Phindu la zomera mu moyo wa munthu ndi mu chirengedwe. Udindo wa zomera mu chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa anthu

Zomera kudyetsa ife, zovala, ofunda, mmaso kusonkhanitsa chipinda, bouquets ndi nyimbo zamaluwa. Mitundu amapanga chokongoletsera wobiriwira a dziko lathuli, amatha kupanga mankhwala organic ndi kutulutsidwa kwa oxygen a Dziko Lapansi. Great phindu la zomera mu moyo wa munthu, mu chilengedwe, ntchito zachuma cha anthu. Malangizo waukulu kugwiritsa ntchito ndi udindo chidziwitso cha gulu la zamoyo.

Green chozizwitsa cha chilengedwe

Zomera angapezeke kulikonse: m'nkhalango, munda, pansi pa nyanja, dontho la madzi pamwamba pa phiri. Pakati pa gulu ili la zinthu zamoyo kuima zamoyo unicellular ndi multicellular. The sayansi kuti amaphunzira zomera, dongosolo lawo, kugawa, ndi taxonomy - zomera. Mndandanda wa mitundu yonse chomera zimapezeka dera - ndi zomera.

Pali mitundu itatu ya moyo. Iwo amasiyana maonekedwe: mitengo, zitsamba ndi zitsamba. Osiyana moyo amayembekezeka ndi khalidwe la annuals, biennials ndi perennials. Pali mu dziko gulu lalikulu la zamoyo n'ngopatsirana kupanga - ndi algae, ndere, kalabu ndere, Mumapezekanso. Kuti mbewu ndi gymnosperms, ndi maluwa. zomera ntchito mwa munthu kuyambira nthawi makedzana.

Russian wasayansi K. A. Timiryazev analemba kuti maselo wobiriwira zinthu monga "Prometheus, amene anaba moto kuchokera kumwamba." Ngati kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi kokhazikika mphamvu kwaiye zinthu organic ndi zomera. Timiryazev, amene anaphunzira wotchedwa chlorophyll ndi udindo wa zomera mu chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa anthu, wotchedwa okhala wobiriwira a dziko lapansi, "nkhoswe pakati pa kumwamba ndi dziko lapansi." Scientific zimatanthauza ndondomeko ya dongosolo lomenyera maselo wobiriwira shuga ndi wowuma - photosynthesis. liwu lachigiriki amatanthauza "pawiri wa kuunika" ndipo amatanthauza kuti njira yeniyeni ya kudya - autotrophic. Zamoyo-autotrophs kulengedwa kuchokera mankhwala inorganics organic ntchito kuwala mphamvu (dzuwa kapena yokumba kuunikira). Anthu ndi nyama ndinazolowera ndondomeko oterowo Choncho, muyenera zomera.

timapuma

Mizu kuyamwa madzi nthaka ndi mchere salt kudzera mabowo tosaoneka mu masamba, amalimbikitsa mpweya woipa wa. Izi zinthu zochita kupanga chifukwa cha zochita mankhwala photosynthesis, ndi mbali ya shuga ndi wowuma. Dongosololi zinachititsa kuti kufunika kupitiriza zomera mu chikhalidwe ndi moyo. Photosynthesis zomwenso akuganizira chiwembu 6SO ₂ + 6H ₂ O → C ₆ H ₁₂ O ₆ + ₂ 6D. Padzakhala zomera ndi zochita zina mankhwala kuti apange zinthu zosiyanasiyana (wowuma, mapadi, mapuloteni, mafuta, lignin, mavitamini, resins ndi ena ambiri). Iwo atengeka ndi zomera ndi zofunika zakudya ndi mankhwala anthu, abwenzi ake anayi-miyendo - nyama.

Udindo wa zomera mu chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa anthu

okhalapo Autotrophic ndi wofunika zamoyo zonse padziko lapansi. Mtengo wa zomera anatsimikiza ndi makhalidwe kutsatira njira mankhwala maselo wobiriwira:

• kotunga njira imene mphamvu odzipereka ntchito zochita za kuunika;
• kusankha mpweya wofunikila kupuma anthu, nyama ndi zomera okha;
• mapangidwe zinthu organic;
• kutengedwa wa carbon dioxide, okhutira aakulu omwe ndi zoipa kwa anthu ndi nyama.

Padziko Lapansi, pali nzeru komanso zinthu mphamvu mu madera osankhidwa ndi padziko lonse. Pali lalifupi ndi lalitali unyolo chakudya, iwo apanga mains:

• nkhalango udzu → kalulu → Fox;
• timadzi tokoma ndi mungu wa maluwa njuchi → → pern (nkhuku);
• Clover ng'ombe → → munthu.

Mtengo wa zomera zobiriwira mu chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa anthu - nawo circulations madzi, mpweya, asafe, mpweya woipa ndi mankhwala ena. Mwachitsanzo, multicellular zamoyo sangathe kuphunzira mamolekyulu asafe kwa mpweya ndi nthaka. Mchitidwe chofunika kulenga mapuloteni - lalikulu "chuma nyumba" ndi michere.

