Zasulich Vera Ivanovna: yonena, anayesa Trepov

Zasulich Vera Ivanovna ndi maganizo kwambiri m'mbiri. Anthu amene sali chidwi mfundo za mbiri ya mkazi ali ndi mwayi wonse wokumbukira mu chifanizo cha heroine, amene anawomberedwa mchezo boma Trepov. Ngakhale zovuta kulakwa ndi chakuti iye anafuna kuchita chiwawa choopsa - kupha munthu, loweruza chothetsera pa bwalo. Makonsolo akhala amatsutsa ndi lingaliro ili, ndipo tsiku lotsatira inaika lamulo kuti adzathe kumangidwa Zasulich. Koma mpaka chisankho amenewa anatengedwa, Vera anatha kutuluka m'dziko muno ndipo kupewa ndende.

kutchuka lonse

Chifukwa chakuti mlandu wa Vera Zasulich kamodzi pakati yankho lonse, dzina lake anthu ambiri kugwirizana ndi chilungamo ndi chakuti iye analemba lamulo si konsekonse. Ntchito zapakhomo mbiri akutchula zolembalemba, anamasulira ntchito za Marx ndi Chichewa, komanso ntchito za Russian chithunzi anthu.

Mu malo ambiri, iwo amatchedwa kulinganiza wa woyambirira gulu Marxist amatchedwa "Kumasuka wa Labor". Koma pa nthawi yomweyo, anthu amene ali mosamala kwambiri kuphunzira zokhudza Chikhulupiriro anaitcha losavuta bandit, bespredelschitsey, zigawenga ndi anarchist.

Zasulich Vera Ivanovna: yonena, ubwana ndi banja

July 27, 1849 kakang'ono Russian m'mudzi wa Mikhailovka, amene mwachirengedwe wa chigawo Smolensk, anabadwa mtsikana Faith. banja ake sakanakhoza popitilira ndalama zapadera, chifukwa makolo ankawaona olemekezeka osauka. Kuwonjezera Chikhulupiriro iwo anali ndi ana aakazi awiri. Atate - Ivan Zasulich anali wopuma kapitawo. Iye anafa mu 1852, pamene Chikhulupiriro anali ndi zaka zitatu zokha. Mayi sanathe kudyetsa ana atatu, choncho, mmodzi wa ana aakazi anaganiza kutumiza kwa wachibale wolemera. Chisankho unagwa pa Chikhulupiriro, anapita ku mudzi Byakolovo kumene azakhali ake ankakhala. Pali wadutsa ali mwana zonse, ndipo kwathunthu achibale anaukitsa mtsikana.

Youth ndi maphunziro

Pa zaka khumi ndi zisanu Zasulich Vera Ivanovna anam'tumiza nyumba payekha pokwera ku Moscow. Pali anakaphunzira zilankhulo ndipo amakhala okonzeka ntchito aboma a. Amamudziwa katswiri zonse anaphunzitsa mu nyumba yogonamo ya sayansi, mu 1867 analandira dipuloma Vera kunyumba mphunzitsi, ndi iwo anapita kugonjetsa Petersburg. Mwatsoka, chifukwa mtsikana wopanda zinachitikira ndi malangizo sindinapeza ntchito m'munda awo. Popeza ndalama kwa moyo anali akadali ndalama, iye anafika woweruza. Atatumikira mlembi wake kwa pafupifupi chaka, Vera anasiya ntchito ndi zobwerera ku likulu. Apo iye wapeza ntchito perepletchitsey ndi kupeza momasuka zosiyanasiyana mabuku, kuwerenga ndi zonse chinkhoswe kudzipatsa kuwongolera. Inali pa nthawi imeneyi Zassulich akadziwa ankafunitsitsa kuti zinthu zisinthe, ndi kufuna ntchito.

Nawo kayendedwe chosintha ndi ankadziwa koopsya ndi Nechayev

Popeza anakhalako ku St. Petersburg, chabe chaka, Zasulich Vera Ivanovna anakwanitsa kutenga nawo mbali pa ntchito a magulu ambiri chosintha. Kumapeto kwa 1862, kuyendera mmodzi wa iwo, anakumana ndi wowopsa chosintha Nechaev. Mabanga Chikhulupiriro ndipo zikuoneka kupanga mu Changu ake chosintha ndi kuthekera ndithu, iye anayesa motalika kokwanira kuti akope ake mu bungwe lake lotchedwa "kuphedwa anthu".

