Phraseological wagawo: tanthauzo

Zining'a, mawu, miyambi, ndi mawu zimapanga nkhokwe yaikulu mu chinenero chilichonse, chifukwa chimene umakhala waphindu ndi m'tsogolo. Kupanda kutero, amatchedwa mayunitsi phraseological. Kodi ndi zimene iwo ali, tikambirana chiyani m'nkhani ino.

tanthauzo

Phunziro amasanthula mawu nawo phraseology. Phraseological wagawo - khola idiomatic akuti chilankhulo amene tanthauzo n'zoonekeratu kuti onse onyamula ake. N'chimodzimodzi ndi lingaliro ili ndi frazema mawu, mawu okuluwika.

ntchito

Phraseological wagawo ingagwire ntchito mbali zosiyanasiyana za kulankhula. Mwachitsanzo, angakhale:

• nauni (wamasiye ku Kazan, galu modyera);
• mneni (twiddle, moyo, kukhala woledzera pamaso chinjoka wobiriwira);
• adjective (ataledzera insole);
• adverb (chamutu zovuta kwambiri).

Ngati chodabwitsa chilichonse chinenero, frazemy ndi zizindikiro zawo.

1. Reproducibility. Mbali imeneyi zikusonyeza kuti phraseological unit bwino kwa okamba ambiri a chinenerocho, ndipo zilibe kuyambitsa mwatsopano nthawi iliyonse. Mwachitsanzo, "lochedwa" amatanthauza "chisokonezo padziko".
2. Zamalankhulidwe kukhulupirika, yomwe limanenedwa ngati zigawo wathunthu kapena tsankho rethinking mawu akuti. Mwachitsanzo, mawu akuti "galu anadya" amatanthauza "zinachitika," ndipo mfundo kudya galu wina.
3. Razdelnooformlennost akusonyeza pamaso pa mawu awiri kapena kuposa mawu amene ali lili ndi tanthauzo losiyana.
4. Bata - chizindikiro chosonyeza kuti n'zotheka kapena n'zosatheka kusintha zikuchokera chigawo chimodzi mwa kuchepetsa yolalikira kapena kusinthanitsa mawu ake constituent. Oyaka phraseological wagawo zikhoza kusintha ntchito:

• mawu pamene mawu amodzi m'malo ndi mzake;
• galamala, pamene mawu ungasinthe kalembedwe popanda kusintha tanthauzo;
• Kachulukidwe akasintha phraseologism chifukwa Kukuza kapena chidule cha zigawo;
• malo kumene zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi anyamata.

Review wa classifications

M'kagulu mayunitsi phraseological anayesa akatswiri a zinenero zambiri, ndi njira anali osiyana. Ena anadalira galamala ndi dongosolo, ndi zina - pa kalembedwe ndi wachitatu - tanthauzo ndi lathu. Aliyense gulu ali ndi ufulu kulibe, pansipa ife tiyang'ana pa zofunika kwambiri.

• Gulu loyamba mayunitsi phraseological anapereka L. P. Smit, imene yamasika anali ogwirizana magulu malinga ndi nkhani zawo. Mwachitsanzo, "anthu ntchito", "zochitika zachilengedwe." The drawback waukulu kufanizitsa ichi - kunyalanyaza muyezo chinenero.
• Mosiyana ndi kuloŵedwa m'malo, mfundo zinenero anali mwakuchita V. V. Vinogradovym gulu. Iye akufuna mitundu phraseology mayunitsi kuti wagawanika malinga ndi maphatikizidwe zamalankhulidwe - mgwirizano ndi ma msoko.
• N. M. Shansky anapereka, kupatula phraseology, kuonetsetsa ndi gulu osiyana mawu (mawu, miyambi, ndi mawu).
• Gawo akufuna ndi A. I. Smirnitskim lagona pa mfundo structural ndi kalembedwe.
• Maziko a gulu la N. N. Amosovoy udzayesedwa mtengo wa mayunitsi phraseological ndi kusanthula awo a nkhani yonse.
• S. G. Gavrin anadza kwa gulu ndi mavuto awo zinchito ndi zamalankhulidwe.
• A. V. Kunin anawonjezera gulu vv Vinogradov.

Gawo vv Vinogradov

Mu umodzi wa mawu (phraseological wagawo) chikugwirizana ndi m'nyanjazi ake, ndiko kuti, kuchokera pamwamba zikuonekeratu zimene uli pangozi. Mwachitsanzo, kukokera lamba - nthawi yaitali kuchita malonda.

Msoko - mtengo Kodi sizigwirizana ndi zigawo zake amapanga. Mwachitsanzo, "lochedwa" - kuchita kanthu. Mu ena adhesions ndi mau omwe ataya tanthauzo loyambirira chinenero chamakono Russian salinso ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, likundikanikizira - apezeka kuti ntchito kuvala za spoons matabwa.

