Neo-Platonism - ndi chiyani ichi? The nzeru za Wachiwiri-Platonism

Neo-Platonism nzeru za munthu unachokera mu masiku amakedzana mochedwa, analowa nzeru akale, nzeru za la Kubadwa Kwatsopano ndi mukopedwe maganizo nthanthi ya zaka zonse wotsatira.

nzeru wakale wa Neoplatonism

Ngati ife zimaonetsa Platonism lalifupi, ndi chitsitsimutso maganizo Plato m'zaka za kuchepa Roma (3 - 6. CC). Mu Wachiwiri-Platonism maganizo Plato anali lidzasinthidwa chiphunzitso cha emanations (cheza pambuyo) dziko zinthu Anzeru Mzimu, ine ndikukhulupirira chiyambi cha zonse.

Ngati inu kupereka kutanthauzira bwino yakale Neo-Platonism - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa malo a nzeru Agiriki, anatuluka ngati ziphunzitso Akasakaniza wa Plotinus ndi Aristotle, Asitoiki ndi ziphunzitso za Pythagoras, Eastern zongoganiza, ndi Akhristu oyambirira.

Ngati ife kulankhula za malingaliro waukulu wa chiphunzitso ichi, Neo-Platonism - nzeru ili lachinsinsi la Wamphamvuyonse, ndi kusintha pang'onopang'ono kuchokera apamwamba chikhalidwe m'munsi pa nkhaniyi. Pomaliza, Neo-Platonism - ndi kumasulidwa kwa munthu kupyolera mwa chisangalalo ku mavuto a dziko chuma ndi moyo weniweni wauzimu.

Oima wotchuka kwambiri wa nzeru Wachiwiri-Plato, mbiri akuti Plotinus, Porphyry, Proclus ndi Iamblichus.

Madamu monga woyambitsa wa Neo-Platonism

Dziko damu - Aroma ya m'chigawo cha Iguputo. Iye anaphunzitsidwa ndi nzeru ena angapo, mbali yaikulu mu mapangidwe ake ankaimba ammonium Saccas, amene anaphunzira kwa zaka khumi.

Mu Rome, Plotinus anakhala woyambitsa wa sukulu, amene anatsogolera kwa zaka twente-faifi. Damu - woyambitsa 54 ntchito. A chikoka chachikulu pa malingaliro ake anali Plato, koma anali phunziro maganizo ndi afilosofi ena, Agiriki ndi Aroma, pakati pawo Seneca ndi Aristotle.

The damu la dziko lapansi

Malinga ndi ziphunzitso za Plotinus, dziko wamangidwa mu ufumu okhwima:

• Limodzi (Good).
• Universal Mind.
• World-Soul.
• Kanthu.

Kutenga dziko limodzi, Yesu sanakhulupirire kuti chilengedwe chonse mwa madera ake ndi ofanana mu muyeso ofanana. Zodabwitsa World Soul ndi wamkulu kuposa chakuthengo kanthu, Universal Mind ndi wamkulu ndi moyo padziko, ndi pa mlingo wokweretsa wabwino mtengo wina (wabwino), chimene chiri muzu wa kukongola. Ubwino chomwecho monga Plotinus anakhulupirira pamwamba pa zonse ndi wokongola, kuti iye anakhetsa, kuposa misanje zonse, ndipo amanena za dziko lonse lapansi ndi Mzimu wanzeru.

Single (madalitso) - mudzagwiritse kuti uli ponseponse, izo akuwonetseredwa mu Maganizo Mzimu ndi Kupemphera. Chimodzi, ngati zabwino mtheradi, munthu wina zinthu zimenezi. Kupanda njira umodzi palibe wabwino.

Kudzipereka uchimo wa anthu amayamba ndi mmene mkulu iye akanakhoza kukwera masitepe yopita ku imodzi (Wabwino). Njira ku bungwe wakupatsani kudzera mu maphatikizidwe lachinsinsi ndi izo.

Monga limodzi Good mtheradi

Mu malingaliro a damu pa dongosolo la dziko kulamulidwa ndi Maganizo a mgwirizano. Single lalitali pa ambiri, makamaka poyerekezera ambiri ndi mumangire ambiri. Inu Pali kufanana pakati pa kuzipeleka damu la dongosolo la dziko ndi lamulo chikhalidwe cha Ufumu wa Roma.

Kumalekezero ambiri amalandira udindo wa wina. Mtunda umenewu kuchokera ku dziko wanzeru, auzimu ndiponso akuthupi, pali chifukwa ayi. Ngati Plato ndi "chimodzi - kwambiri," anatero onse kwa yopingasa, ndi ofukula Plotinus anaika mu ubale wina ndi ambiri (otsika zinthu). Single koposa china chilichonse, choncho kuwerengedwa kumvetsetsa m'munsi Maganizo Soul ndi Kupemphera.

Mtheradi Mgwirizano ndi kusapezeka mwa iwo zotsutsana, kusiyana zofunika kuyenda ndi chitukuko. Umodzi kumatha asapita nkhani chinthu, kudzikonda chidziwitso, chilakolako nthawi. Amene akudziwa popanda chidziwitso cha, amene ali mu mkhalidwe chimwemwe mtheradi ndi mtendere, ndipo analibe kuyesetsa kuti. Single si ofanana ndi gulu la nthawi, chifukwa wosatha.

