Petroglyph - ndi chiyani ichi?

Anthu nthawi zonse mukufuna kunena maganizo awo ndi zokumana ndi kale kuoneka kulemba, iwo anapeza njira yapadera kuuza mmene amaonera mothandizidwa ndi luso thanthwe, lomwe ndi lenileni pofukula zipilala. phindu sayansi kuphunzira chikhalidwe chauzimu cha Neolithic ndi Mkuwa Age ndi yofunika kwambiri.

mbiri izi, anaphwanyidwadi ndi wakale ojambula zithunzi mwala ndi zitsulo zipangizo, pa mayiko onse a dziko lathuli. Ndipo monga asayansi, m'mayiko 120, pali za miliyoni 35 zidutswa osiyana kumanzere kwa mibadwo ya m'tsogolo.

katswiri thanthwe

Petroglyph - chithunzi losema mwala, ndi phunziro chithunzi kungakhale yosiyana. Kulikonse, kumene anthu akale ankakhalira, iwo ndi thanthwe katswiri, amene amaonedwa kukhala particles wa chikhalidwe cha wosazindikira mafuko. Zithunzi oyambirira anali atanyamula tanthauzo matsenga, nakocheza kusangalatsa mizimu nsomba kapena kusaka. miyala okhala nyama, kenako anayamba kuoneka pa maphunziro a anthu.

Zizindikiro mu mawonekedwe a bwalo kapena funde zambiri ntchito kulenga kalendala. M'kupita kwa nthawi, kulemba anayamba kuoneka pa mwambo cholinga nyumba mwala, menhirs ndi dolmens, ndipo iwo anali ndi tanthauzo wopatulika.

Rock zojambula monga chinyezimiro cha mtima wa munthu wakale

Malinga ndi asayansi, petroglyph - nkhani ya munthu woganiza, motero kusonyeza masomphenya awo a dziko. Tanthauzo la zimakwana ankanyamula tanthauzo lapadera chithunzicho, mwakhama zokhala fano mathanthwe ndi kupukuta onse malo lamamatira. The katswiri amakezana ziboliboli zambiri kaso ndi mosamala kukopedwa, ndipo kenako palibe kusiyana compositional ungwiro ndipo ndithu mwamwano anakumana. Akatswiriwo amakhulupirira kuti zizindikiro anaonekera osati ndi tanthauzo, ndipo pambuyo pepala kupangidwa, kufunika kusema zolemba mbisoweka.

Choncho tikhoza kunena kuti petroglyph - uwu si chithunzi m'makhalidwe ndi chikumbu zobwezerezedwanso wa wosazindikira mwamuna dziko chimakhudzana ndi mpatuko, ndi dongosolo la miyambo ndi zikhulupiriro.

kutsegula akupitiriza

N'zosadabwitsa kuti mwambo ntchito ziboliboli wakale kuwuka mu madera osiyana a dziko lonse palokha, ndipo aliyense malo yakale kusiyana unsembe wa ntchito ndipo zili za chifanocho.

Atulukira asayansi zikupitirirabe tsopano. Akukhulupirira kuti wamkulu pa zojambula dziko opezeka Australia, ndipo m'badwo wawo kuposa zaka 40 chikwi.

Karelian chifaniziro

Imodzi mwa ntchito yofunikira kwambiri tanthauzo lonse, anazindikira ziboliboli opezeka Karelia. Rock m'mbale analenga zaka zikwi zisanu ndi chimodzi zapitazo, ndi wotchuka kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri akulimbana for International Studies. The wakale luso wosazindikira anthu amakopeka ambiri alendo, zomwe bungwe maulendo sayansi.

ziboliboli undeciphered

Akatswiri ikutchedwa ziboliboli za Karelia "Baibulo la zaka mwala" chifukwa kufunika chikhalidwe dziko ndi mwayi wamtengo wapatali. Ziwerengero amasiyana kuti sali pa khoma ofukula, kwenikweni pansi pa mapazi a alendo. Mwatsoka, zizindikiro zambiri, chosema ndi ndiAmene akale, sizinachitike kuwerenga lero. Kenako zithunzi bwino kwa anthu ndi nyama azikhala zilembo zachilendo, zambiri zofanana ndi ndegeyo. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti mwa zojambula lili tanthauzo lakuya: choyamba, zilembo kuonekera mu malingaliro a anthu, ndi pamenepo pokha - pathanthwe. Iwo anagogoda mu IV-III zaka BC.

