"Severodvinsk" sitima zapamadzi. Russian wosiyanasiyana sitima zapamadzi nyukiliya

Bulu Russia ndi zodabwitsa popanda zina zamakono nkhondowo sitima zankhondo ano. Imodzi mwa oimira yowala ya banja mwa sitima zankhondo za nyukiliya ankaona sitima zapamadzi "Severodvinsk" - pa brainchild a "Sevmash". July 28, 2014 sitima zapamadzi anasiya makina kumanga ogwira ntchito za kumbuyo zovuta mzinda wa Severodvinsk napita pa ntchito kunkhondo ku madzi a White Sea.

Makina Western za chozizwitsa m'madzi Russia

Russian sitima zapamadzi "Severodvinsk" mu 2014, analenga furor kumadzulo chilengedwe akatswiri asilikali. English magazini The Sunday Times imatiuza: "The West akuopa chirombo kuchokera mu kuya." Malinga ndi atolankhani, nyama - osati kuti zina, monga latsopano Russian kapangidwe - Mipikisano cholinga nyukiliya zoyendetsedwa sitima zapamadzi "Severodvinsk". Akatswiri ambiri amene anafunsidwa ndi m'buku, ananena kuti pambuyo poti anaonekera monga mbali ya yapamadzi, Russia anathyola atsogoleri adziko ukadaulo m'madzi. Sitima zapamadzi "Severodvinsk" - ndi sitima yaikulu ya ntchito za chitukuko 885 "Ash", mu utumiki umene uli 8 launchers chilengedwe, malo mpaka 32 mivi wovuta. Malinga gulu la mivi sitima zapamadzi "Severodvinsk" akhoza kuwononga mipherezero pamwamba ndi gombe ndi pati osiyanasiyana makumi angapo zikwi makilomita. Komanso, submersibles khumi asamenyana ndi zombo mdani.

Nkhani ya sitima zapamadzi wina

Kumpoto zombo za Russian Navy akwezera mmwamba manja awo pa zatsopano nyukiliya zoyendetsedwa ndi chitukuko cha Generation IV. The tsamba loyamba la warship a kalasi chaonekera pa makina kumanga ogwira "Sevmash" mu Severodvinsk December 21, 1993. Pa nthawi imeneyo mmene chuma chikuyendera m'dzikolo sikuloledwa kwa kuyamba m'ziwawa Kumangidwa kwa malo a asilikali. Njira zina opanga chifukwa chakusowa kwa ndalama osauka anayenera kusiya. Grand kapangidwe njira kwa zomangamanga sitima zapamadzi amafuna approvals zina ndi revisions. Mu 2009, ntchito mwa nyanja kalembedwe dziwe "Malachite" mzinda wa St. Petersburg walandira kuvomereza komaliza ndipo anamutengera m'manja munthu pulezidenti chachitatu cha Russian Federation D. A. Medvedevym. Kwa zaka zisanu, kuchokera 2009 mpaka 2014, sitima zapamadzi "Severodvinsk" unachitika ndi lonse ndondomeko kupanga mkombero. Mu November 2013 anatengedwa mayesero nyanja ndi Commission Boma la Utumiki wa silikhali, ndipo June 17, 2014 pa nkhondowo sitima zapamadzi anali mwambo kukazikoloŵeka mbendera ya St. Andrew. Naval sitima zapamadzi Base 10 Division wa mzinda kumpoto zombo Zaozersk muli latsopano wosiyanasiyana sitima zapamadzi nyukiliya.

mbali zamakono za chilombo m'madzi

The mwayi waukulu Russian Premier League - ndi wosanganiza yomanga dongosolo kuti kumachepetsa phokoso ndipo zimapangitsa bwato pafupifupi wosaoneka, choncho invulnerable. Mwachibadwa, onse mwatsatanetsatane ndi luso makhalidwe a ntchito 885 umachitika mu chikhulupiriro lotsatira. Ponena mawu a gwero la utumiki nzeru, The Sunday Times ananena kuti pakutchulidwa koyamba mu kuwala kwa sitima zapamadzi atsopano K 560 "Severodvinsk" nkhawa za United States. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa. Ndipotu, chifukwa cha ntchito chinsinsi, palibe amene akudziwa theka la zimene zikhoza kukhala pa bolodi sitima zapamadzi nyukiliya "Severodvinsk". Pamene akatswiri ankhondo okha kuona nokha zomwe dera nyanja dziko, warship uyu adzalowa ntchito nkhondo.

