti kuchepetsa profitability kampani, komanso imfa yake mpikisano.

Njira masiku ano kasamalidwe chikupitiriza njira m'chilengedwe. ntchito zonse imatengedwa ngati akonzedwa mwachindunji njira (omwe tichipeza chimodzi kapena zingapo ntchito pulayimale). Kuti formalize ndi standardize njira amawatenga siyana njira yotero (gulu chikuchitika mwachibale kwa phindu anawonjezera mankhwala):

• zofunika - anthu kudzera omwe kampani amalandira ndalama: kupanga malonda, kotunga;
• ulamuliro - amene anapereka zolinga za mabungwe ndi asangalatsi yeniyeni;
• thandizo - amene kupereka chuma kupanga, koma zilibe kuwonjezera phindu kwa chomaliza mankhwala: kukonzekera ndi kusankha ogwira, chithandizo cha ndalama, chitetezo malamulo, etc ...

Kupatula iwo ufulu kale za chinthu anthu ndipo anatengera chosavuta antchito atsopano, ikulongosola za njira malonda limachititsa bwino kusamalira ndalama opaleshoni ya kampani.

katundu

Tsopano zimaonekeratu kuti kampani kasamalidwe amayenera kudziwa mfundo zogwirizana uyenda, koma zikufotokoza zinthu zonse. Popeza ife tikudziwa kale kuti ndondomeko malonda - ndi mbali ya ntchito chonse, kudutsa kwa munthu wina ndi mzake (mkati wagawo wanu zinchito kapena ayi - zilibe kanthu), pite pa chakuti zonse mu dziko angakhoze umodzi. Ntchito akatswiri - ngakhale koposa choncho.

Kaya kuchuluka kwa aliyense ndondomeko malonda akhoza kutchulidwa nawo makhalidwe omwewo.

- Chiyankhulo - ichi ndi chiyambi ndi mapeto a ntchito yosavuta.

- The mwini - wogwira ntchito wa kampani, amene si zinthu zotiyenereza kuti mumagwira naye ntchito, koma nayenso akukonzekera, kusanthula, amalowerera njira; ndipo ambiri Chofunika - ndi udindo chotsatira.

- Malowedwe - uthenga mudziwe analandira mwa mtundu uliwonse analandira ogwira ntchito, amene amasankha kufunika zambiri ndi kulemba chiyambi cha ndondomekoyi.

- Tulukani - zambiri kapena gawo anavala wa mankhwala chimadyedwa kunja kwa kasitomala wojambula.

- Chithunzi - ndodo ya kampani, chinkhoswe mu ndondomeko yomweyo.

- Resources - zakuthupi kapena mfundo ntchito zomwe sasintha pa ntchito (ndipo zikungotsimikizira kusintha mfundo ndani anathandizapo chomaliza mankhwala).

- kulamulira Quality - makampani kapena mkati (anapanga ndi Company Management) zizindikiro kudziwa mphamvu ya ntchito.

Mokakamizidwa kusankha njira za chiyambidwe

Kumene, aliyense kampani ayenera kukhala kufotokoza njira ntchito. Komabe, pali milandu kuti simuchita popanda yosasangalatsa. Kodi chachikulu:

• Ntchito ya ogwira ntchito ndi makina. Pankhaniyi, ndondomeko ntchito chithunzi anamasuliridwa zofuna kasitomala mu chinenero mapulogalamu kumveka.
• Kupititsa patsogolo ntchito ya kampani. Osati kokha wamakono zida ndi njira zamakono kuthandiza bwino chomaliza mankhwala; kukhathamiritsa njira malonda amapereka mwayi kudziwa zabwino ndi zofooka za ntchito ndi kutenga yoyenera kulamulira njira.
• Chitsimikizo gulu mfundo mayiko (ISO). Adalenga zofanana kwa antchito onse a dongosolo kulamulira khalidwe.

Kodi kugonjera ikulongosola za makasitomala

Mawerengeredwe njira malonda amafuna kufotokoza wachina chilichonse. Kodi kuchita izo popanda kumva ululu uliwonse kwa bungwe? njira zitatu anatengera mu mchitidwe dziko: malemba, zachiwerewere ndi tabular.

