Pragmatism - ndi kupanda makhalidwe abwino?

Ndi tanthauzo D. Dunham, pragmatism - ndi njira kudziwa mulingo woyenera. Tamasulira kuchokera ku mawu a Chigiriki "pragma" amatanthauza "mchitidwe zotsatira". Nzeru za makhalidwe a pragmatism malangizo anali diffusely kuchokera pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto a 50 ntchentche za m'ma XX. Maziko a chiphunzitso anaika nzeru zapamwamba William James, amene anakonza awiri choyambirira mfundo wanzeru:

1. Takulandirani - ichi ndi chinachake chimene angakonde zosoŵa za gulu la.

2. Aliyense zinthu abwino ndi wapadera, kotero nthawi iliyonse muyenera kusankha zinthu atsopano.

Mtsogolo, ndi pragmatist nzeru zapamwamba Dewey ndi Tufts chikhalidwe kufalitsidwa zinthu zimenezi chiphunzitso lonse. Mawu akuti "wanzeru" imalongosola lingaliro ili kutha kukonzekera kuchita popanda chichokereni ku dongosolo. kuthekera kosankha zofunika kwambiri ndi kudula kwambiri, kuti azisinthanitsa zofunika mu kugonthetsa ndipo amangokhala ali pikitipikiti moyo.

Chiphunzitso cha pragmatism

Pragmatism - izi ndi zosiyana wa mbali ziwiri mu chikhalidwe: ndi absolutism makhalidwe ndi dogmatism. makhalidwe tikambirana nkhani imeneyi monga chinthu chonse ndipo sikudalira zinthu kusintha. Tikaona chiphunzitso cha pragmatism, tikuona kuti si achilendo kuteteza ufulu wa chifukwa ndi makhalidwe abwino.

Pragmatism - ndi negation makhalidwe ambiri amavomereza makhalidwe abwino. Pragmatists amati chikhalidwe vuto ayenera kuthetsedwa mwa munthu, kutenga nkhani vuto loti watola yekha. Choncho, pragmatists kukana Mwina ndi kusanthula ongolankhula za mavuto a moyo. Komanso, mu maganizo awo, sikutheka kuti asandutse mfundo koyenela mu "sayansi yeniyeni".

Akamanena za pragmatism

Pragmatism - ndi chilakolako kuonetsetsa kuti khama padera ndi nthawi imene analipira pa chifukwa. Yayifupi njira sayenera nkhanza wapaulendo, mwinamwake si zoona ndithu. makhalidwe Public zikuchepa kudzudzulidwa pragmatism. Phindu la mawu amadana ndi anthu, limene chimaonetsedwa mawu odziwika bwino monga "osati zoipa maloto" kapena "kwambiri ngati, pang'ono." Koma pragmatism - Mbali yolondola kwambiri ndipo lipindulitsa pa kukwaniritsidwa kwa mapulani ndi zolinga. Kuzindikira zolinga zawo adzalola kusankha ngati mukufuna kwenikweni.

Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti pragmatism - amatha kuchotsa zofuna ndi phindu zonse zikuchitika. Komano - ndi njira imodzi kudziwa zolinga za moyo, komanso kukhazikitsa awo. Amaganiza kuti zinthu zonse zilipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kukwaniritsa zolinga, ngakhale kupitirira malamulo ambiri amavomereza kuti makhalidwe ndi makhalidwe.

Njira imeneyi ndi wanzeru vuto la malekezero ndi njira, kwenikweni limatanthauza makhalidwe kulungamitsidwa wa kanthu, ngati munthu kale wotanganidwa awo kukhazikitsa. Chifukwa chachikulu vuto mu makhalidwe yafupika kuthetsa ntchito mwangwiro zothandiza: kupeza njira yabwino kwambiri kuthetsa cholinga chilichonse. Nthawi zina, pragmatism zifukwa ankhanza, amoral ndi ndondomeko kukwaniritsa zolinga anakhumba mwa njira iliyonse.