Wolemba ndakatulo Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky: yonena, zilandiridwenso

Russian ndi Soviet ndakatulo Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky anabadwira pafupi ndi St. Petersburg, ku Tsarskoye Selo (tsopano - mzinda wa Pushkin), 10 April 1895. Choncho, m'nkhani anali kuyembekezera kwenikweni: bambo ake anali kuphunzitsa malamulo a Mulungu mu sukulu imodzi mkulu, pamene wotsogolera anali abwino a akuthandizeni - Innokentiy Annensky. Pali Mwakumana Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky ndi Nikolaem Gumilovym, amene sukulu imodzi anaphunzira, ndi mapeto a moyo, iye ankaona kuti anthu awiriwa ndi aphunzitsi chachikulu.

Njira mabuku

Zoweta, komanso maphunziro kusukulu ya sekondale anali ndi ndakatulo kwambiri, pambuyo analowa University ku mphamvu ya History ndi Philology. Pamene Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky nsangala ankaphunzira mu chaka choyamba yoyamba ya padziko lonse. m'chigawo choyamba cha ndakatulo a ndakatulo iyi anadza nkhondo isanayambe, "zaka sukulu". A buku loyamba la achinyamata Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky ndi mwayi moonetsera (koma nkomwe ntchito) zaka zinayi m'mbuyomo - ". The kuphunzira" mu 1910, pamene ndakatulo wake anaonekera mu magazini

Iwo anali ndi nthawi yodabwitsa! Nearby ndi zolimbitsa thupi akazi, kumene kuphunzira Akhmatova m'tsogolo, koma luso mtsikana Anya Gorenko - Vsevolod bwenzi kwa zaka zambiri. Tsarskoye Selo wogwidwa ndi zofufuza ndakatulo: anthu ake zachifumu dziko wotchuka ndi m'mapaki - ulemerero wa Versailles, kulikonse zinachititsa mogwirizana, kukongola ndakatulo ndi chimwemwe kuti maso. moyo ndakatulo ndi anamvetsera - zokongoletsa zotsatira za ozungulira chinapangitsa kulakalaka wosatha kwa kukongola, kukongola ndi chilungamo. Ndipo mavesi Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky analemba zoterezi chinamulowerera ofanana kwawo mogwirizana ndi chisomo unhurried. Pushkinskaya imasonkhezera zochepa za "tsarskosolov" osati amayambitsa moyo.

makolo

Impact lalikulu kwambiri pa kukoma ndakatulo a ndakatulo iyi anali mayi ake, amene anali polemba makalata ndi countryman chake chachikulu - Leo Tolstoy. Iye anachokera ku banja yaikulu okongoletsedwa koma anaphunzitsidwa ndi chibadwire anali wanzeru kulenga, zosangalatsa, anali ndi nkhani zambiri za ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito mawu: zolankhula ndinaumbidwa madzimadzi, yosalala ndi nthawi wochezeka.

bambo Wolemba ndakatulo unabadwa malo amenewo, amene mwana wake anafunika kuteteza pa Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo - Suli kutali Tikhvin. Apa m'chilimwe banja anayenda patchuthi, ndi ndakatulo tsogolo anatenga chithumwa moyo wakumudzi m'mudzi Ilinskoe chimodzimodzi akalola kuposa kukongola olondola a mumzinda wakwawo. Kuphatikiza chachilendo ndi chodabwitsa, komanso zosangalatsa kwambiri zopezeka mizere ndakatulo. Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky analemba ndakatulo zonse blooded, ndi kumverera khola la chisangalalo komanso mogwirizana ndi dziko.

Kuphatikiza whimsical

moyo ndakatulo nthawi zonse imodzi coexisted mu ubwino ndi chimwemwe zosiyanasiyana komanso si ofanana ndi zinthu wina ndi mnzake: moyo wakumudzi nsalu osambiramo mzinda, mu losavuta wamba chilankhulo - mkulu nzeru. Inakhalapo ndi luso. Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky analemba ndakatulo achisangalalo ndi okondwa ngakhale kuti chi iye anapatsidwa yemweyo: molimba, wouma mtima, nthawizina - opanda chifundo.

