William I 1: yonena, photos, nthawi ya ulamuliro

William I - Duke cha Normandy, mfumu ya England (kuyambira 1066), kulinganiza wa ku Norman anagonjetsa England, mmodzi wa waukulu mu Europe XI andale atumwi.

kulanda kwake kwa England anali zotsatira zazikulu kwa dziko.

ubwana

Mofanana ndi chithunzi aliyense wa m'mbiri ya Ages Middle, William 1 amadziwika ku magwero olembedwa, ambiri omwe bwino anasunga. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, olemba mbiri adakali kukangana pamene Duke cha Normandy anabadwa. Nthawi zambiri ofufuza amanena kuti 1027 kapena 1028.

1 William anabadwa mu Falaise. Icho chinali chimodzi cha yogona ya bambo ake, Robert Mdyerekezi - Kalonga wa Normandy. Ndinali mwana yekhayo wolamulira, amene anali adzakhale mfumu pambuyo pa imfa yake. Komabe, vuto linali chakuti William anabadwa kunja kwa banja ofunda, motero ankaona wapathengo. Mwambo sikuti kuzindikira ana awa kukhala oyenera.

Komabe, Norman mukudziwa wosiyana kwambiri ndi anansi awo. Pakati ake anali amphamvu inertia cha chikhalidwe ndi miyambo ya nthawi achikunja. Mmene izi, wakhanda mwina adzalandira mphamvu.

imfa ya atate ake

Mu 1034 bambo wa William anapita pa ulendo wopita ku Dziko Woyera. Masiku amenewo, ulendo uno anali zinadzala ndi ngozi zambiri. Chifukwa cha ichi, anapanga chifuniro chake, limene ananena kuti mwana wake yekhayo anali kukhala wolandira mutu mu chochitika cha imfa yake. The Duke anamva ngati tsoka lake. Pambuyo ku Yerusalemu, iye anapita kwawo ndi kufa pa njira yopita ku Nicaea mu chaka chamawa.

Choncho Wilhelm 1 anali Duke ya Normandy akadali kwambiri mwana. Komabe, mutu wake wa "woyamba" zogwirizana ndi dzina lake wachifumu England. Mu Normandy, iye anali wachiwiri. Anthu ambiri a apamwamba anali osakhutira ndi chiyambi bongo wa mfumu yatsopano. Komabe, mafumu ang'onoang'ono chiwerengero cha adani sanathe kupereka yabwino zina pabanjapo. Anthu ena mafumu kapena anakhala ansembe kapena ana.

Kufooka kwa boma la duchy anatembenuka kuti Normandy akhoza kukhala akamatsatsa anansi ankhanza. Komabe, izi sizinachitike. chintchito ambiri ndi atsogoleri amene analamulira mu dera lino la France, anali wotanganidwa ndi nkhondo internecine.

Kupanduka wa Norman ambuye

Mu wolamulira wa Normandy anali woyenera overlord - mfumu ya France, Henry I. Malinga ndi mwambo, iye ndiye anali wopereka mnyamata Knight, pamene iye pa msinkhu ambiri. Ndipo kotero izo zinachitika. Mwambo wapadera chinachitika mu 1042. Pambuyo pake, William 1 ndiri nawo ufulu mwalamulo kulamulira duchy wake.

Chaka chilichonse ochuluka n'kusokoneza mu ulamuliro wa boma. Izi zinamukwiyitsa ambuye ambiri ang'onoang'ono. Chifukwa mkangano linaphulika William anathawa kuchoka ku Normandy mfumu ya France. Henry ine sindikanakhoza kuthandizira m'manja wake. Iye anasonkhanitsa asilikali, chimene kwenikweni ndi Wilhelm.

The French anakumana barons ndi kudzikweza Dune Valley. Apa mu 1047 kunali nkhondo. The Duke wamng'ono anadzionetsa ngati munthu wankhondo wolimba, mumapezera ulemu ena. Pa nkhondo mbali ake anasamukira mmodzi wa ambuye ang'onoang'ono, kuti potsiriza kudzasokoneza dongosolo la adani a. Pambuyo nkhondo imeneyi, William anatha atengenso duchy wake.

The nkhondo kwa County la Maine

Kukhala akulamulira yekha Normandy, Kalonga atsopano anayamba kuchititsa yogwira mfundo yachilendo. Ngakhale kuti yokhala ndi France anapitiriza kulamulira mfumu, atumiki yake, anali ndi ufulu wambiri, koma m'njira zina, onse anali paokha.

