Likulu loyambirira la Japan. Mbiri ya Great Ufumu Japanese

Aliyense akudziwa kuti ano likulu la Japan - Tokyo. Komabe, sikuti aliyense amadziwa izo ankatchedwa likulu loyamba. Ife amati kukonza ulendo pang'ono mu mbiriyakale ndi kupeza chimene chinali dziko la dzuwa likutuluka zaka zambiri zapitazo.

Nara (Japan) pa map - chabe mfundo zazing'ono. Komabe, phindu zinalili kale kwambiri. Lero ndi yaing'ono Japanese mzinda ili mu dera Kansai. anthu ake ali pafupi 365 zikwi. Man. Komabe, izi si mzinda. Nara - likulu loyambirira la Japan. Dzinali kale Heydzo-kou. Likulu loyambirira la Japan inamangidwa, monga kwambiri mu dziko lino mu magawo oyambirira a chitukuko cha boma, mu m'chifaniziro cha Chang'an, likulu la China panthawiyo. Chitukuko cha China wakale zinakhudza kwambiri mapangidwe chipembedzo, mabuku ndi boma la dzuwa likutuluka. Kwambiri anatengera Japan ake. Pa mapu a dziko lapansi, limati awa moyandikana, kotero musadabwe.

Golden Buddha ndi chizindikiro cha Nara. Likulu loyambirira la Japan anakhazikitsidwa mu 710. Komabe, pamaso pa Nara ambiri akachisi M'buda, komanso amene amadza chifukwa chachikulu pa moyo wa mzinda wa Amonke anali kuopseza boma. Choncho, waganiza kupeza likulu latsopano. Mu 784, iye anagwidwa pa nthawi Nagaoka, ndiyeno Kyoto.

Nkhani likulu Japanese

Nkhani likulu Japanese zovuta kwambiri ndi zovuta chinthu. magwero Official mwachindunji nthawi kapena kuti mzindawo unali likulu. Komabe, ngakhale izi, izo mobwereza anasamutsidwa. Ngakhale Nara nyengo, iye anagwidwa zaka 740-44. mu Kuni-Kou (lero Kamo). Mu 745, likulu anali mumzinda wina - Naniwa-Kou (lero Osaka). Pambuyo pake, linadzazanso likulu la Nara.

Nara nthawi

Choncho ndi nthawi ya mu mbiri Japanese, pamene likulu unali mzinda wa Nara (kuchokera 710 794 chaka). Makamaka ake - inapita Sinification anthu, chikhalidwe ukuyenda, makamaka ndakatulo ndi Chibuda, chilengedwe cha woyamba mbiri Japanese mbiri.

Mpaka m'ma 8 Japanese otchedwa chikhalidwe chawo katundu wa Yamato. Komabe, mu 702, nthawi yoyamba panali malo dzina "Nihon". Anapita China Avata-koma Mahito, kazembe Japanese, dzina lake monga dziko lake. Pamaso pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Taiho (waukulu malamulo Code) mu chaka 701 unali mwambo, pambuyo pa imfa ya mfumu likulu adagwidwa kuti dziko latsopano. M'zaka za m'ma 8 anayamba kusintha kwa anthu Japanese. ulamuliro centralized, ali wogwira mtima utsogoleri zida analengedwa. Chifukwa, adalunzanitsidwa onse Japan. Zonsezi zinkafuna chilengedwe cha malo lalikulu kuthetsedwa. Likulu yoyamba 710, ndipo inasandulika chilikati cha ichi.

Nara anali quadrangle, amene unagawidwa lamanzere ndi lamanja "likulu." Komanso, mumzinda lidagawikana mu ambiri m'madera ang'onoang'ono. nyumba aboma ankaganiza mu dera la kumpoto Nara. Palinso nyumba ya mfumu. Chapakati mzinda msewu linkadziwika kuti "Red Phoenix Street", linayambira ku izo. Iye anafikira chipata chachikulu, yomwe ili kum'mwera.

Chiwerengero cha Japan pa nthawi Nara

nthawi Nara yaponistike ankamuona ngati kupitiriza kusintha kwa mudayamba m'ma 7. Iwo akhala akusonkhana ndi ngongole ndi zinachitikira civilizational la China. Chiwerengero cha boma, malinga ndi kafukufuku ofufuza za Russian pafupifupi 6 miliyoni anthu. Ufumu wa Japan pa nthawi iyi anali kale boma centralized. Anthu anali m'magulu 2: romin (anthu abwino) ndi cheonmin (anthu sneaky). Akuluakulu a gulu loyamba (iwo anali ochepa a Japan pa nthawi), komanso mfulu kudzanso ndi amisiri ankadalira pabwalo. alonda anali cheonmin manda inasanduka akapolo olakwa ndi mabanja awo, eniake akapolo. akalonga onse, malinga ndi zizindikiro za mlandu wa m'ma 7 Japan, ogaŵikana zigawo ndi matauni aakulu. Malo awo ali amodzi dongosolo 9 tithe. Iwonso akuzilekanitsa mu junior ndi udindo achikulire. Kuposa malo apamwamba mu dongosolo yapangitsa kuti boma apamwamba malipiro iye anali ndi udindo ndi ubwino.

boma Economy

Chuma cha nthawi iyi anali boma anakonza. The misewu zikubweretsa likulu, mazikowo kwa deta zosavuta msonkho. Ndiyamika pake, anayamba yogwira kukula kwa Japan. Pa bwalo la zinapangidwa siliva ndi mkuwa ndalama. M'chaka choyamba, 708 zinali ndalama Japanese. Ndalamazo zimagwiritsa ntchito kulipira malipilo a wogwila ntchito ndi akuluakulu. Mtokoma wa Japanese anali kulongosola za kufalitsidwa chofunika ndalama. 90% ya anthu amenewa anali alimi ufulu. khalidwe Natural ankavala chuma.

