Pelagic nsomba. Mitundu ndi kufotokozera

Mawu akuti "pelagic nsomba" linachokera ku malo omwe amakhala. Kudera limeneli m'dera la nyanja, kapena nyanja, zomwe si kuzungulira padziko pansi.

Pelageal - ndichiyani?

Kuchokera Greek "pelagic" kutanthauziridwa monga "nyanja", ndiye malo a nekton ndi zomera pleuston. Conventionally zone pelagic lagawidwa zigawo zingapo:

• epipelagic - ili pa akuya mamita 200;
• mezopelagial - kuti akuya mamita 1000;
• batipelagial - mpaka mamita 4000;
• mamita oposa 4000 - abisopelagial.

Pelagic nsomba: Kufotokozera

Izi moyo m'madzi, mbali khalidwe lomwe ndi dera la malo - pelagic m'deralo. Pali mitundu iwiri ya nsomba pelagic: nyanja komanso zikuluzikulu. Choyamba zatenga madzi osaya, pamene akulowa dzuwa, ndi wachiwiri ambiri anachita mu zigawo zakuya, nthawi kusambira mu zone ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja, makamaka kwa spawning.

Makamaka pelagic nsomba anasonyeza kuti kwambiri osambira. Thupi looneka kapena fusiform zimawathandiza mofulumira kudula misa wandiweyani madzi, pamene kukhala mkulu liwiro. Makulidwe nsomba pelagic osiyanasiyana monga yaing'ono (hering'i, saury ndi hering'i) zolusa chimphona nsombazo zikuluzikulu ndi tunas. Pelagic zambiri nsomba kupanga sukulu lalikulu, nthawi zina kufika matani oposa chikwi, koma pali anthu amene amakonda malo umodzi.

mitundu Popular

Waukulu nsomba kupha nsomba ndi pelagika. Chimachititsa 65-75% ya nsomba okwana. Popeza chachikulu zachilengedwe malo, ndi kupezeka kwa nsomba pelagic - ichi ndi mawonekedwe kwambiri yotchipa wa nsomba. Komabe, izi sikungawononge kukoma ndi opindulitsa. The udindo waukulu wotanganidwa ndi malonda nsomba pelagic nsomba ya Black Sea, Kumpoto, ndi Marmara, ndi Baltic ndi nyanja ku North Atlantic ndi Pacific. Zikuphatikizapo smelt (capelin), anchovy, hering'i, hering'i, carangidae, m'nyanja zikuluzikulu (whiting), Scombridae.

Mwina nsomba ambiri ndi otchuka imatengedwa hering'i. Kwenikweni iye akukhala mu zone pelagic mwa nyanja ya North Atlantic, Nyanja Barents ndi North. Pali magulu anayi a hering'i: spawning, prespawning lalikulu, mafuta ndi hering'i yaing'ono. The mankhwala chidali ndi mafuta hering'i. Ndipotu, ndi mosavuta amenable kuti kuteteza ndi bwino prosalivaetsya.

lachiwiri mu kutchuka pakati ogula zimatengera nsomba ya makerele. Nsomba zimenezi wa Perciformes ndipo ambiri mu Baltic, Black Sea ndi Nyanja ya Marmara. Wapakati kutalika kwa nsomba ya makerele - 30-35 masentimita. Ena toyesa munthu akhoza kufika kutalika 60 masentimita. Mtundu nsomba ya makerele imvi wobiriwira ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha mikwingwirima wakuda anakonza pa backrest lapansi. Iwo oyenereradi kupanga zakudya zamzitini, ozizira kusuta mankhwala, komanso nsomba ndi provesnoy Balykov.

Wachitatu mtundu wamba pelagic nsomba ndi kukolola, monga capelin ndi hering'i. Capelin - izo smelt, Arctic nsomba, kudya nkhanu ndi zomera. m'litali ndi kawirikawiri kuposa 20 masentimita. Nsomba kusukulu amakhala zigawo chapamwamba pafupifupi krugopolyarno. Ntchito ngati sprat, kuzifutsa ndiponso kusuta mu mawonekedwe, komanso mpweya ANACHIRITSA ndi wouma.

Sprat makamaka populates ya Baltic Sea. Kunja, ndi zofanana kwambiri ndi Atlantic hering'i, koma ali aang'ono kukula zomwe ranges ku 20 masentimita. Baltic hering'i ali ndi thupi elongated ndi azioneka silvery. Kukhazikitsa nsomba mu mawonekedwe mazira, monga theka anasunga ndi osungidwa ndi chimake m'firiji.

kulawa makhalidwe

Pelagic nsomba kalekale wotchuka chifukwa chakuti mu kapangidwe kake ndi okhutira mkulu wa mafuta, oposa 20%. Mitundu ina ya herrings ali wolemera mu mavitamini B12, A, D, ayodini ndi kwa amino zidulo, aphatikizidwa mapuloteni zikuchokera hering'i lapansi. maphunziro Scientific asonyeza kuti kukhalapo kwa hering'i mu chakudya amachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a dongosolo mtima. Nsomba fillet ali ndi zotanuka, zofewa wandiweyani kapangidwe ndi kukoma osangalatsa kwambiri.

nsomba kusuta Scombridae amasiyana wofatsa, wosakhwima kukoma, ndi yokazinga kapena nyama yophika amakhala ndi kugwirizana youma. Nsomba ya makerele lili zambiri zothandiza kufufuza zinthu, monga phosphorous, manganese, nthaka ndi mavitamini B

Smelt nsomba pelagic mosavuta digested ndiponso ali pafupifupi 20% mapuloteni. Iwo ali olemera mu amino zidulo, mapuloteni, calcium, chotero chinthu chofunika monga selenium. Smelt nsomba nyama ndi zofewa ndi wachifundo, kuti amawapatsa wapadera kununkhira.