Pa mizu ya tinatake tozungulira legume anapanga ongokhala mabakiteriya asafe-chikukonzekera. Iwo kuyamwa asafe munali mu mlengalenga, nadzaza voids mu nthaka, izo n'kukhala mankhwala kupezeka kwa zomera leguminous. Izi kudalirana - zothandiza mgwirizano wa okhalapo osiyana moyo. Pamene zomera kufa, nthaka limayenda ndi mankhwala asafe, iwo akhoza kutengera ndi mizu wamoyo. Pakuti munthu nyemba - gwero lofunika mapuloteni. Mu ulimi, iwo ntchito ngati manyowa wobiriwira.

zomera Green ndi zikuchokera mpweya

Phindu la zomera mu chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa anthu osiyanasiyana kwambiri. Choncho, photosynthesis, asafe fixation ndi transpiration (amasulidwe masamba nthunzi ya madzi) zimakhudza zikuchokera mlengalenga. Evaporation wa thupi wobiriwira kuthandiza kudziteteza ku kutenthedwa. Ndiyamika zomera, mpweya wabwino, woyera, ozizira komanso lonyowa:

• maselo wobiriwira kuyamwa kuwala ndi mumlengalenga wa carbon dioxide ndi kumasula mpweya;
• tsamba transpiration amatha zonse nthunzi ya madzi zili mu mlengalenga yozungulira;
• Chipinda kusunga fumbi, mwaye ndi Mankhwala oipitsa ena amene angawononge anthu;
• oyaka allocated masamba ingafooketse tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a.

Chidziwitso tanthauzo la zomera mu moyo wa munthu

Malasha zotsalira za spores, mungu, zipsera masamba ndi nkhuni mantha kulola asayansi kuti adzaone zomwe chinali chikhalidwe zaka mamiliyoni ambiri zapitazo, kudzatunga mfundo za kusintha moyo padziko lapansi. Malinga ndi mphete pachaka nkhuni Tingaone pa nyengo kwa zaka zambiri. Pali zomera, barometers, iwo pachimake pa tsiku dzuwa ndi maluwa pafupi nyengo zoipa. Pa masamba calla, basamu kukaonekera pamaso pa m'malovu mvula madzi. Zimagwidwa kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito oimira zatsopano za nthambi zosiyanasiyana za sayansi. Mwachitsanzo, zachilengedwe, kuphunzira zikuchokera mankhwala a maselo zimakhala adzaweruzidwa kuipitsidwa chilengedwe.

Zomera kutumikira monga mfundo kuswana zomera, kuphunzira njira za kufala kwa mudziwe cholowa. Pali milandu chidwi, pamene zomera ndi mosadziwa ntchito mu zatsopano ndi apeza zinthu zofunika. Mwachitsanzo, ku England Robert Boyle mwangozi anapeza zizindikiro mankhwala inagwetsa zikhale violets mu mbiya ndi. Zomera kutumikira monga zinachitika kwa chilengedwe cha zipangizo zovuta zina, kusonkhezera nyumba (bionics).

Zomera ndi Makampani

maselo Green zinthu monga mabatire dzuwa. Iwo kusungidwa mu nsinga mankhwala mamolekyulu organic. Nkhalango kuti kuphimba dziko mu lakutali nyengo miyala, ndakupatsani pakhale miyala ya malasha. Malasha mankhwala a dzuwa mulinso mafuta, peat, gasi, mafuta shale.

Bzalani zosiyanasiyana, kufunika zomera mu moyo wa munthu kugwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mu chakudya, matabwa mankhwala, zamkati ndi pepala, nsalu, mankhwala ndi mafakitale ena. kudula mitengo mankhwala - lofunika zopangira kwa kupanga mipando, zomangamanga, mowa hydrolytic, camphor ndi zinthu zina. Malinga ndi ziwerengero ndiwofatsa, anthu amadziwa 20 chikwi. Ntchito ya nkhuni. Amakezana - moto kupanga kutentha, yomanga nyumba, mipanda, ulimi wa pepala.

feedstocks n'zofunika mbewu fibrous (Thonje, fulakesi, jute, hemp, etc.). Gwero la mphira zachilengedwe ndi otentha mtengo Hevea. Mafuta, mafuta odzola opanda zomera zonunkhira.

Agriculture ndi munda

Phindu la zomera mu moyo wa munthu kugwirizana ndi ntchito ya chakudya, chifukwa chakudya, ulemerero wa midzi ndi maofesi. Magulu otsatirawa olekanitsidwa ndi mitundu ya ntchito zaulimi:

• dzinthu (tirigu, mpunga, balere, rye, chimanga ndi zina);
• nyemba (nandolo, soya, nyemba);
• zipatso (apulo, chitumbuwa, currant, rasipiberi, etc.);
• sweeteners (nzimbe, shuga Beet);
• masamba (tomato, nkhaka, tsabola, etc.);
• oilseeds (mpendadzuwa, kugwiririra, fulakesi);
• kukongoletsa (Lilac, duwa, chrysanthemum, aster, etc.).