Zovuta zofukula m'mabwinja za White Sea

"Belomorsk ziboliboli" - dzina la zovuta pofukula, limene lili ndi zojambula, komanso malo a anthu akale. Zikwi ziwiri zithunzi zili pa zilumba za Great Malinin Shoyrukshin, Erpin Pudas, koma mwina chidwi kwambiri amaonedwa katswiri wa Chipangano Chakale ndi Chatsopano Zalavruga. Kusaka dongosolo wosazindikira nyengo kusirira talente wapadera aluso wakale. Pamaso zithunzi limaonetseratu kusaka, kufika kukula mamita oposa 2.5, amaundana alendo mkwatulo. Mwa njira, apa mutha kuona Chithunzi cha munthu akuthamanga pa zipangizo.

Ziwerengero zili wosangalatsa

ziboliboli Onega ili mu Pudozh m'dera m'mphepete mwa nyanja Onega, ndi ogwirizana zikuchokera lonse. About 1200 zithunzi kuoneka bwino bwino ndi maziko a osewera a Red phompho, koma pali ena amene ali inamera ndere, nakawapeza bwino nthawi yoyamba si kophweka.

manambalawo kusiyana kwambiri ku White Sea chifukwa chakuti ali odzazidwa ndi okhutira wosangalatsa. Mwachitsanzo, pa mphuno Cape Mdyerekezi Tingaone chithunzi zachilendo wamtali ndi nkhope ya nyama ndi kufalitsa-eagled pansi. Amaona kuti makolo athu zinasonyeza "mdierekezi." Pafupi muli zithunzi za buluzi, ndi burbot, amene pamodzi zimapanga otchedwa wa ku.

Am'deralo kuti kalekale za zithunzi, koma iwo ankaganiza kuti iwo anali oipa. Mumadziwika nkhani ya agulupa ya agulupa ya Murom, amene anayesa kutulutsa chiwanda ku ntchito za anthu akale, amene iwo anagogoda pa mitanda pa Zojambula pathanthwe.

Mpingo wosazindikira

zithunzi m'nthano anatsala makolo athu, kuphunzira ndi asayansi padziko lonse lapansi, kuulula kuti iwo akuona weniweni wosazindikira kachisi pomwe iconostasis anali lubwe miyala.

Mwatsoka, kanjedza onse yatsikira kwa ife mu chikhalidwe chake chapachiyambi. ziboliboli Onega, ndasambitsa ndi madzi, achotsa pa nthawi, lichens ndi ndere kuwononga mafano wapadera, ambiri mdima ndi ophatikizidwa ndi mtundu wa miyala, kotero kuwapeza tsopano sizingatheke.

zithunzi moyo

Komabe, pali zambiri bwino anasunga katswiri wa luso thanthwe, ndipo zikumveka mafano zimadalira kuyatsa lapansi. dzuŵa kusewera m'mawa kwathunthu kusintha ziboliboli za Karelia, ndipo zikuoneka kuti zizindikiro anatsala makolo athu, ndi moyo pamaso pathu. Kupita zithunzi - izi ndi chowonetsedwa wapadera, umene pano mofulumira, alendo chidwi chikhalidwe.

Tikhoza kunena kuti petroglyph - si mbiri zofunika chinthu, komanso chipilala luso, zimene zimathandiza kuwerenga buku mwala wapadera ndi kukhudza m'mbiri yakale. Losema pa fano thanthwe akhoza kukuuzani zambiri za moyo wa makolo lakutali, ndipo n'zotheka kuti sakhala patali atulukira watsopano.