Plotinus amachitira ngati Common Good ndi Kuwala. Chilengedwe kwambiri a dziko Plotinus wina zafotokozedwa emanation (anawamasulira ku Latin - kuyenda, kuyenda). Mu ndondomekoyi, kutsanulidwa kwa chilengedwe, izo sasiya kukhulupirika, osati kuchepetsa.

Logos

Chifukwa - chinthu choyamba chimene analengedwa ndi chimodzi. Maganizo amakhala ndi multiplicity, ndiye nkhani za mfundo zambiri. maganizo wapawiri: ndi onse odzipereka kwa wina, ndipo ukusunthira kutali kwa izo. Amamuchititsa amene ali mu mkhalidwe umodzi, ndi mtunda - mu multiplicity a boma. Cognition achilendo malingaliro, zingakhale kapena chinthu (umalimbana chinthu) ndi subjectivity (kudzikonda lotsogozedwa). malingaliro Izi ndi zosiyana kuchokera nayenso. Komabe, iye amakhala mu Muyaya, ndipo kumeneko amadziwa yekha. Izi kufanana ndi mtima umodzi.

maganizo amatanthauzira malingaliro anu ndi kulenga iwo kulunzanitsa. Ku malingaliro ambiri umboni (wokhalapo, mtendere kayendedwe), umapita ku malingaliro ena onse. Chikhalidwe paradoxical wa Mind pa damu ndi kuti lili palokha lingaliro la onse umboni ndi konkire. Mwachitsanzo, lingaliro la munthu ngati lingaliro ndi lingaliro la munthu payekha.

moyo dziko

Single amatsanulira kuunika kwake pa malingaliro, ndi kuwala si atamezedwa kotheratu ndi Samalirani. Kudutsa Mind, Iye akutsanulira zotero ndipo amalenga Soul. Magwero yomweyo muli moyo ayenera Samala. Single amasamalira chilengedwe chake mbali zina.

Ili mlingo m'munsi, pali moyo ndi wamuyaya, ndi - chifukwa cha nthawi. Maganizo, ndi ziwiri: lili ndi kudzipereka kuganiza ndi kukubwezani kwa iye. Izi ndi kutsutsana zikuluzikulu mzimu salembedwa ogaŵikana awiri Soul - mkulu ndi otsika. Mkulu anapita Soul kukambirana osati pokhudzana ndi dziko la nkhani aakulu, monga kuyenera kwa Low Soul. Lili pakati pa maiko awiri (suprasensual ndi chuma), Soul Choncho zikugwirizana iwo.

Katundu wa Soul - incorporeity ndi indivisibility. World Soul accommodates miyoyo yonse munthu, palibe amene angathe kulibe kupatula ena. Plotinus ankanena kuti munthu aliyense alipo pamaso kugwirizana ndi thupi.

nkhani

Atseka utsogoleri wolowezana lonse la zinthu. Kuwala wokhetsedwa Single successively akudutsa ku chinthu chimodzi kupita ku china.

Malinga ndi ziphunzitso za Plotinus, nkhani lingokhalabe wamuyaya ndi logwirizana. Komabe, vuto ndi thunthu la chilengedwe, wopanda kudzikonda chiyambi. Chikhalidwe zotsutsana za nkhani kuti amalenga limodzi ndi amachitikira iye. Nkhani - ndi kuwala kuchepa mphamvu, pakhomo la mdima. Kumayambiriro kwa kuwala kuchepa mphamvu ndi kudza mdima nthawi zonse mayi. Ngati Plotinus analankhula za Ponseponse za wina, ndiye, mwachionekere, ayenera kupezeka pa nkhani. Zotsutsana ndi amayi Kuwala chidawoneka zoipa. Ofunika pa madamu, exudes zoipa. Koma popeza yekha yozungulira zinthu, ndiye si chomwecho zoipa zabwino (Wabwino wa wina). Zoipa Kwina - yekha chifukwa cha kupanda wabwino, chifukwa chosowa Mmodzi Kuwala.

Nkhani zimasintha, koma akukumana kusintha, ikhala zikutsatiridwa, zilibe kuchepa ndipo sabwera.

Kufunika kwa wina

Plotinus ankakhulupirira kuti wobadwira wa wina ambiri chimayambitsa n'zosiyana, ie, ambiri amafuna kukwera umodzi wangwiro, akuyesera kuti agonjetse matenda awo ndi yokhudzana ndi chimodzi (wabwino), chifukwa kufunika bwino n'lodzaza ndi aliyense mwamtheradi, kuphatikizapo khalidwe osauka kanthu.

