Reagents ndi zinthu, popanda zomwe n'zosatheka kukaphunzira sayansi

umagwirira kugawa aliyense zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena. Popeza kuti reagents - chinthu chimene chingathe mizimu yoipa thanzi la munthu yosungirako awo zofunika kuzikwaniritsa.

gulu 7

Chemical reagents mu gulu ili ndi mkulu kawopsedwe Choncho Kusinthaku awo, pali zofunikira zina. iwo ali otetezedwa, amene ankakhala mu laborantskoy. Iye ali ndi kiyi wa wothandizira, komanso mphunzitsi wa umagwirira.

kusungiramo mankhwala yoletsedwa ku sukulu ya sekondale, ndipo mu Laboratories mabungwe apamwamba maphunziro, pamaso pawo kokha analola ngati kuti yapadera kuchokera pa mutu wa m'banja. Laboratory amachititsa ziyang'aniridwe ndi ndalama za zinthu zina, kulemba mu magazini yapadera.

List mankhwala zochita kupanga analola zasayansi sukulu

Lembani mankhwala zofunika zochita kupanga, amene amaloledwa kwa zatsopano chionetsero mu maphunziro umagwirira kusukulu:

• zinthu losavuta: zitsulo sodium, crystalline ayodini, madzi bromine;
• hydroxide sodium, oxides zitsulo ndipo sanali zitsulo;
• salt, kuphatikizapo mankhwala zovuta, dichromates ndi chromates;
• njira acid.

zinthu organic

Onani reagents ndi organic zinthu zimene zimapangidwira mphunzitsi angagwiritse ntchito mu kupanga asukulu maluso othandiza:

• aniline;
• organic zidulo;
• benzene;
• phenol;
• formalin.

kuti amafuna otetezeka mankhwala

Safe wokwera mu umagwirira laborantskoy kwa kasungidwe reagents, gulu 7, Nthawi zambiri zitsulo olimba pepala. Anandilola ndi khazikitsa dongosolo matabwa, ngati kunja otetezeka wodzaza ndi chitsulo, makulidwe a omwe si zosakwana 1 mm.

Pali zofunikira ndi malo a otetezeka. Popeza kuti reactants ndi magwero yayenda, muyenera kusankha malo mu abwino, kuti zinali zosavuta kuti vuto la moto.

Standard specifications ntchito zinthu mkulu thupi

Pakati pa reagents kuti ndi katundu zofanana, angathe otchulidwa zachitsulo nthaka, calcium, lifiyamu, okusayidi ndi hydroxide, calcium, ku feteleza zitsulo iodide, permanganate potassium potassium nthaka mankhwala. reagents Awa ndi mankhwala a bwino ngozi Choncho, zatsopano nawo ankaloledwa kuyang'aniridwa mwachindunji mphunzitsi.

M'gulu mndandanda ndipo zinthu organic monga diethyl efa, acetone, alcohols, cyclohexane, chloroform, mafuta. reagents oterowo ndi zinthu zimakhudzanso mantha dongosolo anthu, kotero iwo amachotsedwa mndandanda wa kukonzekera mankhwala ntchito m'masukulu ochiritsira maphunziro ntchito ndi zasayansi zatsopano zothandiza.

kalasi akhoza munkakhala (zokhoma) kagulu 8 yekha mankhwala amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito ndi zasayansi zatsopano zothandiza. reagents oterowo ndi zinthu amakhala otetezeka thanzi la ana. Mwachitsanzo, njira ya mankhwala enaake ndi sodium sulphate potaziyamu, calcium mankhwala enaake.

malamulo posungira sukulu ang'onoang'ono

M'masukulu ang'onoang'ono a kumidzi zomwe salolera pamaso pa malo apadera pansi chipinda laborantskuyu, kusunga mankhwala ayenera kulipira mwapadera. Mwachitsanzo, asidi reagent imene anthu ambiri woukitsa kuposa 50 peresenti, adzaikidwe mu chatsekedwa thumba pulasitiki ndipo anamumanga.

Alkalis kuti ali mu mkhalidwe olimba, uyenera kukhala chapatali ndithu zidulo, mwa kusunga ndi ma CD fakitale. Pa kutsegula botolo ndi hydroxide ndi sodium kapena potaziyamu ayenera mwamphamvu anatseka, ndiye aikidwa mu thumba pulasitiki kapena mtsuko, amene mwamphamvu anatseka pakamwapo a.

Only ndi amadzimadzi njira ya ammonia ndi acid amathiridwa ali mkulu nthunzi kuthamanga, choncho n'kofunika kuti aletse zikayamba cha phukusi. Monga miyeso zina chitetezo pamene ntchito ndi reagents zimenezi akuti ntchito zisoti zina kusindikiza, mapepala apulasitiki pa gombe.

Ngati palibe chipinda kwa reagents osiyana Kusinthaku magulu 2,5,6 awalola Co-malo mu nduna chomwecho. Pankhaniyi, m'pofunika kwa gulu lirilonse kuti kutenga alumali osiyana. Njira ndi kuwayika pa alumali chapamwamba reagents, gulu 5 pansipa zikhoza aziwapatsa zinthu mabanki gulu 6, pansi pa nduna magulu 2 kupulumutsa reagents.

Pomaliza

Bungwe lililonse maphunziro, umene ukuyenera ntchito maphunziro ndi ntchito owonjezera curricular mankhwala, pali malangizo apadera, chimene danga zina ndi allocated kwa iwo. Classic zasayansi yachigawo makabati ntchito kunyumba mankhwala, alimbane ndi zipangizo zamakono polymeric amene ali kugonjetsedwa ndi mavuto chilengedwe aukali.

Popeza chotero cladding zoteteza, n'kofunika kuphimba mbali zonse za mkati mwa nduna utoto mafuta mu zigawo 2-3 kupanga bumpers pa maalumali, kutalika kwa amene ayenera 3 cm.

Pofuna kuteteza maalumali kwa madzi, iwo anaika zigawo zingapo filimu polyethylene. Kuwayika mipando umagwirira laborantskoy imagwiridwa ndi mwambo malamulo okhwima chitetezo moto.

Pa khoma kapena pa khomo laborantskoy umagwirira m'kalasi, ayenera kukhala malangizo chitetezo ntchito, wotsimikiziridwa ndi kusainidwa ndi mkulu wa bungwe maphunziro, ali nacho chosindikizira cha bungwe.