Ndipo, pamene anakomoka, izo zinkawoneka, chirichonse monga sunbeam ndi likusonyeza zaka zovuta kwambiri mu maudindo a mabuku ake: "Chilimwe" - kope 1921, "Tsamba kwa munda" - 1939 ... The nthawi yemwe anakumanapo Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky, amene yonena anamanga zaka zoposa makumi asanu ndi atatu, kungolandira zonse zimene zikuchitika ku dziko lakwawo, izo umaonekera ntchito yake, popanda ululu ndi pathos.

kukhulupirika Nyimbo Zamafoni

Ndipo ntchito zake wotsatira kuti sanasiye chidaliro kuti: ". Musataye mbandakucha" "Oriole", "mabukuwa Russian", "Golden Yophukira" ... Ngakhale buku lomaliza lofalitsidwa asanafe, mu 1976, wotchedwa Sunny ndakatulo, tisangalale ndi n'zosadabwitsa wololera. No phokoso, mkokomo ndi mabingu a nyengo yatsopano sudakhoza kuyigwedeza mwangwiro Pushkin Kukonda moyo, organic, kumverera nthawi yaitali, pafupi imene nkhondo zonse ndi kusintha - makamaka yaing'ono, ngati fumbi pa zeze wa Orpheus.

otsutsa ambiri amakhulupirira kuti azeze limene waponya Nikolai Gumilev, anakweza izo Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky. yonena ake sasiyana ndi amenewa lakuthwa motsatana, matsoka ndi ungwazi monga gumilovskaya. Koma firii kotala zaka kulemba wopatsa anasangalala mavesi - izi ndi zoposa ft, sichoncho?

Pachiyambi

Wolemba ndakatulo wamng'ono kwambiri, mwayi kwambiri ndi akuthandizeni. Journal of "The kuphunzira," amene anapangidwa pamaziko a Choyamba zolimbitsa thupi Petersburg, lolembedwa ndi mphunzitsi Latin, amene pambuyo ankagwira monga novelist mbiri Vasiliy Grigorevich Yan, amene Saga za Genghis Khan ndi Batye nthawi zonse adzakhala otchuka kwambiri, iwo amasuliridwa m'zinenero zoposa makumi asanu. Dzina lenileni la mphunzitsi wa Latin - Yanchevetsky, izo anali ndi kukonzedwanso chake choyamba, mwana ndakatulo. Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky kapena buku loyamba zaka sekondale, palibe buku la magazini a "The kuphunzira" konse republished, akuganiza kuti imitative ndi wophunzira.

Komabe, pogwira, iwo sadali ngakhale m'banda. Apukhtin, Nadson ndi akulu ... kwambiri anthu amene amadziona alakatuli tchimo akutenga ndalama pafupifupi mwachindunji, omwe Khirisimasi yaing'ono kulibe. Adzizungulira, omwe ali odzipereka kutchito ya Pushkin, bwino ndinaganiza, molondola kulemedwa, zokuzira ndi chidwi ndi luso wowerengeka, kusinkhasinkha za Baratynsky anadabwa prochuvstvovaniyu malingaliro ndi kuti si chibadidwe matalente wamng'ono.

ophunzira

Kuyambira mu 1914 Rozhdestvenskiy Vsevolod Aleksandrovich kutchulidwa mu mndandanda wa ophunzira St. Petersburg University. mukubwadamuka Political, mtsutso sizitanthauza anakhudza, iye sanali kutenga mbali iwo. Chimakono, mayesero ambiri malo ake, nayenso kumuyandikira sanatero, kotero si ulemu monga Bloc. Koma popanda kwambiri chibwenzi tsogolo, ndipo tsopano wasiya. Pa mkhalidwe womwewo anaphunzira Larisa Reisner, chithunzi chowala, Musataye khalidwe limeneli kutali.

Pamodzi anapita ndi mphamvu "Circle woyimba" ndipo anali pafupifupi mofanana yogwira. bambo Larissa anathandiza kufalitsa magazini, limene linali thupi la makapu, lotchedwa "Rudin". Kunapezeka okwana zipinda zisanu ndi zitatu, amene anali ndakatulo zitatu zimene zinalembedwa kale ndi ndakatulo wamkulu - Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky. Iwo sanali kalabu, izo zinali sukulu ya ndime imene anaona Yesenin, Mandelstam ndi zina zambiri St. Petersburg ndakatulo za nthawi.

kusankha

Pang'ono ndi maganizo demokalase ndi chosintha mukopedwe Larissa Reisner anayamba kukhala ndi mzimu mwa bwalo. Iye ali mu October 1917 udachita kutchuka wosatha ngati Commissioner ya Baltic zombo. A mkulu wa Red Army anakhala Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky.

"Liwu la Mama" - ndakatulo wotchuka mu 1941 - adawomba zokwera ndi chifukwa ndakatulo wamng'ono anali kotala zana zapitazo, pamodzi ndi battalion wake mu zochitika zonse zimene zinawachitikira amene analenga dziko kwambiri, umene, yosalekerera miyoyo yawo, kumenyana anthu onse.

misonkhano

Kumapeto kwa moyo Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky analemba autobiography "Masamba a Moyo", ndi buku unakhala pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo m'chipani, ngakhale si yaing'ono kufalitsidwa. Ichi ndi chifukwa anthu moyo wake kawiri kawiri chabe modabwitsa ndi lodziwika bwino. Mwachitsanzo, iye anali mphunzitsi mu banja Maksima Gorkogo, ndi wolemba anali ndi maganizo kwambiri luntha a mnyamatayo, anatenga moyo wake kulenga mbali achangu, ndipo ambiri mofunitsitsa anayankhula kwa analangiza, analangiza. Ine ndinalankhula kwambiri ndi Khirisimasi ndi khamu zodabwitsa "Nyumba ya ndakatulo iyi" mu Koktebel - Maksimilianom Voloshinym.