Mmodzi wa mpikisano waukulu Wilhelm anali Werengerani Anzhu Zhoffrua. Mu 1051, iye analowa yaing'ono Maine loyandikana kwa Normandy. Wilhelm anali m'chigawo cha atumiki awo, chifukwa cha zomwe anapita kukamenyana ndi mnansi. N'kulemba Anjou poyankha Anapempha thandizo la Mfumu ya France. Henry zinachititsa kuti Normandy ndi ambuye ena - olamulira a Aquitaine ndipo Burgundy.

Chiyambi cha yaitali nkhondo yapachiweniweni, amene anadza ndi osiyana la bwino. Limodzi la nkhondo la William chidwi Werengerani Ponte GI I. Iye linatulutsidwa patatha zaka ziwiri, kukhala m'manja mwa mfumu.

French Mfumu Henry ine ndikanafa mu 1060, kenako anamwalira ndi Chiwerengero cha Anjou. Atamwalira chilengedwe cha adani ake, Wilhelm anaganiza mtendere ndi Paris. Iye anapereka lumbiro mfumu yatsopano - wamng'ono Philip I. mikangano pakati olowa mu Anjou Geoffroy walola William potsiriza pogonjetsa Maine wapafupi.

Wonamizira mpando wachifumu English

Mu 1066, Mfumu Eduard Ispovednik anafa England. Iye analibe wolowa nyumba, umene kulimbikitsa nkhani ya Utumiki wa mphamvu. Mfumu inali paubwenzi ndi William - anali ogwirizana. Agogo a Richard II wolamulira pa nthawi ina anathandiza amathawathawa Eduardo chitetezo pa nkhondo ina boma. Komanso, mfumu sanali bwalo lake la magnates ndi zokhumba za mafumu ambiri a ku Scandinavia, amene analinso ndi ufulu wolamulira.

Chifukwa cha ichi, Edward motsogozedwa ndi bwenzi kum'mwera. Sam William I 1 m'chombo ku England kumene anali kuyendera inanyamuka. ubale Trust zinachititsa chakuti mfumu asanafe anatumizidwa ku Duke wa Harold Godwinson (m'manja wake) kuti apereke Iye mpando wachifumu English pambuyo pa imfa yake. Pa njira, mtumiki amene anali mu vuto. Werengerani Guy Ine Ponthieu anam'tenga ukapolo. William Harold anathandiza kuthawa ufulu.

Ukatha msonkhano uwu mwini ang'onoang'ono analumbira kuti adzakhala okhulupirika kwa adzakhale mfumu ya England. Komabe, pambuyo zaka zingapo izo zinasinthiratu. Pamene Edward anafa, achingelezi King Harold analengeza mukudziwa. Uthenga umenewu unali unpleasantly anadabwa Wilhelm. Masuku pamutu bwino wawo, anasonkhanitsa asilikali okhulupirika ndipo anapita zombo chilumba kumpoto.

Organization za ntchito yochotsa England

Kuyambira pachiyambi nkhondo ndi British Wilhelm 1 (amene yonena linadzaza zochita za bwino masamu) adayesetsa ozungulira ku Ulaya mu kumanja. Pakuti uno, iye anapereka lonse olengeza lumbiro limene anapereka Harold. Pa nkhani anachita ngakhale Papa, amene anathandiza Duke ya Normandy.

Wilhelm, kuteteza mbiri anapereka chakuti asilikali ake anatsanulira onse latsopano Ankhondo free, amene anali ofunitsitsa kuthandiza naye nkhondo ufumu chichotsedwa. thandizo "mayiko" kwachititsa chakuti Normandy anali wachitatu wa asilikali yekha. Onse pansi pa mbendera ya William anatembenuka 7000 asilikali ndi zida zamphamvu. Mwa iwo anali oyenda ndi apakavalo. Iwo onse anali pansi pa chombo ndipo nthawi yomweyo anafika pa gombe British.

Iwo sangathe adzatchedwa kudwala-pakati yapadera yomwe kunachitidwa Wilhelm 1. yonena Mwachidule ya mtsogoleri akale imakhala kwathunthu za nkhondo ndi nkhondo, choncho n'zosadabwitsa kuti iye angathe kutsatira chitsanzo chawo kale mlandu wake waukulu.

Nkhondo ndi Harold

Panthawi imeneyi, Harold anali otanganidwa ndi kumpoto kwa England anafuna kukana nkhondo ya Scandinavia Norway. Atamva za ankafika ya Normandy, Harold anathamangira kum'mwera. chakuti asilikali ake anali kulimbana ziŵiri, anati njira zomvetsa chisoni kwa otsiriza achingelezi mfumu.