Tanthauzo la ma ndi phraseological zigawo zikuluzikulu, mmodzi amene ali ndi ntchito kumangako, imene a zigawo zikuluzikulu za wagawo phraseological ali pamodzi ndi mawu okha, koma pamodzi ndi ena. Mwachitsanzo, mukhoza kunena "mantha amatenga", "chisoni amatenga" kutanthauza "zoopsa" kapena "chisoni", koma sindingakhoze kunena kuti "amasangalala" m'lingaliro "kusangalala."

Gawo A. I. Smirnitskogo

Gawo ili analekanitsa Zining'a kuti Zining'a, kasewenzetsedwe ka mau phrasal ndi choyenera phraseological mayunitsi. Onse akale ndi yamasika anagawidwa m'magulu 2, zimene pamapeto, lophatikizana ndi ubwamunalo linagawanika m'magulu boma:

a) unimodal:

• mneni-adverbial (wakuba);
• kasewenzetsedwe ka mau ofanana, zamalankhulidwe ngale ndilo chigawo chachiwiri (kupanga zosavuta ndi losavuta);
• prepositional substantival adverbs ofanana kapena (abale a ku malingaliro) predicative;

b) awiri ndi MNV:

• attributive-substantival ofanana omwe - nauni (mdima kavalo, imvi Cardinal);
• mneni-substantive, amene ali ofanana - mneni (kulankhula);
• kubwerezabwereza - zofanana wa adverbs.
• adverbial MNV.

Gulu la N. N. Amosovoy

Mu kufanizitsa wa N. N. Amosovoy mayunitsi phraseological anawagawa Zining'a ndi frazemy, kufupi ndi gulu ozikidwa pa kusanthula yonse. Analysis amatanthauza kuphatikiza mawu semantically zagwiridwa ndi index osachepera. Chotero nkhani nthaŵi zonse kapena variable. Pa index zonse nkhani osachepera zonse ndi chabe mfundo zotheka kuti mawu semantically akuyendera. Mwachitsanzo, "woyera bodza", "kupita mu Chingerezi."

Pamene variable pa nkhani ya mawu index osachepera zosiyanasiyana, koma tanthauzo akanali yemweyo. Mwachitsanzo, mawu akuti "mdima" mwina mawu akuti "kavalo" ndipo "munthu" - ". Chinsinsi, wobisa" "mdima kavalo", "mdima munthu" akutanthauza

Okuluwika zonse nkhani ogaŵikana frazemy ndi Zining'a.

Gawo SG Gavrina

S. G. Gavrin Zining'a wachinsinsi ndi mavuto zinchito-zamalankhulidwe. Choncho, gulu mayunitsi ake m'gulu phraseology khola ndi variably-khola osakaniza mawu. Studies SG Gavrina mu phraseology chinazikidwa ntchito za vv Vinogradov ndi N. M. Shanskogo ndipo anapitiriza kukula kwa mitundu 4 mayunitsi phraseological.

Gawo A. V. Kunina

Gawo mayunitsi phraseological, wopangidwa A. V. Kuninym, likugwirizana gulu vv Vinogradov. Mpheroyi Zining'a:

1. Unimodal choonekera ndi awiri kapena kuposa mphatso neznamenatelnyh.
2. Kapangidwe kapena Co subordinative mawu.
3. Ndi kapangidwe pang'ono predicative.
4. Ndi mneni infinitive, kapena mau chabe.
5. Ndi kapangidwe ka ndimavutika kapena zovuta.

Ku maganizo a manenedwe A. V. Kunin ukugawa Zining'a pamwamba m'magulu anayi:

• chigawo chimodzi kuti ali, kusonyeza kuti nkhani, chodabwitsa - iwo amatchedwa nominative; gulu lina ili monga 1, 2, 3 ndi 5 mtundu phraseology kupatula zovuta;
• popanda makhalidwe nkhani zomveka, kusonyeza chikondi - ngati frazemy otchedwa mezhdometnyh ndi modal;
• kapangidwe ka maganizo, ndipo amatchedwa kulankhula - gulu zimenezi zimaphatikizapo miyambi, mawu ndi nsomba mawu;
• Gulu 4 akunena za nominative-wochezeka.

Magwero mawu m'chilankhulo cha Russian

mayunitsi Phraseological wa Chirasha kungakhale:

• primordially Russian;
• yobwereka.

Magwero a wakale Russian chikugwirizana ndi moyo, m'zilembo ndi zinthu akatswiri.

Zitsanzo phraseology:

• banja - osati ulusi, dulani mphuno yanu, mwamsanga;
• chilankhulo - pachimake malo, utsi goli
• akatswiri - kudula mtedza (kalipentala), kukoka gimp (kuluka), kuimba zeze choyamba (woimba).

Anabwereka mayunitsi phraseological mu Chirasha anachokera Chisilavo Chakale, chakale nthano ndi zinenero zina.