Zasulich anakana maganizo amenewa, chifukwa ine ndimaganiza malingaliro onse Nechaeva kwambiri komanso wosangalatsa. Pa nthawi yomweyo, otsala priverzhenka maganizo chosintha, iye anachoka kwawo adiresi yake. Kenako Nechayev ntchito kutumiza ndi kulandira maimelo illegals. Mmodzi mwa makalata amenewa, ngakhale kuti chikhulupiriro chake analibe ngakhale kuwerenga, ndipo chifukwa cha kumangidwa kwake koyamba.

Kumangidwa ndi kumangidwa

Pa HIV, kalata kwa mmodzi wa illegals ndi Zasulich Vera Ivanovna nthawi yoyamba ija. Pafupifupi chaka, iye anali m'kachipinda mpanda wolimba kwambiri.

Pafupifupi 2 zaka ufulu mkazi, koma basi nthawi yomweyo kachiwiri zinamangidwa chifukwa chofalitsa mabuku oletsedwa, ndipo Chilango ku ukapolo. Chikhulupiriro akutumikira woyamba kuchigawo Novgorod, ndiye mu Tver.

Moyo pambuyo kulumikizana Zasulich

Mu 1875, iye limapezeka Kharkov. nthawi zonse iye ali pansi pafupi kukaonekera kupolisi. Kuti mwanjira kukonza moyo m'tsogolo, Vera aganiza kuti alembetse maphunziro a anamwino, komanso ndi ntchito chosintha izo kwathunthu kuti tiwonana Mulimonsemo sinditi.

Mu 1872, iye anadzakhala membala wa "opandukawo Kumwera", limene lili mu Kiev, koma anali maudindo ake mu Ukraine. Pokhala mu malo ake, Chikhulupiriro anatenga mbali mu gulu la kupanduka wamba. Pambuyo mndandanda zofooketsa Zassulich akubwerera ku St. Petersburg ndipo anayamba kugwira ntchito pa imodzi mwa nyumba mobisa yosindikiza, amene anali gulu la "Land and Ufulu". Chikhulupiriro anabwera m'maudindo ake, ndipo pambuyo yochepa kuchuluka kwa nthawi, mu January 1878, iye anaukira lodziwika bwino pa Trepov.

Misdemeanor meya, enraging Zassulich

Kamodzi pafupi Kazan Cathedral, gulu la ophunzira anakonza ziwonetsero. Kuchita izo mu December 1876, iye anamangidwa ndipo analamulidwa kuti yakalavula gaga wophunzira Bogolyubov. Pa nthawi imeneyo, chilango ogwirika ndi kuzunza akaidi pa malo ndale anali koletsedwa. Koma ndi dongosolo la meya Trepov Bogolyubov anali akwapulidwe ndi ndodo. Pakali pano, mfundo ndi kale kuti zaka 2 zitachitika, ndi wophunzira Anamwalira kuchipatala. Pankhaniyi, chifukwa cha chilango kale anasamutsa Bogolyubov anali mu mkhalidwe misala sitikuwamvetsa bwino.

chifukwa kuti meya atalamula kumenya Man ndi ndodo, chinali Bogolyubov sanatenge chipewa chake pamaso pake ndipo anasonyeza chipongwe awo kuti boma la mfumu. chigamulochi Trepov anachititsa kumveka anthu wamba ndipo, ndithudi, ambiri anakwiya. Sitinathe kusiya mfundo imeneyi popanda tcheru ndi boma.

amafuna kupha

Mmodzi mwa anthu amene sankasangalala mwankhanza a meya, anali Vera Zasulich.
Ulendo wa moyo wa Trepov, zomwe iye anaima, ukonzedwa ndi kuyendetsedwa, anatsetsereka mu mbiriyakale ndipo anabweretsa kutchuka kwake zosaneneka. Kenako ungwiro kanthu yake adzakhala ndi makhalidwe monga mchitidwe wa zigawenga, ndi chikhulupiriro yokha adzaitana msungwana, amene anapita machitidwe ake mantha chosintha mu Russia.

Pamene akukonzekera kuchita kubwezera, Zasulich chovuta kwa udindo ndi kazembe. M'mawa wa pa January 24, 1878 iye anapita ku ofesi ake ndi kuwombera kuti kwambiri anavulazidwa Trepov. Vera anamangidwa pa malopo.