Dala cholinga kwa wina (wabwino) anthu osiyana. Ngakhale chikhalidwe ndi otsika kunama, osati kulota za chitunda chilichonse, tsiku lina anadzuka, monga moyo wa munthu ndi limodzi kuchokera Universal Soul, kugwirizana ndi World Mind chidutswa ake chapamwamba. Ngakhale boma la maganizo layman ndi mbali zambiri apamwamba mbali otsika a m'mbali mwa wosweka, chifukwa akhoza kugonjetsa zilakolako za matupi ndi adyera, zomwe zingathandize munthu wakugwa kuti adzauka.

Komabe, chitunda kwenikweni kwa Plotinus wina ankaona boma la chisangalalo chimene moyo monga m'thupi ndi merges ndi chimodzi. njira iyi si ganizo, ndi zobisika, zimene zimachitikadi. Ndipo okha boma apamwamba a damu, munthu kuwuka kwa wina.

Otsatira za chiphunzitso cha Plotinus

Wophunzira wa Plotinus Porphyry, mwa chifuniro cha mbuye wake, analamula ndipo anafalitsa mabuku ake. Anadzatchedwa nthanthi ndemanga ntchito damu.

Proclus m'mabuku ake anali ndi malingaliro a Wachiwiri-Platonism akatswiri m'mbuyomu. Iye Ufumuyo wofunika kwambiri kwa kudzoza Mulungu, kuganizira chidziwitso chake apamwamba. Chikondi, nzeru, chikhulupiriro, iye chikugwirizana ndi mawonetseredwe a mulungu. A chopereka kwambiri chitukuko cha nzeru, wapanga dialectic wake wa Cosmos.

Zotsatira Proklos kulunjika nzeru akale. Kutanthauza Proklos nzeru anatsindika AF Losev, ndalama zimene anapereka kwa fineness ake zomveka kusanthula.

Siriya Iamblichus ophunzitsidwa Porphyry ndi maziko a Siriya ngakhale pamene analowa Chikhristucho sukulu. Monga zokhudza chiphunzitso cha Plato zina, Yoswa kuyesetsa kwake nthano zakale. Ubwino wake mu kusanthula ndi systematization wa dialectic ya nthano, komanso dongosolo kuphunzira Plato. Pa nthawi yomweyo chidwi anaika mbali yeniyeni ya nzeru, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa miyambo ya chipembedzo, mchitidwe lachinsinsi la kulankhulana ndi mizimu.

Mphamvu ya Wachiwiri-Plato nthanthi lingaliro pa nthawi wotsatira

Chinthu cha nyengo yakale Kale, wataya kugwirizana ndi udindo wa olamulira achikunja wakale nzeru. Neoplatonism Kodi kutha, ndi chidwi olemba Mkhristu (St. Augustine Aeropagite, Erigena neri Al.)., Ndi likulowerera mu nzeru Arab Avicenna, wakwiya ndi mmodzi Hindu.

M'zaka za m'ma 4. Wachiwiri-Plato malingaliro ambiri mwiniwakeyo nthanthi Byzantine ndi kuyesedwa zachikunja (Vasiliy Veliky, Grigoriy Nissky). Mu mochedwa Ages Middle (14-15 CC.) Neoplatonism zinam'vutitsa German mystique (Meister Eckhart, Suso G. neri Al.).

Neo-Platonism ya Kubadwa Kwatsopano akupitiriza kutumikira chitukuko cha nzeru. Iwo ophatikizapo lingaliro la Nthawi yoyamba zovuta kuti: chidwi kuti aesthetics ndi kukongola kwa thupi wakale Neo-Platonism ndi kuzindikira wauzimu wa munthu mu akale Wachiwiri-Platonism. Ziphunzitso neoplatonism amakhudza nzeru ena monga N. Cusa, T. Campanella, J. Bruno neri Al.

oimira otchuka chomwe German, 18 - oyambirira 19 zaka. (FV Schelling, Hegel) anagwa chikoka cha malingaliro Wachiwiri-Plato. The Tinganenenso chimodzimodzi za nzeru ena Russian 19 - m'ma 20. vs Solovyov, SL Franke, S. Bulgakov, ndi ena. The kuda Neo-Platonism angapezeke mu nzeru ano.

Kutanthauza neoplatonism mbiri nzeru

Neo-Platonism - Izi kosaoneka nzeru, monga nzeru ndi zomveka worldview. Chinthu ziphunzitso za Neoplatonism ndi otherworldly, ungwiro supramental, njira imene n'chotheka mu chisangalalo.

Neoplatonism nthanthi - ndi chimake cha nzeru za kale madzulo a zamulungu. Single damu imatsogolera chipembedzo cha Mulungu mmodzi ndi chikunja likamalowa.

Neoplatonism nthanthi - akuthandiza kwambiri pa chitukuko cha nthanthi ndi zamulungu lingaliro la Ages Middle. Damu chiphunzitso cha kuyesetsa ungwiro dongosolo mfundo za ziphunzitso zake pambuyo rethinking anapeza malo awo mu zachikhristu kumadzulo ndi kum'mawa. zinthu zambiri za nzeru Wachiwiri-Plato zinali zofunika azaumulungu Mkhristu kuthana ndi vuto la systematization ya chiphunzitso zovuta Chikhristu. Choncho unakhazikitsidwa nzeru wachikhristu wotchedwa patristic.