Prussia - ichi ... Ufumu wa Prussia. History of Prussia

Prussia - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa za mbiri yakale osokoneza madera a ku Ulaya. Pa dzanja limodzi, tili ndi State kamodzi wamphamvu amene mbendera chimene chimagwirizanitsa lonse la Germany. Pa zina - mu ufumu sanali kokha akuluakulu, komanso zovuta. Dziko anali kusungunuka atagwa ulamuliro wa Hitler kale zowawa pansi pa Teutons goli. Kodi mtundu kuyambira anatisiyira ife mbiri ya Prussia?

malo Hrs

Mosiyana ndi mayiko ambiri a World Old, Prussia pa mapu Iwo anafuna kuti malo mwangwiro ndale. chinenero chamanja, kotero wamba mtima wa mayiko ena, ntchito zoipa kwambiri, ngati ambiri mu chikhalidwe German wa dziko.

Zofunika kwa Prussia ankaimba Nyanja Baltic, yomwe ili kumpoto kwa dziko. Zinali midzi poyamba anawonekera kumeneko. M'mbiri yonse ya Prussia, malire zasintha nthaŵi zambiri - kuchokera (ndi) duchy ang'onoang'ono mbali yaikulu ya Ulamuliro wa Nazi Wachiwiri Bismarck.

Zinakhudza kwambiri ndi Prussia m'mayiko ena - (abale Lithuanians Prussians magazi kuposa Germany) Lithuania, ndi Poland. The chachiwiri anamanga machenjera ambiri anansi ake kumpoto chakumadzulo pa ufulu wodzilamulira. Poland mobwerezabwereza subjugates m'gawo lake.

Pezani dziko yaikulu ya boma akufa, Prussia, tsopano chithunzithunzi. Iwo ali ku Russian Federation ndi dera Kaliningrad ali. likulu lake - izo ndi Kenigsberg akale, 1946 kudziwika monga Kaliningrad.

The Kale

A mbali yaikulu zikamera wa Prussia, komanso m'mbiri European, ankaimba mtsogoleri wa Huns, Attila. Ndi maonekedwe a ufumu wake wapangidwa moyo pa kugombe la Baltic Nyanja estiev. Ife analemba za iwo olemba ngakhale wakale. Estii anasiya ufulu gawo la Prussians, amene poyamba anakhazikika kokha mu chimango cha Kaliningrad ano.

History of Prussia mu mawonekedwe imene ife tikudziwira izo lero, sizingatheke popanda maonekedwe a abale German ndipo Brutus Videvuda. moyo wawo zokayikitsa, koma ndi kukhalapo kwa olamulira amene analenga fuko anthu amphamvu ndi asapita anayamba chikhalidwe namanga mphamvu umodzi, chimene chikuchititsa lakuthwa mu chitukuko Prussia a. Chifukwa, mwambo chikhalidwe iwo anali abale ku Germany, osati amitundu wapafupi - Zitsulo Lithuanians.

zachikunja

Polish yaing'ono ukulu m'zaka XI, iwo akuyesera kuti mukulitse m'mayiko awo chifukwa Prussians zachikunja. Komabe, iwo anali bwino kumbali. Mwina Prussia m'dera akanakhalabe lopanda ang'onoang'ono Europe masewera, ngati pansi napemphera monyenga cha Chikristu (pa kuyitana kwa kalonga Polish ndi dalitso lenileni la Papa), sizikanagwira analowa lodziwika bwino Teutonic Order.

Chilituyaniya Order muli boma zawo wakhala kwathunthu mphamvu kugwira zachikunja za anthu achikunja amene kunapezeka kuti Prussians wakubayu, kuzunzidwa ndi chiwawa.

Kukula kwa gawo

Ndiyamika yogwira mphamvu mphamvu mwachindunji ndi Teutons ndi mayamwidwe ena madongosolo a chivalry, kukodzedwa ndi Prussia pa mapu yokha. Panthawi ina, ambiri m'mayiko Baltic a boma la Teutonic Order.

Mkati dziko anali okhwima boma Catholic kuziyika izo modekha, ndi kukondera yaikulu mu ulamuliro zampingo. Ndipotu Teutonic Order Asilamu (kudzera Master) kwa Papa, kotero boma anali pansi pa ulamuliro wathunthu wa Vatican.

Kupanga ufumu

Mpaka m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi analipo boma la Teutonic Order. Chinapangitsa nkhondo zambiri - zina bwino, kuwonjezera chikhalidwe chawo, koma bwinobwino potsatira nthawi mpaka lero, m'pamenenso otsika ndi Teutons nkhondo.

