Sangalalani chaka: mndandanda wa kalendala. Kodi lotsatira adzatumpha chaka?

moyo padziko lonse limadalira moyandikana ndi dzuwa ndi lamulo la mapulaneti ozungulira ndi kuzungulira olamulira yake. Chaka - nthawi iyi imene dziko lathuli ntchentche mozungulira dzuwa ndi usiku - nthawi kusintha kwathunthu padziko nguli. Anthu, ndithudi, zosavuta kukonza malonda anu kwa masabata, kuwerenga nambala inayake masiku mwezi kapena chaka.

Nature - osati makina

Koma likukhalira kuti kusintha wathunthu mozungulira dzuwa Earth imazungulira padziko nguli si kuchuluka nthaŵi. Mwachitsanzo, chosakwanira chiwerengero cha masiku. Aliyense akudziwa kuti izi ndi zina 365, ndipo izi limafanana ndi chiwerengero cha masiku pa chaka. Ndipotu - pang'ono kuposa 365, 25, ndiko, kwa chaka amasonkhana owonjezera maola 6, kukhala yeniyeni, owonjezera maola 5 Mphindi 48 ndi masekondi 14.

Kumene, ngati palibe nthawi n'komwe, ndiye koloko kukhazikitsa tsiku, mu miyezi imeneyo, ndipo patapita zaka mazana angapo, kusiyana ochiritsira ndi kalendala zakuthambo adzakhala mu miyezi ingapo. Moyo paphwando zosaloleka: kuloza maholide onse, chidzatha liti.

mavuto ofanana apezeka kalekale, pa maufumu a Roma, kapena kani, pamene wina wa wamkulu - Gayo Yulii Tsezare.

akanagwiritsa Kaisara

Mafumu ankalambira Roma pa ndime ndi milungu, anali ndi mphamvu zopanda malire, kotero iwo ndi lamulo limodzi monga m mene kalendala ndi chirichonse.

Mu Roma, chaka lonse zachokera Kalends chikondwerero, ndipo sanali ID (dzina la mwezi). Mu lotsiriza lino mwezi wa chaka ankaona February. Choncho, chaka adzatumpha masiku 366, ndi tsiku zina anali mu mwezi watha.

Pajatu anali zomveka ndithu kuwonjezera tsiku mu mwezi watha chaka, mu February. Ndipo, chochititsa chidwi, izo sizinali anawaonjezera tsiku lotsiriza, monga izo ziriri tsopano, ndipo tsiku owonjezera pamaso pa Kalends mwezi wa March. Choncho, February, zinadziwika awiri a twente-chachinayi. zaka adzatumpha anauzidwa mu zaka zitatu, ndi oyamba chinachitika mu moyo Gaya Yuliya Kaisara. Pambuyo pa imfa yake, dongosolo anataya pang'ono, chifukwa ansembe analakwitsa anapezazo, koma m'kupita kwa kalendala yolondola kwa zaka adzatumpha kuti achire.

Tsopano zaka adzatumpha amaonedwa pang'ono kovuta. Ndipo izi chikugwirizana ndi anthu maminiti angapo owonjezera, amene analandira mwa kuyambitsa zonse tsiku owonjezera pakatha zaka zinayi.

Kalendala latsopano

Kalendala ya Gregory, imene amakhala anthu mkulu pa nthawiyo, anadziwana ndi Papa Gregory m'zaka 16 mochedwa. Chifukwa chimene kalendala latsopano kunachitika ndi nthawi zakale anali olakwika. Kuwonjezera tsiku lililonse zaka zinayi, kazembe wa Roma sankaona kuti ngati kalendala boma adzakhala amakhoza bwino kuposa ochiritsira Mphindi 11 masekondi 46, pakatha zaka zinayi.

Panthawi oyamba kalendala latsopano, Julian inaccuracy anali masiku 10, ndi ndime ya nthawi chathandiza ndipo tsopano pa masiku 14. kusiyana kumawonjezera iliyonse m'zaka za tsiku. Makamaka noticeable mu tsiku la m'chilimwe ndi yozizira. Ndipo ngati masiku amenewa amaonedwa ena maholide, zindikirani kusiyana.