Luso makhalidwe a sitima zapamadzi nyukiliya

ndi mbali luso sitima zazikulu m'madzi chiyani?

The sitima zapamadzi "Severodvinsk" - malo a asilikali, amene zida mivi sitima ndi njira. Zinchito cholinga cha nkhondowo armament - kugonjetsedwa kwa magulu chonyamulira nkhondo ndi sitima zankhondo mdani angathe. Ena specifications:

• kutalika pazipita ndi 120 mamita;
• Zolemba malire m'lifupi - 14 mamita;
• pazipita kutalika - 10 mamita;
• mphamvu za nyukiliya riyakitala Chabwino-650V ndi 190 MW;
• kusamutsidwa - matani 13.800;
• pamwamba liwiro - 16 mfundo;
• liwiro pamadzi - 31 mfundo;
• kudziyimira pawokha anakhala pansi madzi - 100 masiku;
• chombo tichipeza mamembala 90 a ogwira ntchito.

Chepetsani kuya kwa sitima zapamadzi ndi kusambira ndi mamita 600.

Polimba "kudzazidwa" sitima zapamadzi

Pa "Severodvinsk" ndi zida:

• 10 oponya apparatuses (533 ndi 650 mm);
• 32 supersonic mivi zimafika sitima P-800 "onekisi";
• mapiko X-101 njira mivi;
• mivi sitima, chiwonongeko dziko ZM-14E.

Location looneka - osati uta wa ngalawa, ndipo chipinda cha siteshoni za sitimazi. Chifukwa cha zimenezi Mokweza mlongoti sonar dongosolo "AJAX" ankakhala mu chipinda kutsogolo kwa ngalawayo.

Chida zovuta unsembe wa P-800 "onekisi"

Modern sitima zankhondo Russian mpaka m'badwo wachinayi zili zamphamvu antiship chida P-800 "onekisi" zovuta. Bukuli lakonzedwa kuti akanthe zida Reutov "NPO Machine Building", mlengi dipatimenti mkulu G. Efremov. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, "onekisi" RCC anayamba anayamba mu 80s. Mosiyana akalambula Union, kachitidwe masiku ano konsekonse chomveka ambiri ntchito: chiyambi wopangidwa ndi zombo pamwamba ndi makhazikitsidwe gombe, sitima zankhondo, komanso ndege. Mu 1987 izo zinachitikadi kuponya Launch zovuta. Pambuyo mayesero boma mu 2002 Launcher roketi Analeredwa pa nkhondowo mikono ya Bulu la Chitaganya cha Russia.

Sonar dongosolo "AJAX"

Kwa nthawi yoyamba Russia a kumpoto zombo, chifukwa cha sitima zapamadzi Mipikisano cholinga "Severodvinsk", ali nawo manja awo pa "AJAX" ndi akukhudzidwira ozungulira sonar dongosolo. Mumpanda dongosolo kapangidwe ndi zopangidwa ndi zitsulo AK-32. Izi zitsulo austenitic ndi zokolola mphamvu ya makilogalamu 100 / mm².

Ubwino pa mpikisano

Luso ukulu wa mtundu uwu wa sitima zapamadzi chiri motere:

• mkulu mlingo wa zokha;
• periscopic telemetry MTC-115-2, umene umabala mwachidule pamwamba pa kumiza akuya 50 mamita;
• Chete tinakwera kutsinde galimoto ya;
• dongosolo logwirizana kwa kuukira amanyansidwa za m'madzi ndi mipherezero mdani dziko ofotokoza;
• moyenera dongosolo la zida zamphamvu mantha;
• osiyanasiyana kuya ntchito.

mbali zonse izi mamangidwe kusiya mpikisano awo utsalira. Izi ulemerero luso ndi mwayi waukulu, makamaka nkhondo.

mtengo wa chiyembekezo ntchito ndi chitukuko

Mwalamulo analengeza mtengo wa Russian Premier League ndi biliyoni 47 rubles, lomwe nthawi 2 kuposa mtengo wa ntchito 955 chida nyukiliya "Northwind". zisanu ndi chimodzi "Ash" ntchito ndandanda kumasulidwa posachedwapa. Choncho, tinganene kuti usilikali Chiphunzitso la Chitaganya cha Russia umalimbana pa sitima zapamadzi ilibe Mipikisano cholinga sitima zankhondo za nyukiliya.