Makamaka anaikirapo kugonjetsedwa awo pa Nkhondo zaka khumi ndi zitatu 'ndi Poland. Zinali nkhonyayo komaliza kwa Teutonic Order - kufuna kusunga mphamvu ndi kuthawa mkwiyo wa Papa. Master Albreht Brandenburgsky anatengera Chiprotestanti, imene Prussia anakhala boma yolembedwa. Analinso m'manja mwa mfumu Polish. Anaumba Master anachita zinthu zambiri zothandiza boma. Mwachitsanzo, kusintha ndi adatsegula yunivesite choyamba. Komanso, kuthokoza kwa iye, Prussia - ichi ndi dziko loyamba mu mbiri ya wamphamvu chikhulupiriro mwalamulo Chiprotestanti.

Duchy la Prussia sizinakhalitse - mwana wa Albrecht anaonekera odwala ndi pambuyo pa imfa ya bambo ake sakanakhoza kutenga mpando wachifumu, kenako atamwalira mwadzidzidzi. Wolowa nyumba pafupi ndi Duchy anali Polish mfumu.

Prussian Ufumu Poland

Kukhala nazo ake m'dziko latsopano, mkulu wa lingaliro, chomwe chiti chikhale kwa Prussia. ufumu Zinaoneka Njira, kuyambira kuchuluka kwambiri kutchuka mfumu. Tsopano iye anali kawiri kazembeyo.

Ngati ufumu uliwonse mu Ufumu wa Prussia ufulu wodzilamulira kwambiri. Iwo anali ndi malamulo ake, bwalo yake. Ngakhale asilikali ake ntchito mosiyana Polish lapansi. Komanso, dera la boma unakula mofulumira, monga Mfumu ya Prussia sadadziwe - basi anasonkhana kwa iye wamphamvu ndi wolimba thandizo, iwo mungakumane nazo Poland ndi kubwerera ku mizu yake German.

Komabe, kukhwimitsa malamulo osafunika. Pa nthawi ya mapangidwe boma German la Prussia mmene Poland anali pa nkhondo ndi Sweden, ndipo ankafunika thandizo lankhondo. Brandenburg, Prince Frederick William I anavomera kukongoza kuthandiza anansi, malinga kulandira Prussia - m'dziko limene iye, monga yaikulu German kalonga, ankaganiza German mbadwa, kutanthauza kuti ake.

Ndi malonda ameneŵa anapanga ukulu wa Brandenburg-Prussia, amene amayembekezeka yofunika yaikulu mu moyo wamtsogolo ndale ku Ulaya.

Independent ufumu Prussian

Zikomo ntchito yawo, ndipo anatengera mwana wa atate wake Prince wa Brandenburg, ayamba dziko koposa, ndi pamodzi ndi iwo ndi chikoka, anavekedwa. Frederick Ine anakwera pa mpando wachifumu mu 1701, kusonyeza kuti dziko kuti Prussia - tsopano ufumu wodzilamulira.

The pazipita mbiri chiyambi cha Prussia anagwa pa Frederick bolodi. Iye akadali ndi chimodzi cha mafumu akuluakulu ku Ulaya, monga anali kukonza ambiri - analimbitsa chuma Prussia, n'cholinga Zachuma nawo mpata ndalama asilikali zakuthambo limanena. Iye anali kusintha kwambiri maphunziro, zida boma ndiponso zochita nkhondo.

Chifukwa kuchuluka kwa nkhondo kuti kulowerera pa Mfumu ya Prussia pazifukwa zina kunali koyenera, dziko lake inamera m'mayiko ena ndi atsopano, kupanga Prussians mbiri umodzi mwa mitundu otsogolera World Old. kamodzi kokha anagonjetsa Prussia - Russian unawatengera yekha mbali ya Baltic atagonjetsedwa ku nkhondo motsutsa izo pa zaka seveni nkhondo. Komabe, ngakhale kugonjetsedwa izi sizinali lalikulu - pangano mtendere pakati Frederick II ndi Peter III dziko anabwerera ku Prussia posachedwa.

Mwatsoka, pambuyo maluwa wamphamvu adamtsata kutha mofulumira. Mfumu yatsopano, Frederick II wa sakanatha ndakupatsa ulamuliro woyang'anira chotero boma lalikulu. ulamuliro wake ndithu wofooka Prussia, koma mwana wake chinali imfa yomaliza ya udindo Prussia ndi kutsogolera ku Europe.

Komanso amachititsa kuti kwambiri kosatheka. Mfumu ya Prussia sakanakhoza kupirira chigumukire wa asilikali Napoleon a. Iye chinawononga mu njira yake iliyonse boma. Pambuyo nyengo Napoleonic Prussia kunabwezeretsedwa m'madera ang'onoang'ono kwambiri, ndipo zimaoneka ngati iye anali kuyembekezera moyo wake kumaliza imfa ya statehood, ngati si ...

German ufumu

Great, Otto Von Bismarck, oddly mokwanira, anali Prussia. Ndi maonekedwe ake pa zandale chingaimitse kuitana maina a mafumu Prussian - tsopano iwo alibe udindo poyerekeza ndi "Iron Chancellor".

