N. A. Nekrasov, "Panaevskom mkombero": mndandanda a mavesi

Nikolai Nekrasov kwenikweni kugwirizana ndi anthu ambiri ndakatulo za Russia. minda wosatha, m'misewu yafumbi, mavuto a moyo wamba - izi zonse zimaonekera mwa mawu ake, ndipo mu Nekrasov lonse. "Panaevskom mkombero" - mndandanda wa ndakatulo, kukusokonezani kwa bwino kwa ife mitu ili ndi ndakatulo weniweni chikondi, mzera uliwonse umene ali odzipereka kwa mkazi ndakatulo, ngakhale boma - Avdote Panaevoy. ubwenzi wawo unali wovuta koma zimakhala zosangalatsa kuti ndi kosatheka kuti kulankhula za iwo.

womdziwa

Mu 1842, tsoka anatenga achinyamata Nicholas ndi Avdotya Panayev, nee Bryansk, limodzi mwa magulu a boma. "Inu nthawizonse wokongola kwambiri" - analemba ndakatulo ya kudziwana latsopano. Zinali chikondi pa kuwonana koyamba, ndipo n'zosadabwitsa: Avdotya wamng'ono, wooneka bwino, luso mabuku. Iye anaona kwambiri m'dziko la, okonzera ake yapamwamba anakopeka anthu enanso ambirimbiri amene kwambiri wolemekezeka St. Petersburg olemba. Komanso, Panaeva, ngakhale nambala yaikulu mafani anali kwathunthu wodzipereka kwa mwamuna wake, ngakhale nayenso, sanali amasiyana makhalidwe abwino ndi khalidwe labwino.

Mu kuziwerenga wa Avdotya mpaka anafika Fyodor Dostoevsky, koma Panaeva Musalole asapita kukhala. Kumene, umakondwera Nekrasov mwina koma yesani mwayi wake. Ndipo monga ambiri pamaso pake, iye anali kukana osasunthika. Chikondi ndi lyricist pafupifupi svol miyoyo mwini Komabe, analephera kuletsa.

Pamodzi!

Koma zikuoneka, mapeto ankafuna kuti ndakatulo ndi imasonkhezera wake anali pamodzi. Patatha zaka zinayi Nekrasov kachiwiri anavomereza maganizo ake, koma nthawi iyi Avdotya anamuyankha pobwezera. Ndicho chimene chinayambitsa chikondi mawu Nekrasov - ". Panaevskom mkombero" Nicholas ndi Avdotya analowa m'banja aboma, koma osati wamba - iwo ankakhala mu nyumba Panaeva Komanso Ivan Panaev anali nawo mwachindunji ukwati wawo - yemweyo "Cupid de A trois", lomwe linabwerezedwa pambuyo theka zaka Mayakovsky ndi banja Brik.

Mu 1849, ndiko koposa zaka zitatu, anabadwa woyamba Nekrasov ndi Panaeva. Mwatsoka, mwanayo sanali zoyembekezeka moyo wautali. Komabe nthawi yovuta kulenga Nekrasov "Panaevskom mkombero" - mndandanda wa ndakatulo, zomwe zimasonyeza onse amakonda mkazi uyu champhamvu.

chi

Mu 1848, "Contemporary" - pa brainchild wa Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina, kusandulika chifukwa cha kuchepa ake mu malo a Nekrasov - ndi mavuto kwambiri. ulamuliro Censorial anaphonya yaikulu ya chuma, kukopa owerenga anali pachabe. The chitsitsimutso cha magazini otchuka pamodzi ndi ndakatulo iyi ntchito ndi Avdotya. Kumathandiza kukonza ntchito, zomwe zikuphatikizapo m'buku, anandiuza angapo nkhani yake yochepa kuti ilembedwe. Izi zikutanthauza kuti akhoza adzaweruzidwa kuti odzipereka Nekrasov "Panaevskom mkombero" (mndandanda wa ndakatulo za chikondi) mwamtheradi si wamba iye. mkazi zimenezi ayenera chithandizo chotere.

ubwenzi yovuta

Chikondi ndakatulo Nekrasov - "Panaevskom mkombero" - ndi buku lenileni, amene akuuza nkhani yonse ya chikondi cha ndakatulo ndi imasonkhezera wake, kuyambira pa chiyambi mpaka kumapeto. Iwo ankawoneka kuti anali kukhala mnzake, koma kukhala mu mtendere sakanakhoza. mikangano zonse ndi mikangano, zoipa wosatha, imfa ya mwana, amene kwambiri kugwedezeka thanzi Nekrasov - kaya zonse zimenezi kwathandiza kuti banja likhale losangalala ndi chodziwikiratu. Panaeva ndi Nekrasov zonse adagawana nadza pamodzi kachiwiri. Tikakumana ndi kusungulumwa ndakatulo analemba ndakatulo ndi zambiri za zinthu zakale ake, Pakati Mwachitsanzo, "Mvula Cross ali mbali yake" ndi ena ambiri. Ndiye Panaeva anabwerera ndipo anayambiranso sabata wodzazidwa ndi zilandiridwenso olowa ndi chikondi mokhudza.