Text kufotokoza kumafuna onse patsogolo mwa ndondomeko yosavuta ndiponso yomveka. Mawonekedwe ndi wokhutira akhoza kukhala mwina ufulu (ngati simunafike anayamba mfundo mayiko kapena makampani) ndi zikalata malamulo. Mwachitsanzo: dipatimenti malonda transmits mlandu zolembedwa nyengo mu dipatimenti kulera; anthu ogwira ntchito ku dipatimenti yoona mapulani kuchita ntchito mawunikidwe kudziwa yogawa ndi mphamvu ya kufunika kusintha kupanga; chifukwa cha dipatimenti mapulani imafalikira ku dipatimenti malonda, kumene kusanthula zimayambitsa kukula (kugwa) Sales ndi m. d.

Mawonekedwe ndondomeko ntchito chithunzi amalola kuti muzione zotsatira za ntchito mawunikidwe. Musaphwanye kukumbutsa kuti zithunzi kuzindikira mfundo bwino kwambiri. Choncho, mitundu yonse ya matchati ndi zithunzi zimatithandiza msanga kumvetsa zimene zikuchitika ndi kupeza njira yoyenera.

Pa nthawi imene ntchito yaikulu ya kukonzanso zinthu - kukhathamiritsa njira malonda, m'pofunika ntchito tabular mawonekedwe pofotokoza iwo. Ndi kosavuta kumvetsa zinayendera masitepe ndi akulowera zambiri. Mtundu mbale lili osati ikulongosola za ntchito ya mayunitsi zonse, komanso chintchito zolembedwa ukubwera ndi ochezeka, mutu (akhoza mwachindunji monga gulu lonse, ndi wantchito munthu) ndi zina zotero. D.

Kodi pofotokoza ndondomeko malonda

Sikokwanira kuchita kusanthula njira malonda. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa nkhaniyi ndi zolondola, koma pa nthawi yomweyo ndi chomasuka kulongosola. Kuyamba athandize dzina la ndondomeko limodzi. Izi zidzathandiza kuti kumvetsetsa makhalidwe ake, ntchito ndi nzeru mu unyolo wonse wa ntchito yopanga.

Ndiye mwachindunji amene mudziwe athandizira wofunikila kuphedwa moyenera ntchito, komanso mndandanda riziki gwero la. Wolembedwa ndondomeko ya ntchito yosavuta, amene ndondomeko asaphonye ndi kusaiwala chilichonse.

Mawerengeredwe njira malonda simungakhoze kuchita popanda mwini ndondomeko ndi kuwunika dongosolo lawo kukhazikitsa. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, tisaiwale pofotokoza za mawu muyezo wa ntchito ntchito ndipo lembani zikalata wotumidwa kwa kugwirizana zotsatirazi. Ngati inu wosalira kufotokoza Chioneke motero: "... pambuyo kusanthula malonda kwa nthawi dipatimenti mapulani wantchito chimadzaza anakhazikitsa mawonekedwe (tebulo), yomwe transmits ku dipatimenti malonda ..."

A chiwembu chidule cha ikulongosola za njira yopanga

Mu kulemba zokhudza ogwira ntchito zambiri akukumana ndi chakuti sindikudziwa momwe kulalatira kulankhula nkhani za ntchito yawo. Kuti njira malonda dongosolo mosapita zosanjidwa, ndipo mukhoza kulenga memo. Izi zinasonyeza mafunso ofunikira momveka bwino ndi zambiri yankho mmene ndingathere. Choncho, ndi mafunso otani?

• Kodi? Limafotokoza kuti makamaka anapangidwa opaleshoni.
• Chifukwa chiyani? Transmits ntchito chandamale.
• Pamene? Izo zimatengera amene amayamba aphedwe.
• Ndani? Zimatanthauza ojambula zithunzi zenizeni.
• Kodi? Limatchula zinthu zotiyenereza.

