Mphamvu yokoka: makhalidwe ndi tanthauzo othandiza

XVI - XVII atumwi, ambiri molondola anaitana mmodzi wa nthawi yabwino kwambiri m'mbiri ya sayansi. Iwo anali pa nthawi ino makamaka maziko, popanda zomwe pofuna kukwaniritsa sayansi zikanakhala chabe zosaganizika. Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler anachita ntchito yaikulu kunena za sayansi monga sayansi kuti kuyankha pafupifupi funso lililonse. Yekha mu mndandanda wonse wa atulukira ofunika lamulo la mphamvu yokoka, mawu omaliza amene ali m'manja mwa otchuka English wasayansi Isaac Newton.

Mtengo waukulu wa ntchito asayansi si mu anapeza mphamvu yokoka - pamaso pa ukulu uwu pamaso Newton anati, ndi Galileo, ndi Kepler, ndi kuti iye anali woyamba kutsimikizira kuti dziko, ndi kugawana ntchito m'mlengalenga mphamvu zimene zimachitika pakati pa matupi.

Newton anatsimikizira mu mchitidwe ndi theoretically m'Malemba ndi chakuti mwamtheradi matupi onse m'chilengedwe chonse, kuphatikizapo iwo amene ali padziko lapansi, kucheza ndi mzake. mogwirizana uwu wakhala ukutchedwa yokoka, pamene ndondomeko kukoka chilengedwe - kukoka.
mogwirizana Izi zimachitika pakati pa matupi chifukwa pali wapadera, mosiyana ndi mtundu wina uliwonse wa nkhani, imene sayansi wotchedwa munda yokoka. Pofunika alipo ndipo ukugwira ntchito kwathunthu padziko iliyonse chinthu, alibe chitetezo motsutsa izo kulibe, monga izo ziribe kanthu ngati lusolo kudutsa nkhaniyo.

Mphamvu yokoka, tanthauzo ndi mawu amene anapereka Isaak Nyuton, ndi ntchito mwachindunji chipatso cha unyinji wa matupi zimavuta, ndi inversely njila kwa lalikulu la zinthu mtunda mezhduetimi. Malinga ndi Newton, irrefutably ikutsimikizidwanso pa zofufuza yeniyeni, mphamvu yokoka chiri motere:

F = MM / R2.

Adzaupereka kwa mtengo wapadera wa Mphamvu G zonse, amene ali pafupifupi wofanana 6.67 * 10-11 (N * m2) / kg2.

Mphamvu yokoka amene matupi amakopeka ndi Dziko Lapansi, ndi nkhani yapadera ya malamulo Newton akutchedwa yokoka. Mu nkhani iyi, nthawi zonse Mphamvu ndi misa a dziko lapansi angathe kunyalanyaza, kotero yokoka kupeza chilinganizo adzakhala:

F = mg.

Apa, ga - osati cabe mathamangitsidwe ufulu kugwa, phindu M'ndandanda umene uli pafupifupi wofanana 9,8 m / S2.

lamulo Newton amafotokoza osati zomwe zidzachitike mwachindunji pansi, amapereka yankho mafunso ambiri zokhudzana ndi chipangizo mu dongosolo la zowalitsa. Makamaka, mphamvu ya kukoka pakati zakuthambo ali ndi chikoka zikuluzikulu kayendedwe ka mapulaneti m'njira zawo. Malongosoledwe ongolankhula gulu limeneli laperekedwa koma ndi Kepler, koma kuphunzira zinali zotheka pambuyo Newton kukonza malamulo ake otchuka.

Newton yekha zogwirizana chodabwitsa lapadziko ndi zakuthambo yokoka chitsanzo losavuta: pamene zipolopolo kuchokera Cannon ngale Kodi kuuluka molunjika, ndipo mu njira arcuate. Pankhaniyi, ndi kuwonjezeka kuyang'anira onga ndi unyinji wa phata adzakhala otsiriza kuuluka zina ndi zina. Pomaliza, ngati tingayerekezere kuti n'zotheka kuti kwambiri wa onga ndi kupanga Cannon kwathunthu anaulukira padziko lonse, kuti pochita zimenezi, izo sadzaleka ndipo adzapitiriza ake zozungulira (elliptical) kayendedwe, inasanduka yokumba Kanema wa Dziko Lapansi. Chifukwa, mphamvu yokoka ndi ofanana mu chikhalidwe ndi padziko lapansi ndi mlengalenga.