Imodzi mwa mikangano zazikulu zomwe zinachitika m'ma makumi asanu, koma posakhalitsa Avdotia atayenda ndi ndakatulo ku Ulaya, kumene anali kufunafuna njira zochizira wina wa matenda awo. "Ndife anthu opusa" - iye analemba lyric, sanafune kukhumudwitsa mkazi yemwe iye ankakonda kwambiri, natengedwa mu ndakatulo wake.

pamapeto

"Kuyambira kale, wakanidwa iwe" - mmodzi wa mkombero chomaliza cha ndakatulo. The gawo loyamba la mbiri Panaeva Nekrasov ndipo idatha zaka zao za sikisite oyambirira - pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri. Iwo akhala Inde, kwambiri, koma mu zaka zapitazi ndakatulo, amene anali ndi matenda a pakhosi makamaka anagwera mu maganizo yaitali ndipo anakhala nthawi pa tebulo khadi. Avdotya anataya ana kwa mkazi woyamba, ndi Nekrasov, ndipo posakhalitsa anamwalira, ndipo Ivan yekha Panaev zonse wakhala nthawi yaitali nawo. Ndipo nkosatheka kwa nthaŵi yaitali sasintha.

Chimene Nikolai Nekrasov kamodzi analemba, "Inu nthawizonse wokongola kwambiri", Tsopano mawu ake anaonekera wotopa ndi kutopa, nthawi zina ankakangana, ayi. Pa chiganizo chilichonse mawu anayamba zolunda ndi zimene sizikuyenda bwino, mawu kwenikweni oozed voteji izi. Zonse zikuthera mu 1863 pamene Avdotya Panaeva kumanzere ndakatulo, kamodzi kwa nthawi zonse.

popanda izo,

Patapita kanthawi Nekrasov anakumana ndi French, kusewera Russian Mikhailovsky Theatre. Kuwala ndi osasamala, ngati butterfly, Ammayi anatembenuka mutu wake kotheratu ndakatulo. Zikuoneka kuti izi n'zimene zinamuthandiza kuti mosavuta kupulumuka kulekanitsidwa Panaeva. Koma ubale awa sali anachedwa. Kamodzi, Ammayi ananena kuti iye asamukire ku Russia sinditi, pamene ndakatulo sanafune kupita ku dziko lina.

Pambuyo anakumana ndi Fokloy Anisimovna, losavuta m'mudzi mtsikana amene anakhala Galatea wake. Kukupatsa latsopano dzina (Zinaida Ivanovna), ankamuphunzitsa ndizosowa ulemu, anasonyeza mmene zinthu pagulu, adatenga kulikonse kumene iye akanakhoza, kwa mtsikana osaphunzira posachedwapa amakonda dziko latsopano. Wolemba ndakatulo anali okoma mtima kwambili kwa onse amitima yokoma awo; ankawathandiza ndalama, kuyesera mwanjira kukhala wochezeka. Koma sitiyenera kuiwala mfundo yakuti ndakatulo "Elegies atatu" ukuimira kwa mutu, iye anadzipereka kuti Panaeva ndipo osati wina.

popanda izo,

Atamwalira mkazi woyamba ndi yopuma ndi ndakatulo iyi Avdotia kukwatirana. Koma tsoka, izo sizinali zoyembekezeka wosangalala mgwirizano umenewu - kusankha latsopano linali ngati wopulupudza monga Pan. Mu banja anabereka mwana wamkazi, kwathunthu anasiya kulera ake, ndipo kenako mwamuna wake anachoka dziko lina, kusiya zakale Panayev wochotseka. Amadziwika kuti ndi chidutswa cha mkate Avdotia udachita kulemba nkhani, koma iye anali kupita kupyola kwambiri - buku kuti Nekrasov utatsalirabe banga mdima pa mbiri.

mwachidule

Kukangana amene a iwo kukhomerezeka zina, zovuta. Komano, kodi Nekrasov analemba "Panaevskom mkombero" (mndandanda wa mavesi amene impregnated ndi chikondi ndi chilemekezo) mkazi wina? Kodi iye anazindikira monga ndakatulo mosathandizidwa zonse palibe wolemba zochepa luso?

Chifukwa Avdotya iye anakangana ndi Turgenev, yomwe ikusonyeza Panaeva ena litigation, ndi Tolstoy ndi Ostrovsky, ngakhale milandu yotsirizira awiri, amasewera yofunika amakopeka mawu demokalase, amene ali olandiridwa kwambiri masiku amenewo. Koma ndakatulo "Elegies atatu" kuti ali choncho yophiphiritsira limasonyeza chiwerengero cha akazi amene lyricist anayesa kumanga ubale, anapereka izo Panaeva. Ofufuza ena amati Nekrasov moyo wanga wonse ankamukonda. Tiyeni "mtanda wolemera kwa iye kugawana," koma iwo anamubweretsa iye pamodzi.