Chilengedwe ndi wotukuka wa Buddhism Art

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa nthawi iyi ndi chilengedwe cha Chibuda. mfundo Mfumu Shomu chinathandiza ichi. Iyeyo anatembenukira kwa Chibuda, omwe anatchedwa "mtetezi" wa dziko, mu kulankhula kwina, amatanthauziridwa kuti chipembedzo cha boma. Nara nyengo - izi ndi nyengo ya kuyanga zaluso zimene anaona pa nthawi ya ufumu wa Japan. Lero kwambiri ntchito za luso zisungidwe Shosoin (Imperial zapamwamba), yomwe ili m'malire a Todai-ji Temple. Pakati pawo mungapeze zinthu India ndi Persia, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti Japanese akale anaphatikizidwa malonda.

nthawi pamene Nara unali likulu la dziko lonse, anali ndi nthawi yapadera pa mbiri ya Japan ku mawonedwe patsogolo luso ndi mamangidwe. Chifukwa cha ichi chinali yaikulu padziko lonse kuphana ndi Korea ndi China. Chifukwa cha chikhalidwe ndi ndale ku Japan pa nthawi yomweyo kale anapanga zokwanira kukhala khalidwe zomwe ake. tiakachisi ndiponso akachisi ambiri a nthawi ndipo masiku ano ku likulu loyamba, nabwerera kwa zaka 1,300, kumva zinkakhalira zaka.

anthu Nara mu pachimake

Akukhulupirira kuti heyday mzinda wa Nara anali ambiri. Pali anthu pafupifupi 100 zikwi. Nara anali zogona Schomu (Sema), ndi 45 limasonyeza mfumu ya Japan. Iye anali woyamba amene anatenga wamba monga mkazi wake. Komanso, likulu loyambirira la Japan unali likulu ndale ndi utsogoleri ndi akuluakulu ambiri. Zinali pano, malinga ndi nthano zakale, wotsikayo kuchokera kumwamba atakwera mbawala Jimmy, mfumu yoyamba ya Japan. Choncho, dziko, ndipo makamaka mu likulu lake loyamba, agwape ndi zinyama wopatulika, amene cholinga poteteza mzindawu ndi boma.

Nara tsoka pambuyo posamutsa likulu

Pambuyo Nara unasiya kukhala likulu, chitukuko kwa nthawi yaitali chaleka. Ambiri zipilala kamangidwe ka mzinda pa nkhondo zapachiweniweni, amene amayambira ku Japan inatenga nthawi yaitali, zawonongedwa, chifukwa ambiri a nyumba za nthawi kuti zinamangidwa nkhuni. zaulimi anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito likulu loyambirira la dziko lapansi. Kamodzi mzinda otchuka anafika amaima amphumphu. Komabe, otchuka akachisi patapita zaka anakaniza. Anakhalanso likulu la Nara tiakachisi Japanese ndi akachisi.

Kubwezeretsa mzinda

Bwezerani sizinali zophweka - zipilala ambiri zinawonongedwa. Ndipo kuti recreate Suzakumon zipata otchuka ofiira Phoenix, kachisi chachikulu Nara, analibe ngakhale mfundo zofunika. Iwo sankadziwika zina za mmene iwo anayang'ana. Choncho, kukhazikitsanso chitachitidwa pamaziko a zanyengo anapanga chifukwa cha ntchito yomanga, sanjira ndi kusanthula kutalika pakati pa makoma ndi makombo kuti amatha kudziwa. Mu 1998, chipata anali ankamangidwanso. Lero ndi zazikulu nyumba kutalika kwa 25 m. Iwo anamanga simenti ndi paini. Pamene reconstructing iwo nkhani vuto seismological m'derali, komanso njira yeniyeni ntchito, moti cholinga kuima zaka 500.

minda Nara

Pamaziko a zofukulidwa analephera angakwanitse ndi minda, kubwezeretsa maonekedwe wakale wa m'deralo. Mu Nara zaka chikwi, oletsa kudula nkhalango unali pa phiri lopatulika Kasugayama. Ndipo lero iwo amaonedwa pristine. Iwo kukula mkungudza Japanese ndi nkhalango mumakhala nyama ambiri osowa. Iwo okha zachilengedwe ofunika kwambiri. Ndi zachilendo kwambiri kuti nkhalango izi wakale umakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi mzindawo. Iwo ali ndi malo ofunika kwa maulendo alendo. nkhalango zinthu zimenezi momasuka ndi tsiku. Amalima 175 mitundu ya mitengo, 598 mitundu ya maluwa, mitundu 60 ya nyama ndi mbalame ndi mitundu 1180 tizilombo.

Nara lero

Likulu wakale wa Nara lero malo otchuka kwa zokopa alendo Japanese. Tours kuno kwa chaka chomaliza cha magulu sukulu ndi sukulu ya mkaka ali otchuka kwambiri. Kwa apaulendo yachilendo, pali maulendo, masamu monga ulamuliro pa tsiku limodzi. Ngati mukufuna kukhala kuno kwa nthawi yotalikirapo, muyenera kusamalira zosungitsa hotelo wawo mu mzinda uno kwambiri. The womwe kale unali likulu la Japan - amodzi mwa malo abwino kumene mukhoza amasirira maluwa masika chitumbuwa ndi yophukira kusunga kukongola mimidzhi masamba.