Queuing dongosolo, mitundu yake ndi sayansi

Ankaona queuing system (QS) ndi njira imene kudzera mwa mwapadera anayamba chida lamavutoli, pali wosangalala zofunika zosiyanasiyana akubwera mu dongosolo. Mbali yaikulu ya dongosolo ndi kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha antchito (utumiki) zipangizo. Zimakhala osiyanasiyana monga wina kwa osawerengeka.

Malinga ndi kuti, pali kuthekera kapena ayi utumiki wodikira, kusiyanitsa dongosolo:

- SMO, pamene panalibe chida umodzi (chida) kuti amakwanitsa ndi kulembetsa mu nthawi anapatsidwa. Pankhaniyi, monga lamulo atayika;

- queuing dongosolo ndi kudikirira, lomwe lili ndi zofunika ndi yosungirako, okhoza kutenga onse a iwo, kupanga ima pamzere ndi;

- dongosolo ndi mphamvu zochepa za galimoto kumene zofooka ndi Mzimuyo mtengo wa ima pamzere wa amafuna kukhuta. Pali anatayika zofunika amene akhoza kumasukirana kukumbukira.

Onse QS osiyanasiyana amafuna ndi ntchito zake zimakhala zochokera pa mwambo utumiki. Chitsanzo cha zitsanzo ngati utumiki kungakhale:

- FCFS / FIFO - m'dongosolo limene chofunika pa anakumana woyamba mu mzere woyamba;

- LCFS / LIFO - QS, kumene woyamba serviced mu gawo lotsiriza lamulo;

- mwachisawawa chitsanzo - dongosolo akwaniritsa zofunikira pa maziko a osankhidwa mwachisawawa.

Childs, dongosolo umenewu ndi dongosolo zovuta.

dongosolo lililonse queuing akufotokozedwa ndi mfundo zotsatirazi ndi siyana:

- chofunika - chilengedwe ndi ulaliki wa pempho utumiki;

- ukubwera otaya - ntchito zonse akwaniritsa zofunikira za kulowa dongosolo;

- utumiki - nthawi zokwanira zopempha utumiki analandira;

- chitsanzo masamu - anafotokoza mu mawonekedwe masamu, ndipo ndi thandizo la zida masamu wa chitsanzo QS.

Monga chodabwitsa zovuta dongosolo la dongosololi, queuing ndi nkhani ya maphunziro a sayansi chiphunzitso Mwina. Monga mbali ya m'madera amenewa wa sayansi, ogaŵikana mfundo zingapo, omwe ndi mokwanira yoyenda yokha queuing chiphunzitso. maganizidwe amenewa amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito njira ziwerengero masamu.

Woyambitsa wa oyamba ano SMO ndi A. Ya. Hinchin, amene m'Malemba mfundo mtsinje wa zochitika homogeneous. Ndiye Chidanishi wanthambo woyendetsa, ndipo kenako - wasayansi Agner Erlang, zachitika mfundo yake (pa chitsanzo cha ntchito telefoni, podikira pempho kukumana kugwirizana), lomwe kale allocated QS ndi chiyembekezo, ndi opanda chiyembekezo.

Kumanga queuing zamakono ndi ambiri njira mawerengeredwe. Palinso ndondomeko ya kafukufuku wochititsidwa ndi njira mawunikidwe, koma njira imeneyi ndi zovuta ndithu. Ndi SMO monga machitidwe amene akhoza kuphunzira mothandizidwa ndi njira zowerengera - mawerengeredwe zowerengera ndi kusanthula zowerengera.

Aliyense dongosolo queuing adzatenge ndi zolemba kuti pali njira muyezo umene ntchito ndi nkhani kukumana. zopempha izi kudutsa otchedwa njira utumiki, amene ali osiyanasiyana mu cholinga chawo ndi zochita zake. Mapulogalamu kubwera nthawi makamaka wachisokonezo, ambiri a iwo, chifukwa chake, kukhazikitsa zomveka causal kugwirizana pakati pa iwo ndi kovuta. mapeto Scientific, tsiku lino, ndi kuti CMO, mu unyinji wawo kwabasi, ntchito mfundo ya randomness.