Business Njira Development zikusonyeza kuti mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito njira zonse kufotokoza. Choncho, iwe chiwembu kwambiri mwatsatanetsatane ntchito. Graphic chimake ati awulule ubale wa mayunitsi zinchito, ndi gome malemba, ndi kupereka zili aliyense ntchito. Mwatsoka, zokha njira malonda sizingatheke popanda nthawi yambiri ili ntchito waukuluwo.

Kodi kusonkhanitsa mudziwe

Zochita amadziwika njira zambiri momwe kupeza zofunika. Choyamba tiyenera kupenda zikalata zolimbana amene amayendetsa antchito kampani. Ndiye ayenera kukhala kuyankhulana ndi aliyense lobadwa mwachindunji kuti kufotokoza zomwe zili ntchito yake. Komanso kuti sule ndi kulongosola nkhani yovutayi, alangizi, akatswiri ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito kuyan'ana kukhazikitsa njira malonda.

Ngati njira mwatsatanetsatane kuti kuthetsa vutoli, ndondomeko malonda zokha sizikuwoneka kotero chosasangalatsa ndipo n'kopanda phindu thupi.

ntchito gulu

Ndipo komabe, ngati ntchito yaikulu ya kampani - ndondomeko malonda zokha, ndi kuwakopera kufunsira kunja kasamalidwe kampani sakufuna, kwenikweni anafunsa funso lakuti: "Pati?" Sitepe yoyamba ndi gulu ntchito antchito kampani. Ndi zofunika kuti gululi ntchito ndi yabwino luso mawunikidwe ndi luso la kumvetsera. Ndipotu, monga taonera kale, ambiri ntchito ndi kuchita kuyankhulana ndi malonda njira asangalatsi.

Kenako, muyenera kupanga chithunzi chenicheni cha kugwira ntchito kwa dongosolo. Monga kwa wamakono ntchito bizinesi komanso kubweretsa phindu kulankhula za kukonzanso changwiro ayenera kuchitika. Choncho m'pofunika kukonza dongosolo ndi mfundo otaya malangizo kumayambiriro kwa kukhathamiritsa lapansi.

Kodi mu kufotokoza

Kuti asasokonezeke ndi ambiguity chikunena za njira malonda, akatswiri kulengeza ntchito mapu ndondomeko. Izi zikalata yovomerezeka zimene zingathe kugwirizanitsa chilichonse kaya dera la chikoka cha wojambula ndi zovuta ntchito anafotokoza.

mafotokozedwe aliyense akhoza kugawidwa mu zigawo zotsatirazi:

• ndondomeko logwirizana mawonekedwe (zambiri tebulo);
• mapu ndondomeko malonda (mwina kuperekedwa kwa mtundu uliwonse - kufotokoza lemba, ndi likutipatsa kapena gome);
• zodutsa (utuluke ukubwera ndi kufalitsa mauthenga, chuma ndi ndalama);
• mawerengetsedwe njira zosiyanasiyana malonda (mogwirizana Table pakati njira zosiyanasiyana zimene chimathandiza kuonetsetsa utuluke pulayimale ndi sekondale ndi ntchito);
• flowchart (flowchart kwa ndondomeko malonda);
• mwatsatanetsatane kalembedwe mafotokozedwe;
• Kulemba (kulenga zikalata kutsimikizira ndondomeko kuphedwa);
• kudzizindikiritsa zizindikiro za ndondomeko malonda (kufufuza ntchito ndi zizindikiro, zimene akhoza lizilamuliridwa osati patsogolo, komanso khalidwe);
• malamulo (mwa kulankhula kwina, ntchito kulongosola).

zizindikiro

Monga mobwerezabwereza ananenera, ndondomeko aliyense ayenera chinachake anayeza. M'pofunika loyamba la onse kuti aone dzuwa la ogwira lonse. Nthawi zambiri, akatswiri amalangiza kuti ayese njira malonda zinthu zinayi: nthawi, ndalama, khalidwe ndi kuchuluka.