Zitsanzo pobwereka la:

• Chisilavo Chakale - chipatso choletsedwa, aredovy zikope, madzi mdima mu mitambo;
• chakale nthano - lupanga la Damocles, ufa Tantalus, bokosi Pandora, ndipo fupa kukangana, kumira mu chisokonezeko;
• zilankhulo zina - bluestocking (English), mwaunyinji (German), osati mosatekeseka (chilankhulo French).

phindu sikuti lifanane ndi phindu la mawu awo constituent ndipo nthawi zina kumafuna nzeru, kuwonjezera kumvetsa tanthauzo la chizindikiro cha.

mawu phraseological

mawu Phraseological ndi mayunitsi chinenero ndi ofanana ndi amene ali mawu wolimba, ndipo wolankhulayo mosavuta chinaonekeranso. Koma mu zigawo loyamba la mawu akuti akhoza ntchito paokha ndi mbali ya mawu ena. Mwachitsanzo, mawu akuti "a mibadwo yonse kukonda", "ndi ulendo wautali", "yogulitsa ndi ritelo" mawu onse akhoza ntchito payokha.

Dziwani kuti si onse akatswiri a zinenero kuphunzira mayunitsi phraseological ndi chigawo chachikulu, ankaona n'zotheka monga iwo phrasebook lapansi.

Mawu - kumasonyeza anaitenga ku mabuku, mafilimu a kanema, zisudzo ndi zina luso chabe. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zamakono mu pakamwa ndi kulemba. Mwachitsanzo, "maola Odala osati kuonera," "Chikondi kwa mibadwo yonse."

Miyambo ndi mawu - yofunika akuti ndi mfundo za zothandiza ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Mosiyana ndi mawu otchuka, iwo sali wolemba, monga wolengedwa ndi anthu kwa zaka zambiri ndipo wadutsa kuchokera pakamwa m'kamwa, ndipo anapulumuka mtundu wawo waukulu. Mwachitsanzo, "nkhuku pamaso aswa" zikutanthauza kuti pa zotsatira za choncho akhoza adzaweruzidwa pa kutha.

Mu Mosiyana ndi miyambi - wophiphiritsa, emotive mawu. Mwachitsanzo, kunena "Pamene khansa pa phiri wenzulo" amatanthauza ntchito iliyonse ndi chodziwikiratu kuti anapanga.

Miyambo ndi mawu - chithunzithunzi momveka bwino mfundo ndi kukula mwauzimu anthu. Kudzera mwa iwo mosavuta younikira zimene anthu ngati umakondwera ndi, ndipo - palibe. Mwachitsanzo, "mosavuta ndi kukoka nsomba mwa dziwe", "Labor munthu wakudya ndi ulesi - zofunkha", akulankhula za kufunika kwa ntchito.

mumaganiza chitukuko

Wa onse magulu a chinenero ndi ambiri atengeke kusintha mawu chifukwa ndi chinyezimiro mwachindunji za kusintha zikuchitika mmadera.

Lero, zikuchokera lexical chinenero Russian akukumana ndi Boom neological. Chifukwa chiyani?

Chifukwa choyamba - zachuma, zandale ndi zauzimu kusintha mu Russia mu 90s lapansi. The chachiwiri - TV ndi ntchito Internet, zimene zinachititsa kuti ufulu woyankhula ndi ambiri akutenga ndalama chinenero china. Chachitatu - mofulumira chitukuko cha njira zamakono zimene zimachititsa zikamera wa zatsopano ndi mawu. Zimenezi sangathe bwanji tanthauzo la mawu - mwina kutaya tanthauzo awo oyambirira, kapena kukhala china. Komanso kukulitsa chinenero zolembalemba - izo tsopano ndi lotseguka kwa chitachitika, colloquial, mawu slang ndi mayunitsi phraseological. Ponena za iwowa, tisaiwale kuti chinthu la Contemporary Zining'a si tanthauzo la mawu ndi osakaniza awo. Mwachitsanzo, "msika pake", "mantha mankhwala", "pafupi kunja", "ozizira chovala", "malonda yopuma".

Mini mayeso

Ndipo tsopano timapereka inu kuyesa erudition wanu. Kodi Zining'a awa:

• mutu n'kunena;
• kuluma lilime langa;
• manja onse;
• kuthamanga chamutu;
• mphepo masharubu ndi;
• Maso zoipa;
• kuwerenga akhwangwala;
• kuluka mu chilankhulo;
• zonama ndi mabokosi atatu.

Fufuzani mayankho olondola. Mfundo (kuti):

• Ine ndikufuna kugona;
• chete;
• munthu chinthu likukhalira mosavuta ndi zokongola;
• kuthamanga kwambiri kudya;
• kumbukirani chinachake chofunika;
• anthu ochokera ambiri zinthu zina mukhoza kusankha chinthu chimodzi;
• dawdle;
• anthu mukufuna kukumbukira chinachake odziwika bwino, koma simungathe;
• kulonjeza kapena kunama.