Kalendala zaka adzatumpha mu aweruze Gregory pang'ono kwambiri kuposa Julian.

Kapangidwe ka kalendala ya Gregory

Kalendala ya Gregory amaganizira kusiyana yokhala ndi kalendala zakuthambo maola 5 Mphindi 48 ndi masekondi 14, ndiye pakatha zaka 100, chaka adzatumpha sinyamukanso.

Choncho kodi inu mukudziwa mtundu wa chaka adzatumpha, ndi zomwe sizikuyenda? Kodi pali dongosolo ndi aligorivimu mu chiyembekezo chakuti a tsiku owonjezera? Kapena n'kwabwino ntchito mndandanda wa zaka adzatumpha?

Pakuti mayiko, aligorivimu zimenezi anayambitsa. Anthu amaona kuti kukhala tumphatumpha chaka chaka chachinai, chifukwa chomasuka zaka amagwiritsa ntchito multiples anayi. Choncho, ngati mukufuna kupeza ngati panali tumphatumpha chaka kubadwa agogo kapena Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, umafunika kupeza ngati chaka chino lagawidwa 4 kapena ayi. Choncho, 1904-TH - chaka adzatumpha, 1908, wachiwiri - mofanana 1917 chinali - palibe.

A chaka adzatumpha sinyamukanso pamene pamapeto a zaka zana, mwachitsanzo mu chaka chiri divisible ndi 100. Choncho 1900 anali tumphatumpha chaka chifukwa divisible ndi 100, si adzatumpha chaka, komanso 1800 TH ndi 1700 TH lapansi. Koma si tsiku owonjezera amasonkhana atumwi, ndipo pafupifupi 123 zaka, pamenepo ayenera kukonzedwa kachiwiri. Kodi kumvetsa zimene tumphatumpha chaka? Ngati chaka divisible ndi 100 ndi divisible ndi 400, amaona chaka adzatumpha. Ndiko kuti, 2000 chinali chaka adzatumpha, komanso 1600-TH.

Kalendala ya Gregory ndi zovuta chotero kukonzedwa kotero yeniyeni kuti nthawi owonjezera kumanzere, koma ife tikulankhula za masekondi. Awa amatchedwa masekondi adzatumpha, nanenso, kuti iwo anali pomwepo bwino tanthauzo. Awiri a iwo chaka ndi iwo akuwonjezeka pa June 30 December 31 pa 23:59:59. masekondi awiri awa mwakufuna zakuthambo ndi dziko nthawi.

chimasiyanitsa Kodi tumphatumpha chaka?

Sangalalani chaka wautali kuposa masiku kwa tsiku limodzi, masiku 366 mmenemo. Poyamba, ngakhale mu nthawi ya Roma, chaka chino panali masiku awiri a February 24, koma tsopano, ndithudi, tsiku amaona mosiyana. Chaka chino mu February, tsiku lina kwambiri kuposa masiku, ndiye, 29.

Koma akukhulupirira kuti chaka chimene kumeneko pa February 29 ngozi. Akukhulupirira kuti zaka adzatumpha auka amafa zimachitika mavuto osiyanasiyana.

Wosangalala kapena wosasangalala?

Ngati inu mukuyang'ana pa tchati ya imfa mu USSR, theka lachiwiri la zana la 20, ndi mu Russia, tikuona kuti mlingo wokweretsa analemba mu 2000. Izi zingathe kufotokozedwa ndi mavuto azachuma, otsika muyezo wa amoyo ndi mavuto ena. Inde, zikwi ziwiri zinali tumphatumpha chaka (monga lagawidwa ndi 400), koma ndi lamulo limeneli? 1996 - sakutero katswiri wa mlingo imfa mu yapitayi iye mu 1995 mlingo imfa apamwamba.

mlingo wake wotsikitsitsa pafupifupi theka zaka kufika mu 1987. Chaka tumphatumpha chaka, koma 1986 amafa anali otsika kwambiri m'munsi kuposa Mwachitsanzo, mu 1981.

Zitsanzo zambiri, koma zikusonyeza momveka bwino kuti amafa m'chaka "yaitali" Kodi si kuonjezera.