Osati ndakatulo pachabe Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky odzipereka ngati "sayansi ya chimwemwe." Tinakumana ndi Alexander Blok kwambiri akufotokozera zokonda ndakatulo. Kukoka kwa molondola ndi rigor acmeism zapita, anayamba matsenga ndi matsenga nyimbo lamkati la mawu. Pamene chipika chinatha kugona ndi acmeists, Khirisimasi anakhalabe ndi Bloc kuti asalembe "popanda Mulungu, kudzoza." Science ndakatulo tingaphunzire mosavuta, ngati kukoma ndi wopanda. Ndipo m'kulimbika kumene kwa ufulu wawo, nayenso, iye anali ndakatulo Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky.

ndakatulo nkhondo

The Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo anapanga asilikali ndakatulo ndi kwenikweni pa tsiku loyamba. "Pakuti chitetezo cha Leningrad" - nyuzipepala anatumiza makalata ake, ngakhale ntchito yovuta kwambiri. Kuwonjezera apo, anatumizidwa ku Seventh Army ndipo anagwira ntchito nawo nkhondo. Pa mawu omwewo nthawi, ndi ndakatulo. Mu 1943 anafalitsa buku 'Mau a Mama "ndipo mu 1945 -" Ladoga ". Awa anali maumboni osiyanasiyana kuti ndakatulo kuti mwina kuti ndakatulo ndinaona kumva ndi anamvera. Odes ndi satires, essays, m'Chiarabu, makalata ndi nyimbo.

Koma, poyamba, kulikonse mawu ndakatulo Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky anali chimaonekera ndipo woyera. mbuye - m'njira yabwino ya mawu - ndi traditionalist: luso chakale limayenda ndi lalikuru, zovuta zinachitikira moyo wa zoyambirira za mazana makumi awiri, iwo anadutsa kwambiri kuyesa kubwerera kwa akufa ambiri itha stylistic ndikuyenda, koma owerenga anali mu chidule okhwima, wodzala ndi moyo woyera kupuma.

nthawi unawonongedwa

nkhondo inali yovuta. Pasanapite nthawi kuchokera pamene anamalizidwa mu 1947, anafalitsa buku 'Amayi Road ", kenako ndakatulo anali chete kwa zaka khumi. Pambuyo ndakatulo nkhondo moyo si nthawi yomweyo mu maganizo kwa dziko lakale ndi mogwirizana. Ndipo ine kulemba boma akanatha aliyense chilichonse, osati Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky. Kupondereza mbakuya yekha apolisi, ngakhale pamaso zitasintha, pamene yunivesite ya St. Petersburg, ngati tsache, kusesa pamwamba ophunzira dissident. Kuwonjezera pa ntchito ya ndakatulo, Vsevolod Alexandrovich akanakhoza kuchita akadali kwambiri, ochuluka kwambiri.

Ndithudi, iye anagwiritsa ntchito luso podikira kuti mtendere wa mumtima. Chinkhoswe pomasulira, iye analemba za zisudzo libretto (olembedwa ndi anawapulumutsa fifitini, pakati pawo masewero a ambiri akhala zapamwamba). Nthawi yomalizira ya zilandiridwenso - ndi ndakatulo - pafupi kwathunthu amatenga mutu wa luso Russian. Analemba mndandanda wa ndakatulo odzipereka kwa wamanga wamkulu mu Russia. Ndakatulo philosophizes akuganizira mitunda mbadwa. Ndipo malo lalikulu kwambiri mu ntchito zake zimakhala memoir.

Caucasus

Kukonda izi m'mbali wodala ndi oyamikira anayambitsa kumbuyo mu 20s, ndipo anabwerera kuno nthawi Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky moyo wanga wonse. maulendo amenewa zikugwirizananso mu ndakatulo "Tsei", "Vasso Hunter", "Msonkhano Caucasus" ndi ena ambiri. Nawu sizidzatha gwero la ndakatulo ntchito yake.

Mountain M'zinthu - choyambirira katswiri ndakatulo. Kukongola mphamvu zachilengedwe m'dera anatha yothandizana chilengedwe wokondeka wa midzi Tikhvin ndi lolemera kuwonda Tsarskoye Selo mitundu. Tseyskoe chigwa anakopeka ndakatulo, monga maginito, choncho chidaliro chibadidwe a ndakatulo iyi akukhala ngati nkhanza, ndi kudzoza wapatsidwa monga mfuti.