Mayeso kupulumutsidwa kapisozi

Kwa nthawi yoyamba mu mbiri ya sitima zapamadzi Russian "Severodvinsk" anatenga gawo mu Pop-mmwamba mayeso ntchito dongosolo kupulumutsidwa chipinda. Pa akuya mamita 40 Bay a Zapadnaya Litsa sitima zapamadzi nyukiliya simulates malo amodzi pa nthaka salembedwa sitima zapamadzi mwadzidzidzi. Akatswiri ndi timu chiyeso nawo masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa oyendetsa anasamutsidwa, kamera iyi ingathe kukhala dalitso lenileni mu anapulumutsira amalinyero a sitima zapamadzi "Kursk".

Tsogolo la Russian sitima zapamadzi zombo

Zotsatira Statistical wa mayiko pakati malonda manja kuti pa nyanja lero ndi 450 nkhondowo sitima zankhondo za makalasi osiyanasiyana. Cholowa cha Russian yapamadzi kwa mayunitsi 60, ndiye pafupifupi aliyense bwato chiwiri - Russian. Mwa nambala iyi zida nkhondowo 10 nyukiliya sitima zankhondo za cholinga njira, ndi ena onse omwe amayendera dizilo, Mipikisano cholinga ndi mwapadera cholinga maboti. Akatswiri nkhondo, ndi 2020, onse a "lakale" sitima zapamadzi ntchito 971 ndi 949 adzakhala modernized ndi okonzeka ndi kachitidwe kamakono nkhondowo, monga sitima zapamadzi nyukiliya "Severodvinsk". Kuti, mfundo, ndithu chake. Pakali pano, ndi Russian sitima zapamadzi zombo analandira sitima zankhondo za nyukiliya mpaka m'badwo wachinayi. Mosiyana ndi Nkhondo yoyamba kuti ali ambiri kuyika zida. zochitika zonse zabwino mu roketi mkulu-osiyanasiyana anasonkhana zovuta izi m'madzi. Sitima zapamadzi "Severodvinsk" boti zida ndi zipangizo zotha amakono a pakompyuta, amathandiza kuti gulu lirilonse la zipangizo mdani kwa zikwizikwi makilomita. Waukulu mwatsatanetsatane "Severodvinsk" ntchito adzakhala Barizilai anaperekeza ndi mchirikizo wa Zombo Zankhondo njira nkhondo.

Makhalidwe luso sitima zapamadzi nyukiliya "Severodvinsk" si wochepa ndi zitsanzo American ndi British, ndiponso m'njira zambiri kuposa. The boti okonzeka ndi patsogolo mphamvu za nyukiliya mbewu maofesi ndi kulankhulana atsopano panyanja.

A mbiri pang'ono

Mu June 1933, Soviet Union kumpoto Flotilla unakhazikitsidwa. Kuyambira nthawi limayamba mbiri ya bulu malire kumpoto Akuluakulu a ku Russia. Popeza May 1937 North Sea zombo anadzatchedwa kumpoto zombo za Russian apanyanja. Ndodo utsogoleri dongosolo lomenyera nkhondo lili Severomorsk. Mkulu loyamba la zombo za wasankhidwa wotsatila asilikali Konstantin Ivanovich Dushenov. Pa June 24, 2011 mtsogoleri wa Russia a kumpoto zombo, asilikali Vladimir Korolev anapatsidwa. Pakali pano, kumpoto asilikali m'munsi mwa malire nyanja chifukwa cha zida ndi oponya sitima zankhondo, odana ndi sitima zapamadzi ndege ndi ndege zonyamulira. The flagship ya North Sea zombo chida cruiser akuti ndi "Potr Veliky". M'munsi chachikulu cha zombo ali Severomorsk, Zaozersk, Gadzhiyevo ndi kumalo ozizira.