Bismarck anali mtumiki-pulezidenti wa Prussia, ndi kukolezera mozama lingaliro la logwirizana boma German. Pa nthawiyo zinkaoneka kuti n'zosatheka - gawo German kupsa dazeni chikumenyana limati zazing'ono koma munthu wofooka Austria. Komabe, Bismarck sangakhale mtsogoleri wamkulu ngati analibe dongosolo bwino ndipo sasintha.

Sitepe ndi sitepe, izo analowa mphamvu ya Prussia, kumenyana ndi Denmark ndi kusankha m'gawo lake. Bismarck zofunika chabe amapereka kwa kuukira Austria, ndipo panapezeka - nkhondo asilikali Italy zinachititsa kuti nkhondo seveni sabata pakati Austria ndi Prussia, imene inatha ndi mgwirizano wa 21 limati German ndipo kulengedwa kwa German Ufumu. Mfumu ya Prussia, Wilhelm ndinakhala Kaiser ndi Bismarck - Chancellor wake.

The German Ufumu ndi limodzi mwa mayiko waukulu mu dziko. Osati ntchito osachepera mu kapangidwe kake wotanganidwa Prussia. Ufumu kumizidwa mu chisokonezeko, koma anafunsa Prussians chikhalidwe ndi ndale kamvekedwe ka ufumuwo.

Mwatsoka, William II sanali mpaka akuthwa ndale. Anabalalitsa Bismarck ku ofesi, ndipo anayamba kuchita wathunthu ndiwofatsa ndondomeko zoweta, ndi wodzala ndi mawu amphamvu aukali yachilendo. Anakanganapo ndi Russian ndi British Korona, iye anatsogolera Germany mu payekha.

Misonkhano ya prerequisites chachikulu chiyambi cha First World nkhondo, kenako Ulamuliro wa Nazi Chachiwiri anagwa muyaya. November Zipolowe chinang'ambika Germany, Prussia, kupanga mmodzi wa ang'ono limati palokha lomwe anakakamizika kubweza kholo lawo lalikulu.

Koma ngati nthawi zonse zimachitika mu mbiri ya Germany, pamene olemba anali wokonzeka kuthetsa mbiri ya boma limodzi, umunthu watsopano limapezeka m'chizimezime, amene tidzayesedwa azungulila iye Germany onse.

Ulamuliro wa Nazi lachitatu

Monga mbali ya ulamuliro wa Hitler, Prussia anali mmodzi wa malo chapakati.

Ngakhale kuti Hitler sanapange gulu la Germany, zosiyana anapangidwa kwa dera limeneli.

Mu limodzi Nazi boma Prussia wabweza kudziyimira pawokha, koma Pa pepala. Ndipotu mutu wa kudziyimira pawokha unali kapena Hitler kapena mmodzi wa atsogoleri a Reichstag - malingana ndi tsiku lenileni.

Iwo uli mu ulamuliro wa Hitler mu Prussia potsiriza musabise ya boma palokha. Tsopano iye anali gawo la Germany, ngakhale likulu lake wakale - Berlin - kale anasiya kugwirizana nazo.

Pambuyo kugonjetsedwa Germany mu World nkhondo II mbali ya m'dziko la Prussia, kuphatikizapo Konigsberg akale, anasamukira ku USSR. Onse a m'dera anakhalabe mu GDR ndi FRG.

Prussia kumapeto kwa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World

Prussia mu 1945 chaka yaitali ankaimira chilichonse. Pamene boma osiyana kulibe ngakhale chiphunzitso, kaya Germany kutaya. Chifukwa dzuwa chinaikidwa kwa mmodzi wa mitundu yamphamvu kwambiri ku Ulaya. Kapena kutsogolo kwa ife kuyembekezera kukhota latsopano zosayembekezeka? Ndipotu, pamaso pa Kubwera kwa Bismarck ndi Prussia ananeneratu chomwecho.

chifukwa

Prussia - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa masamba kwambiri maganizo a mbiri German. Boma, amene anaika maziko a kuli chi feduro Germany Ndipotu, anali wodziimira amazipanga lalifupi nthawi imaeneyi.

Komabe, nthawi iliyonse pamene Prussia pa mapu anapezeka, ngakhale zinthu zing'onozing'ono za malire ake, nthaŵi zonse zikutsimikizira kuti iye ndi Mphamvu ya Germany, mtima wake ndi ubongo.

Mwanjira nkhani kamodzinso analandira kum'chitira nditaona - Prussians, anthu a m'mayiko Baltic, zimene ife amati ndi Lithuanians ndi Estonians, Germany ndi kuposa Germany okha. Ichi ndi chinsinsi cha mbiri Prussian, koma, makamaka, ndipo amakopeka wake - mu chigonjetso wosatha akugonjetsa nkhondo ndi paradoxes lapansi.