Mamembala a bwalolo, mwalowa mbiri ya malamulo

Peterburg wapampando wa khoti la District pamfundoyi anali A. F. Koni. Mutu wa ofesi ya St Petersburg khoti linalamula analimbikira choncho Zasulich anathana ndi loweruza, chifukwa cholinga chawo chachikulu chinali kuchepetsa mbali ndale mlanduwo. Pa nthawi yomweyo anthu wamba anakhulupirira Trepov achinyengo chiphuphu tsankho, ndipo ngakhale kuwapatsa malangizo kukwapula ndodo Bogolyubov, mbiri yake m'dziko sanali bwino. Zitachitika ndi wophunzira chilango maganizo izo, ndithudi, amakhala bwino. Motero anaganiza kuti chigamulo cha loweruza la azenga, wachita mu manja Zasulich.

Poyamba iye sanali mothandizidwa ndi loya koma atawerenga ake asankha wozenga chitsutso pepala, Chikhulupiriro anazindikira kuti iye sangathe kulimbana. thandizo lake kuteteza inapereka ambiri (monga loya aliyense ankafuna kuwala ngati mlandu ncthito), koma asankhira wapatsidwa Petru Aleksandrovu.

Iye anali mwana wa wansembe kale ntchito monga wapolisi wina m'chipinda bwalo. Atakambirana ndi mnzake wake Alexander mobwerezabwereza anamutsimikizira kuti kuchita zonse zimene angathe kuti apambane mlanduwu Zasulich. Ndipo iye chothetsera ziyembekezo Chikhulupiriro. Zikomo mawu ake anzeru, ndi loweruza anamupeza iye sanali wolakwa.

Moyo pambuyo sanam'peze ndi mlandu ndi

Popeza Makonsolo sinathe kuteteza kufala kwa maganizo pakati pa anthu amene angathe kuwombera akuluakulu udindo wapamwamba, ndipo ndiye olungama, tsiku lotsatira la khotilo anali anapempha ndi watsopano kuti m'ndende anapereka Chikhulupiriro. Amaganiza kuti zotsatira zotheka ya mwambowu, ndipo pasanapite nthawi atamasulidwa mothandizidwa ndi abwenzi Zassulich anathawira ku Switzerland. Iye anabwerera kunyumba yekha mu 1879 ndipo pomwepo pamodzi ndi Plekhanov anayamba kutenga mbali mu chilengedwe cha bungwe "Black kusokonekera".

Vera anayesera kulingalira njira otchedwa a "uchigawenga munthu", koma pambali pa izo kwambiri mwamsanga anakhumudwa ndi nchito zake, kotero icho panobe kachiwiri pang'ono owononga cha kumangidwa chachiwiri. Zinali ndiye, mu moyo wake, ndi nkhani yachiwiri emigration amakakamizidwa - Zassulich msangamsanga anachoka Paris.

ntchito chosintha

Ngakhale mu France, Vera Ivanovna kutolera ndalama akaidi Russian ndale. maganizo ake pa mantha atasinthiratu, ndipo akhala priverzhenka chosintha Marxism. Iwo anamasuliridwa mu Russian ntchito Marx ndi Chichewa, makope nkhani ake ambiri European democracies magazini. Kenako, anasamukira ku London, kumene amatsogolera ndi ntchito yogwira journalistic, ankagwira ntchito sayansi. Ali Geneva, mu 1883, Vera anakhala ophunzira yogwira ntchito yolenga ya "Kumasuka wa Labor", omwe ankachita ndi thandizo la kwawo Russian. Izo zinali kokha mu 1899 pansi dzina labodza iye amakhoza kupita ku St. Petersburg. Iye akuchita bwino Lenin, anali mbali ya Board ndi mkonzi wa magazini "Zorya" ndi nyuzipepala "Iskra".

imfa Zasulich

Ngakhale ngati yogwira ntchito ya kumapeto kwa moyo wake Vera Zasulich ndinamverera kukhumudwa. Kumanga pa zinachitikira ake chidwi, izo kwambiri anakana pontho akhanzonda mitundu yonse ya uchigawenga kulimbana chosintha.

zochitika February mu 1917 anatenga monga kusintha bourgeois-demokalase, koma osati anthu. The October kuukira boma wabweretsa ake monga kukhumudwa chimodzi chokha. Zasulich analemba kuti anakhazikitsa mphamvu Soviet chabe galasi fanizo la yapita, tsarist boma.

Vera Ivanovna anafa May 8, 1919. Iye anaikidwa mu manda Volkov pafupi ndi manda a Plekhanov.