October 14, 1066 anakumana asilikali adani Hastings. Pankhondo imeneyi inatenga maola oposa khumi, amene anali zosaneneka nthawi imeneyo. Malinga ndi mwambo, nkhondo inayamba ndi wanthawi nkhondo ya Ankhondo awiri asankhidwa. The duel inathera ndi Norman anagonjetsedwa, amene anadula mutu wa mdani wake.

Kenaka kunadza kwa oponya mivi ndi. Anawombera Anglo-Saxon, amene yomweyo anapezeka zikuphedwa apakavalo ndi oyenda. asilikali Harold anagonjetsedwa. Mfumu anaphedwa pa nkhondo.

Kuzinga London, ndi coronation

Pambuyo kupambana ngati la mdani, onse England anali chitetezo ndi William. Iye anapita ku London. otchuka Local unagawanika m'magulu awiri wosiyana. A mbali ang'onoang'ono amafuna kukhala kupewa alendo. Komabe, tsiku lililonse mumsasa anabwera Wilhelm barons latsopano ndi earls amene analumbira kuti adzakhala okhulupirika kwa bwanamkubwa. Pomaliza, December 25, 1066 kutsogolo kwa anatsegula zipata za mzinda.

Kenako mu Westminster Abbey, ndi coronation la William. Ngakhale kuti anali ndi mphamvu yovomerezeka m'chigawo anali akali ndi kusagwirizana m'deralo Anglo-Saxon. Pachifukwa ichi, watsopano Korol Vilgelm 1 ananyamula yomanga ambiri nyumba m'malinga, zomwe zinali linga kwa asilikali ake okhulupirika m'madera osiyanasiyana pa dziko.

Kuthana ndi kukana kwa Anglo-Saxon

Zaka zochepa woyamba, Normandy anali kukhalabe awo kulamulira mwa mphamvu chakuthengo. Opanduka anasiya kumpoto kwa England, komwe kwambiri ndi dongosolo akale. 1 Korol Vilgelm Mgonjetsi anatumiza kawirikawiri usilikali ndipo iye akungokhalira anatsogolera ulendo Chilango. mkhalidwe wake anali kumva chifukwa chakuti opandukawo mothandizidwa ndi Danes, amene anapitiriza ulendo ngalawa kuchokera ku Chile. Panali nkhondo zingapo zofunika ndi mdani, imene opambana anali nthawizonse Normandy.

Mu 1070 ndi Danes anathamangitsidwa England, ndi opanduka lapitali mwa anthu otchuka akale anagonjera mfumu yatsopano. Mmodzi wa atsogoleri a Zionetsero Edgar Eteling anathawira ku Scotland. wolamulira wake Malcolm III chobisa amathawathawa.

Chifukwa cha ichi, ndawala lotsatira, mutu umene iye anaima William I 1 unapangidwa bungwe. Wambiri Mfumu kudzadza kupambana wina. Malcolm anavomera kuti iye monga wolamulira wa England, ndi atalonjeza Pa adani ake pakati pa Anglo-Saxon. Monga umboni wa zolinga zawo Scottish mfumu anatumiza mwana wake monga akapolo David Wilhelm (uyu anali muyezo mwambo kwa nthawi).

bolodi zina

Nkhondo itatha, mfumu ya England anali kuteteza m'mayiko makolo ao Normandy. Iye anapandukira mwana wake Robert, zinamuipira kuti atate ake sanali kum'patsa mphamvu zenizeni. Anapempha thandizo la Philip Mfumu ya France kukhwima. Zaka zingapo anapita pa nkhondo ina, imene wopambana kamodzinso Wilhelm.

wosamwerana madzi Zimenezi zachititsa amatengeka naye ku zochitika mkati mwa English. Komabe, zaka zingapo kenako anabwerera ku London ndipo anayamba mwachindunji. Kupambana chachikulu imatengedwa Buku la. Mu ulamuliro wa Wilhelm 1 (1066-1087) unachitikira kalembera ambiri wambiri dziko mu ufumu. Zotsatira anali zikupezeka mu buku otchuka.

Imfa ndi ana

Mu 1087 Mfumu ya kavalo analowa pa makala amoto, ndipo abweretsa izo. Pamene Mafumu anavulala. Part wa chishalo anamulasa mimba yake. Wilhelm anamwalira miyezi ingapo. Iye anafa pa September 9, 1087. William mwana wake wachiwiri chinaperekedwa kwa English ufumu, ndi akulu, Robert - Norman duchy.

Kugonjetsedwa England kunasintha m'mbiri ya dziko. Masiku ano, aliyense buku la zochitika za Britain pali chithunzi cha William 1. mafumu wake analamulira dziko mpaka 1154.