Ngati inu mukuyang'ana pa zochitika za pa kubadwa, ubale bwino ndi kutalika kwa chaka, nayenso, sichingapezeke. Sangalalani zaka za m'ma 20 sanali kutsimikizira ndifotokoze mavuto chiphunzitso. Mlingo kubadwa mu Russia ndi m'mayiko European imagwera wogawana. Pang'ono nyamuka ali kokha mu 1987, kenako amayamba mlingo kubadwa kukula likunena pambuyo cha 2008.

Mwina tumphatumpha chaka imalongosola mavuto ena ndale kapena tsankho masoka achilengedwe kapena nkhondo?

Only chaka chimodzi adzatumpha angapezeke pa tsiku inayamba Nkhondo: 1812 TH - nkhondo ndi Napoleon. izo zinatha ndithu losangalala Russia, koma, ndithudi, chinali kovuta kwambiri. Koma ngakhale chaka cha kusintha 1905 kapena 1917 sanali tumphani zaka. Chaka cha chiyambi cha nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse (1939) anali Ndithu chaka womvetsa chisoni kwambiri kwa onse a ku Ulaya, koma izo sizinali tumphatumpha chaka.

Mu zaka adzatumpha pakhala chivomezi ku Armenia ndi kuphulika kwa bomba wa hydrogen, koma zochitika monga Chernobyl tsoka, tsoka la mizinda Japanese wa Hiroshima ndi Nagasaki, kuphulitsa mapiri ndi masoka ena zinachitika m'chaka kwambiri wamba. Mndandanda wa zaka adzatumpha m'zaka za m'ma 20 Kodi sizigwirizana ndi mndandanda chisoni ndifotokoze mavuto ndi masoka.

Zimayambitsa kusakondwa

Zamaganizo amakhulupirira kuti zinadziwika onse zoopsa chaka adzatumpha, mosachuluka kuposa zamizimu. Mukapeza, izo akulankhula za izo. Ngati si zenizeni, izo kuiwaliratu. Koma chiyembekezo wosasangalala yokha mulole vuto ndi "Chikoka". Osati kanthu zambiri munthu ndendende zimene zikuchitika, iye amaopa zimene.

Mmodzi wa oyera anati: "Ngati sakhulupirira malodza, iwo sati anaphedwa." Pankhaniyi izo sizikanakhoza kukhala zothandiza kwambiri.

A chaka adzatumpha mu Chiheberi

Mu kalendala miyambo Ayuda amagwiritsa miyezi mwezi, yomwe masiku 28. Chifukwa cha chaka kalendala pansi dongosolo silikugwirizana zakuthambo masiku 11. Kusintha kwasanduka anapatsidwa mwezi owonjezera pachaka. Sangalalani Chaka kalendala miyambo Ayuda imakhala miyezi khumi ndi zitatu.

Sangalalani chaka Ayuda zambiri: zaka naintini amakhala khumi yokha, ndi pinomwe - adzatumpha. Ie adzatumpha zaka Ayuda nazo zambiri kuposa nkhani mwachizolowezi. Koma funso, kumene, ndi kokha kalendala chikhalidwe, m'malo amene amakhala lamakono la Israel.

Sangalalani chaka: pamene lotsatira

Onse a m'nthawi yathu salinso anakumana ndi kuchotserapo mu zaka nkhani adzatumpha. Chaka chotsatira, kuti sadzakhala tumphatumpha chaka, kuyembekezeredwa yekha mu 2100, ndi chodziwikiratu izi ndi zoona kwa ife. Kotero kuti yotsatira adzatumpha chaka kuchita masamu zapamwamba: chaka chamawa kuti ndi divisible ndi 4.

2012 anali tumphatumpha chaka, 2016 adzakhala chachiwiri, nawonso, adzakhala adzatumpha zaka 2020 TH ndi 2024 TH, 2028 TH ndi 2032 TH. Kuwerengetsa ndi wosavuta. Kudziwa izi, ndithudi, zofunika, koma tiyeni zimenezi si mantha. Ndipo mu chaka adzatumpha zimachitika zochititsa chidwi ndi wosangalatsa. Mwachitsanzo, anthu anabadwa pa February 29, amaona mwayi ndi osangalala.