The zikuchokera kwa sitima zapamadzi nyukiliya ya kumpoto zombo

Pa nkhondowo mikono ya Kumpoto zombo, kupatula sitima zapamadzi "Severodvinsk", pali eyiti mayunitsi zambiri za masiku ano sitima zankhondo za nyukiliya nkhondowo-okonzeka:

1. TK-208 "wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy". Izi ndi lalikulu njira m'madzi zida cruiser System 941 "Shark", amene choyamba anaonekera angapo nkhondowo sitima zapamadzi zombo mu June 1982. Mu Soviet Union, bwato chafika pa Board Ulemu wa Navy ndi Utumiki wa chitetezo wa USSR. Kumayambiriro a 2015 pa sitima zapamadzi ndi nkhondo wokonzeka zonse.
2. Lolemera sitima zapamadzi TK 17 "Arkhangelsk" kapangidwe dongosolo 941 "Akula". Zombo chombo anaonekera mu February 1988. Mu 2004, pa bolodi "Angelo" anapita Pulezidenti V. V. Putin. Pakali pano, sitima zankhondo zam'madzi ali Navy Reserve. Mu 2018 ku Russian Navy akufuna kutaya msirikali wakale wa Russian sitima zapamadzi zombo.
3. "Petrozavodsk" bwato nyukiliya. System lakonzedwa 671RTMK "Pike", kutenga muyezo mu March 1989. The gulu la "Petrozavodsk" anamuzindikira monga zabwino mu kumpoto zombo. Angapo wopambana wa zikho Navy Commander wa looneka ndi odana ndi sitima zapamadzi maphunziro. NS "Petrozavodsk" nawo kujambula wa zopelekedwa "Russian mozama."
4. Zombo Russian mu December 1989 limodzi ndi sitima zapamadzi "Voronezh" - wopambana atatu nthawi ya Cup wa Civil Code wa Russian Navy chida yowotcha pa zinthu maphunziro. Pambuyo popereka utumwi angapo anamenyapo pafupi ndi kutali malire nyanja wakhala mobwerezabwereza anakonza. Monga wa 2014 ndi nkhondo wokonzeka mokwanira kumpoto zombo.
5. Sitima zapamadzi "Severstal" - pa njira chida cruiser polojekiti chitukuko 941 "Akula". Kuyambira February 1990 ndi kulimbana zida kumpoto mndandanda wa Russia. Mu September 2001, sitima zapamadzi nawo ndikulondera olowa m'dera la chiwonongeko cha sitima zapamadzi nyukiliya "Kursk".
6. Mu February 1991, sitima zapamadzi B-138 "Obninsk" woyamba anaonekera monga mbali ya apanyanja. Medalist a Russian Navy Commander gulu kuukira kwa Zombo Zankhondo. Pa zaka 23 mu utumiki khumi asilikali. Mu December 2014 wakhala anayambitsa sitima chida mu Nyanja Barents.
7. K-410 "Smolensk" (mu zombo ndi 14 March 1991), - nyukiliya sitima zapamadzi ntchito 949A "Antey". Mu December 1992, iye anakhala wopambana wa Civil Code wa Russian yapamadzi kwa chida kuwombera osiyanasiyana yaitali. Mu 2014, iye anali nawo kupulumutsidwa bwato "Barents" mu White Sea.
8. Nyukiliya sitima zapamadzi K-266 "Mphungu" 949A "Antey" ntchito. Pa February 5, 1993 ndi chotengera m'madzi kuti ndikhale wa Navy sitima zankhondo. Prizewinner wa Navy Commander wa roketi moto pa zolinga apanyanja. Membala la zombo pa Navy Tsiku perete mu Severomorsk. Pa bolodi sitima zapamadzi imachitika maphunziro yopulumutsa zochita maphunziro pa sitima zapamadzi nyukiliya "Kursk". Pa chiyambi cha April 2015 ku League Premier, "Mphungu" moto chinayi chipinda.

Russian sitima zankhondo - kunyada ndi mphamvu ya boma, iwo ayenera kukhala ndi modernize.