Mochititsa manyazi Chifinishi Nkhondo

Izi yozizira nkhanza sipanatenge zaka 50 kale kugunda madigiri 30 chisanu mu November, ndipo mu January, kutentha amagwa madigiri 40-45 pansi pa ziro. Ndipo nyengo unachitikira mpaka March. nthaka Achisanu ankawoneka ngati konkire, ndi kalekale mitengo ya paini zimaphulika kwa nyengo ngati ozizira pa kutalika lonse ndi mkokomo ngati mfuti mpirawo. Ine bondo chikhalidwe ndi matalala, amene anali pafupifupi tsiku lililonse. Izi yovuta yozizira anali mu 1939-1940 kumpoto kwa Soviet Union ndi Finland. Zinali ndiye utsogoleri Soviet anaganiza kulanga "odzikuza White Finns" manja a Red Army. Popeza November 30 anayamba "neznamenitaya" Soviet-Chifinishi nkhondo 1939-1940, zomwe amatchedwa "kumasulidwa kampeni".

August 23, 1939 pakati pa Germany ndi USSR yosainidwa nonaggression ke. Ndipo chikalata ichi, palinso enaake chinsinsi. Malinga ndi iye, mphamvu zazikulu ziwiri anagawa muzochitika ya chikoka, ndi pansi pa "phiko" Soviet Union, mwa mayiko mnzakeyo Finland. Nthawiyi, kuyambira March 1938 boma la Soviet Union anatsogolera zokambirana ndi boma la Finland pa kanthu olowa kulimbitsa malire apanyanja ndi dziko la maiko onse. A chofunika zokambirana izi zinali ntchito ya Germany, Austria ndi vuto la zinthu pandale ku Ulaya. Boma ankafuna makamaka kupeza chitsimikizo kuti palibe mdani amene adzere m'dziko Chifinishi ndipo sangathe zingasokoneze Leningrad kuchokera kumbali. Koma boma la Chifinishi wakana umafuna zimenezi, ndipo potero anapanga sitepe kuonetsetsa kuti nkhondo Chifinishi anakhala mosalephera.

Komabe, pasanapite Finns kumvetsa mmene lalifupi akuthwa kunali kukana, nayamba feverishly kwa mkono. Wapampando wa Bungwe la chitetezo ngati iwo anali kulamulira Mannerheim. Ndi okwanira ake a asilikali mafakitale lovuta Finland udachita pa "kuphulika zonse". chidwi linaperekedwa kwa mtima Chifinishi asilikali ndi wamakono wa malinga, amene poyamba anamanga mu Karelian kamtunda kopita ku chilumba. Ndipo pambuyo ntchito German la Czechoslovakia (April 1939), ndi kuyamba Soviet Union anayamba wozungulira latsopano la zokambirana. Pa nthawi iyi, utsogoleri Soviet anapereka Finland thandizo la asilikali vuto la mokwiya. Ndipo poyankha kwa Finns anayenera pangano la Union zilumba zingapo ili mu Gulf wa Finland. Iwo utsogoleri lankhondo la Union anakonza kukhazikitsa maziko zina chivundikiro Kronstadt nyanja. Ngakhale Mannerheim analimbikitsa andale kuvomereza maganizo a USSR, maganizo ake anali ananyalanyaza. Kenako, yankho mtendere zotsutsana pakati pa zipani anakhala chosatheka, ndi Soviet-Chifinishi nkhondo anakhala yekha nkhani ya nthawi.

A sanali mokwiya pangano ndi Germany kwa nthawi yaitali anakumasulani manja a Soviet Union, ndipo Moscow anaganiza kuti adzalande Finland. Ofunda nthawi, limene linayamba Chifinishi nkhondo mu 1939, anali shelling wa maudindo Red Army m'mudzi Mainila. Izo zinachitika pa November 26, ndipo anachita izi akatiputa NKVD, akuchita pansi pa amati a asilikali Chifinishi. Pambuyo pake, pakati pa maiko awiri yodulidwa onse ubale mgwirizano wa mayiko, ndi 30 November linakhazikitsa kuwukira zikuluzikulu za Red Army pa dera la limati oyandikana. Utsogoleri lankhondo la USSR wakonzedwa masabata atatu kuswa asilikali Chifinishi ndi zatenga Helsinki.

Koma zolinga za atsogoleri Soviet zankhondo zoyembekezeka kutaya. A kumenya kuzunzidwa wotchuka Mannerheim mzere analephera. Ndiye propaganda Soviet walemba kuchokera kulephera ili pa inaccessibility a dongosolo chitetezo. Ngakhale mfundo chitetezo Chifinishi anamanga mu Karelian kamtunda kopita ku chilumba, 10 nthawi zinali zochepa kuposa French Maginot Line chiwerengero cha bunkers, pillboxes ndi zida zida zankhondo. Ndipo kwenikweni, pa Mannerheim Line anali si chopinga chachikulu kwa ndiye Army. Komabe, Red Army kwa masabata oyambirira atatu kugumula ngakhale mzere woyamba wa maudindo Chifinishi, osanenapo ntchito ya Helsinki. Ndipo 21 December amanyansidwa anaima kwathunthu, 26 la mwezi womwewo, Red Army anapita kumbuyo. Chifinishi nkhondo likuoneka kuti kukhala yaitali motero.

Pambuyo pake, panali pofuna kuyika nkhonya wothandiza kwa maudindo Chifinishi kumpoto cha Nyanja ya Ladoga. Koma pofuna imeneyi inatha mu kulephera, ndipo chifukwa ziwiri "ofiira" Division anali atazunguliridwa ndi kwathunthu wosweka. Ndipo ambiri m'dera la Finns atazunguliridwa ndi kuwononga magulu asanu a Red Army. Ndipo kachiwiri kupitirira asilikali Soviet linayamba February 1, 1940, pambuyo anailandira reinforcements kwambiri. Tsopano, pa zowoneka Mannerheim Line wa North-Western Front, analamula luso ndi ndani Tymoshenko. Amaphatikiza 7 ndi 13 Army. Daily shelling wofooka motetezera Finns. Izo zinali kokha February 11 chitetezo Finns chinachepa. A February 14, Red Army anatenga mzinda ndalama.

Choncho, Red Army anayamba kupita patsogolo, ndipo mu March, wayamba kale nkhondo mzinda wa Vyborg. Tsopano boma Chifinishi, powona n'zachabechabe kukaniza zina, anatumiza nthumwi ku Moscow kuchititsa nkhani mtendere. Iwo anatenga masiku 4, ndipo March 13 Nkhondo onse idaleka. Chifinishi nkhondoyo inatha, ndipo boma la dziko kumene kwachitika zinthu zonse zimene anapereka ku utsogoleri Soviet. Chifukwa cha chigonjetso kovuta wa USSR analandira mzinda wa Vyborg, lonse Karelian kamtunda kopita ku chilumba ndi malo unali kumpoto cha Nyanja ya Ladoga, pamodzi ndi mzinda wa Sortavala. Choncho, ife anatha kulikankhira malire makilomita Leningrad 150, pamene Finland alumikizidwa USSR akadali sizinagwire ntchito. Ndi Finns chifukwa cha nkhondo imeneyi ataya kudziteteza zonse ndipo takhala wosatetezeka.