Koma ndondomeko ntchito zitsanzo zili zazikulu zosiyanasiyana. Choncho nthawi zambiri sikokwanira kuunikira yekha liwiro kuphedwa kwa ntchito; muyenera kuganizira zinthu ntchito, ndi zomangamanga ntchito. Komanso, pafupifupi onse makampani sangaonekerenso popanda sapulaya, zachuma, mmene kukumana ndi abwenzi. Iyi ndi zoyezeka zizindikiro.

Ndipo, ndithudi, tiyenera kukumbukira za wailesi ndi chinthu anthu. Kwakukulu mlingo wa maphunziro, nthawi zochepa kudzatenga kubwerezanso malangizo ndi kulowa mfundo.

Pa mtima ambiri mfundo za kusanthula structural ndi mamangidwe (SADT - Choyesera Analysis ndi Design Kadyedwe Kake) mawerengeredwe njira tsopano anaika, komanso m'zinenero algorithmic. Mukhoza kulankhula za kukhalako zitsanzo zingapo pakati njira malonda kusanthula:

- Malonda Njira Zitsanzo za Pakompyuta Zosonyeza - Ndipotu, mawerengeredwe - limasonyeza mbali zinchito za kampani kukhalako.

- Ntchito mumayenda Zitsanzo za Pakompyuta Zosonyeza - limafotokoza workflows ndipo ndi ofanana ndi kujambula flowcharts.

- Data mumayenda Zitsanzo za Pakompyuta Zosonyeza - mosiyana ndi limodzi yapita, limafotokoza mtsinje deta (zambiri); Bukuli lakonzedwa kutulutsa ndondomeko ya ntchito.

Shewhart adzizungulira, Deming

Major ntchito njira (1C limakupatsani iwo ku mndandanda general) tikulimbikitsidwa kulongosola chikalata osiyana otchedwa "Malamulo a ntchito yopanga." Zonse zochepa kwambiri chikhalidwe kapena zigwirizana ochepa ntchito yosavuta, zambiri anafotokoza mu mafotokozedwe ntchitoyo.

Pokoka malamulo ayenera kuganizira zinthu vuto la mosalekeza kusintha kwa kampani (chitsanzo Shewhart-Deming). madalitso ake amanena kuti kukhathamiritsa ndi kusintha - ndondomeko wosatha. Ie ongokhala zosankha zakayendetsedwe ka tsopano kusamala chikapitirizabe: kulera, kunyongedwa, ulamuliro, kusintha.

Mu kukafola malamulowo ayenera kuganizira mfundo zimene kuonetsetsa kugwilizana chitsanzo Shewhart-Deming:

1. The mawerengedwe a mipherezero ndi nyengo yotsatira.
2. Analysis wa mphamvu zolakwika ndi zolembedwa za zomwe ananena.
3. Khama la ntchito kukonza ndiponso tione mogwira awo.

Development chitsanzo ayenera malinga ndi malamulo malonda. Pamene ambiri amavomereza malamulo mokomera normative malamulo m'munsi mwa State imene kampaniyo umayendetsedwera. Chitsanzo chachiwiri ndicho chiyambi cha mfundo kampani amapeza.

Ndikukhazikitsa dongosolo khalidwe kasamalidwe, muyenera kusamalira chitukuko ndi harmonization njira malonda. Monga mmene taonera m'nkhani ino - si nthawi zonse ndodo kampani akumvetsa kufunika wamakono anayamba. Kubweretsa wina wogwira ntchito kufunika kwa kulenga chitsanzo bwino ndondomeko ntchito - ntchito kasamalidwe pakampanipo.

Pakuti okhazikika bwino komanso cholinga dongosolo osati wosalira ndiyotani tsopano mogwirizana ndi mayiko mfundo khalidwe ISO 9001: 2008, komanso kwambiri kusintha Mwachangu wa wolembedwa ntchito aliyense.

Ziŵirizo kutsogolera kampaniyo kuwonjezera mpikisano wa msika, amene nawonso, kumakhudza opindulitsa onse ndalama ndi makasitomala.