Mbewu ndi nyemba

zakudya mtengo wa zomera mu moyo wa munthu sitingalephere kukambapo. Asayansi amati za 2/3 ya chakudya cha anthu m'mayiko osiyanasiyana amapanga mankhwala azitsamba. Ndi zinthu zofunikira monga mapuloteni, chakudya, mafuta, mavitamini, organic zidulo.

Zimagwidwa kudya mwatsopano kapena kukonzedwa lonse kapena mbali chabe zace. A ndende kwambiri zakudya taonera dzinthu. Ndi mosalekeza gwero la chakudya, mapuloteni ndi mafuta. Kuyambira mbewu kutenga ufa wophikira nsima mankhwala ophika buledi, kutulutsa pasitala ndi monga chimanga mankhwala. Amtengo pophikira ndi mbewu zakudya zomera leguminous.

Masamba, zipatso ndi shuga mbewu

Zomera kudziunjikira mankhwala organic mu malo mu chipatso, mababu ndi zikhawo, osachepera - mu zimayambira, masamba ndi rhizomes. Ubwino zomera ndi zakudya anthu ndi chimafotokozera ya mankhwala kuti zasungidwa mu magawo yowutsa mudyo. madzi ambiri selo ndi mavitamini ndi zina kusungunuka ali chipatso, mababu, tubers ndi masamba, masamba, mitengo ya zipatso ndi mbewu mabulosi.

Pa kuphika wawononga zina za mankhwala wapatali, monga mavitamini. Ndicho chifukwa dietitians amalangiza kudya zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Pali magulu a anthu, kwathunthu kugwiritsa kudzala chakudya - zamasamba ndi vegans.

Phindu la zomera mu moyo wa munthu ndi kuchuluka vitamini akonzedwa. Zipatso, masamba, mizu ndi mbewu muli kugwirizana zambiri zofunika. Ambiri mwa mavitamini mu zomera za magulu A, B, C, E, ndipo K. Awa ndi zinthu zonse kagayidwe mu thupi zobiriwira, komanso mu thupi la munthu, nyama. Popeza kapena kusowa catalysts kwachilengedwenso kumayambitsa matenda. Mwachitsanzo, losowa vitamini C, amene ali olemera mu masamba atsopano ndi zipatso, kuchititsa kuwonongeka m'kamwa ndi kuzungulira thupi - chiseyeye. Kuthana ndi hypo ndi vitamini zovuta, Nkwapafupi kupewa zinthu izi osafunika kudya mankhwala atsopano masamba.

Kulima kuti kudziunjikira mu kwambiri kuchuluka kwa matupi wokoma madzi; iwo ankaganiza, chamunthuyo ndi shuga. zidulo mafuta a mbewu ndi zipatso ndi zofunika monga zigawo zikuluzikulu mafuta edible. Vinyo, mowa, tiyi, khofi, koko ndi madzi zipatso analandira zipatso, zipatso, masamba, mbewu ndi masamba.

zomera mankhwala

Kuwonjezera malo awa, amakhala mbali ya zomera mu moyo wa munthu, pali mankhwala zina kuti amagwiritsa mitundu chilombo nakulitsa. mankhwala zili zofunika kwa mfundo chithandizo cha za kugwirizana:

• alkaloids ndi glycosides - ndi chilangizo mphamvu pa ntchito za ziwalo ndi kachitidwe;
• tannins - binders ndi kutenga katundu odana ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono;
• mavitamini ndi mchere - n'kofunika kuti kagayidwe;
• mafuta zofunika - ndi zotsatira odana ndi yotupa ndi antiseptic;
• asidi organic - zotsatira pa chimbudzi, khungu, tsitsi;
• Flavonoids - zonse mphamvu ziwiya magazi;
• oyaka - kuchita ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono.

Choncho, udindo wa zomera mu moyo wa munthu ndi luso synthesise zinthu zofunika pa moyo. Mankhwala opangidwa kuchokera ku zomera, ndi lililonse limatisokoneza, sindipeza mavuto, poyerekeza ndi mankhwala kupanga. mankhwala chibadidwe mazana mitundu ya zomera, kwambiri makamaka mitundu zotsatirazi:

• European birch (masamba, masamba, makungwa, kuyamwa);
• rosehip cinnamaldehyde (zipatso zabodza);
• plantain (masamba);
• Valeriana officinalis (mizu);
• chamomile (inflorescence);
• ang'ono-Ndalankhula laimu (maluwa).

Popanda zomera, kuli anthu n'zosathekadi, kotero dziko wobiriwira chokongoletsera zosowa za zomveka ntchito, ulemu ndi kukonzedwanso.