Population kalembera. Kalembera woyamba

Monga momwe wamba kwa ife ndi kalembera lero ... izo inadzera palibe, wopanduka. Mukuuzidwa ndondomeko izi kale mbali ya moyo wathu. Ndi zosadabwitsa - kufunsa funso mu kufufuza injini za chiwerengero cha anthu mu mzinda umene inu mukukonzekera tchuthi. Pa funso ngati mu mzinda muli kukhala lalikulu, pafupifupi aliyense sanazengereze kuitana ngakhale zoyerekeza, koma pafupi ndi manambalawo. Sukulu mosavuta atchule megacities wa dziko ndithu kuliyankha mmene anthu ambiri ali ndi iye mu dera limodzi. Koma sizinali nthawi zonse. Kale kalembera anali chochitika chapadera. Watsopano, olemera, ndi awo makhalidwe omwe ntchito yake.

A mbiri pang'ono dziko

Kale, mu nthawi ya nkhondo yogwira ndi gulu la gawo pakati pa mayiko osiyanasiyana, kalembera ntchito kulikonse. Aliyense mbuye ang'onoang'ono ankadziwa anthu ake, chiwerengero cha mabanja moyo pansi lamulo lake. Ndipotu kudalira ndalama za misonkho analipira, muyenera kudziwa chiwerengero cha anthu angathe kuti akulembedwa mu mwambo nkhondo ina.

Panali kufunika limeneli kalelo. Amwenye, Aiguputo Farao, boma la China wakale ndi Japan wakale - onse anali kuyankha njira zawo za anthu.

Kodi chidwi, ngakhale Baibulo limafotokoza kalembera ikuchitika ngakhale Mfumu Davide.

Ancient Greece ndi Rome moganizira chokha chiwerengero cha amuna achikulire. Koma maboma a ena limati akale (monga Germany, France, Italy) anasankha kuganizira anthu mabanja onse.

века. Bakuman anthu wonse kalembera amachitika m'njira zamakono mu United States atatsala pang'ono cha m'ma XVIII.

Russian State

века. Woyamba anthu kalembera ku Russia unachitikira cha m'ma XIII. Iye anakhala mmodzi wa zaluso utsogoleri adscititious asilikaliwa. Chifukwa chachikulu chinali mawerengedwe a mlandu ndi misonkho mapulani (msonkho).

Pambuyo asiye Mongol-Chitata goli m'madera ena a boma Russian, njirayi anakhalabe. Komabe, kalembera zinakwaniritsidwa maukulu ochepa. Imathamanga kusunga mbiri okha Novgorod ndi Kiev ukulu. Poyamba, chinthu kalembera zinali m'dziko (khasu, chakhumi bwalo).

Records anali mu otchedwa mabuku yaulembi. Komabe, panali n'komwe gawo chabe la mudziwe unstructured. anali m'malo kenako "kukhala-wokonzeka mabuku." Okopera makamaka yoikidwiratu mamembala a atsogoleri achipembedzo. Zimenezi zinafotokozedwa chifukwa chakuti mwa iwo anali kwambiri wamba alembi ndi kulemba.

Mu masiku a Russian Ufumu

Woyamba ambiri kalembera ndi mwambo wapadera mu masiku amenewo. maphunziro wakhala zaka zoposa makumi awiri. Ichi chidali ndipo akadali ntchito okha za mtundu wake pamene kalembera wa zinachitikadi mu Russia ndi zonse pa malo mu tsiku lina.

работу по внесению данных планировали выполнять при помощи электрических счётных машин. Pa lingaliro la Nicholas II, ntchito kumayambiriro deta anakonza kuchitidwa ntchito makina magetsi akuwerengedwerabe.

Ndipotu ambiri mudziwe akuluakulu skid-atali, monga mitengo kulemba saloledwa kubweretsa moyo kupita patsogolo luso la zopangapanga nthawi.

Komabe, sitepe yotsatira chaonekera koma pa makina akuwerengedwerabe magetsi. Zonse zomwe analandira amatanthauzabe khadi, aliyense wokhala payekha.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero katswiri pa mtengo wa ndondomeko kuposa miliyoni 6 Russian rubles.

Nkhani ya anthu pansi pa boma la Soviet Union

boma la Soviet tcheru ndithu kuti akudzizindikiritsa osati chiwerengero cha mamembala a anthu, komanso kufalitsidwa okhudza malo, chipembedzo ndiponso dziko.

Kalembera woyamba pambuyo zisinthe zinachitikadi mu 1920 koma lokutidwa yekha gawo limene panali Civil nkhondo.

zaka 3 Patapita rewrote anthu a mumzindawo onse, ndi wina 3 - unachitikira kalembera ambiri.

Mu Russia zamakono

Kalembera anthu mu Russia anapangidwa zaka khumi pambuyo mapangidwe boma latsopano. Inachitika kuyambira 14 mpaka 25 October 2010. Malinga ndi zotsatira kuyambirira, catechumens mu March chaka cha 2011, anthu Russia anali anthu 142,905,200. Pa nthawi imene yapita kuyambira 2002, Russia anapita pa anthu 7 8 m'dzikoli.

Chiwerengero kalembera mphamvu Crimea Russian anapangidwa mu chaka cha 2014. Cholinga chake anyozedwa, makamaka zokhudza chipembedzo ndi dziko wachokera kwa nzika zonse.

Kudalirika kwa deta

Kulondola mfundo zowerengera kalembera nthawi zonse ali kulakwitsa, kawirikawiri nkhani ya mtsutso.

Sitiyenera kukusalani vuto cholinga ndi zotengera malingaliridwe chikhalidwe, mavuto okhudza lolondola zake.

zolakwa angayambe onse pa gawo kukonzekera ndi pa deta ndi processing deta. Wina ndi kuganizira mfundo yakuti aliyense wina tsiku wamwalira ndi munthu wabadwa.

Pa nthawi ya State Russian alembi mwadala kunyengedwa. Anthu anasangalala njira wosavuta, koma ogwira. Popeza misonkho umene pa bwalo, osati chiwerengero cha anthu kukhalamo, osawuka anakhazikika ku nyumba zingapo imodzi kapena kumanga mpanda zosakhalitsa padziko mabanja awiri kapena kuposa.

Mwachitsanzo, kalembera mu 1897 anali limodzi ndi ambiri mbiri. Osati anthu onse ankapatsidwa akamauzidwa lingaliro. Mwa okhala panali kwambiri miseche. Anthu amasangalala ndi mwangozi kuopsezedwa ndi chakuti cholinga kalembera ndi kukhazikitsa msonkho watsopano. Ndipo ichi ndi zabwinobwino kwambiri. Anthu akuopa kuti akufuna kusamuka pa chimanga chosakhwima dziko Siberia. Mwa zina mipingo yawo ananena kuti ochuluka a anthu - ndi chizindikiro chosonyeza Kudza kwa Wotsutsakhristu.

deta zina dala molakwika ndi anthu ofunsidwawo lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, si onse anadzudzula mudziwe cholinga za maganizo awo usilikali, mitundu zina ndalama, chipembedzo.

Malinga ndi kalembera chachikulu ndipamene kuonekera kukondera pokonza zikalata ndi mafunso deta ungwiro. Mwachitsanzo, Kazakhs ndi Chikigizi m'madera ena a anthu omwewo. Ndipo magwero limasonyeza kuti Chitekimeni amaonedwa pamodzi ndi Tajiks. Ndipo pali zambiri zolakwika.