Russian nyukiliya Makampani: Makampani, mbali yaikulu ndi ntchito

Popeza kukulozani mu 1954 mu mzinda wa Obninsk, woyamba magetsi m'dziko kugwira ntchito mu mphamvu ya isotopes ureniamu, akuyamba mbiri wake wa makampani nyukiliya. Izo zinakonzedwa kuti chiwerengero cha mphamvu nyukiliya pamwamba pa Zakachikwi wachiwiri udzakhala osachepera 25% kupanga magetsi padziko lonse lapansi. Koma mwatsoka, chifukwa ngozi zoopsa, kuphatikizapo Chernobyl podzafika m'chaka cha 2000 kudzera mwa mafuta nyukiliya anali zinayenda% 6 okha a magetsi dziko.

Komabe, ngakhale ntchito losauka ku makampani anapanga zinthu zingapo. Iwo amakhala kufunika kwakukulu kumabungwe chuma, chitetezo komanso mafakitale m'mayiko ambiri.

Gulu la makampani nyukiliya

Koposa theka zaka za chitukuko cha luso nyukiliya ku Russia unakhazikitsidwa anayi akuluakulu, inextricably zogwirizana mzake sayansi ndi mafakitale zovuta:

1. Mphamvu. Kuyang'anira migodi, patsogolo ndi kupanga mafuta nyukiliya, chirengedwe amakampani m'madera monga mphamvu nyukiliya, mafakitale, makampani nyukiliya.
2. Zida. Imayang'anira chitukuko ndi chiyesedwe cha mitundu yatsopano ya zida za nyukiliya.
3. Cheza chitetezo. Ndi Cholinga kuteteza mibadwe yalelo ndi ku mavuto a ionizing cheza.
4. Nyukiliya mankhwala. Amadzala kukonzekera radionuclide ku matenda ndi mankhwala a matenda.

Komanso makampani nyukiliya ndi zikuphatikizapo kafukufuku zovuta, umene ukugwira chitukuko cha chidziwitso wachibadidwe ndi ntchito sayansi ya nyukiliya ndi nyukiliya Chombo zombo. Panopa Russian makampani nyukiliya zikuphatikizapo zoposa 250 makampani. ntchito yake yaikulu - onse ntchito njira zamakono nyukiliya zolinga mtendere.

mphamvu zovuta

Chifukwa cha kugwirizana pafupi malonda nyukiliya ndi ya chitetezo cha dziko, mphamvu zonse anaikira mu manja a State Corporation "Rosatom". Zinali iye amene anali kuyang'anira chitukuko ndi kutumizgika umisiri nyukiliya ku dera la zochita za anthu. Ureniamu ndi ncho makamaka Kazakhstan. Makampani nyukiliya akukonza kukuza malire ake ndi kugwirizana ndi maiko ena - Namibia, Armenia, Canada.

Ureniamu patsogolo ndi chinkhoswe m'magulu anayi olowa katundu, ndi kupanga mafuta nyukiliya chachikulu kampani "TVEL", umene amapereka zonse 10 zikugwira ntchito nyukiliya zomera mphamvu Russia, komanso 17% ya zomera zonse mphamvu za nyukiliya mu dziko.

Nyukiliya Zida ovuta

Mabizinezi zida za nyukiliya zovuta si subdivisions osiyana makampani chitetezo cha Russia. Iwo amagwira ntchito limodzi ndi mabungwe ena, kuphatikizapo makampani boma. The ogula waukulu nyukiliya kupanga mphamvu gawo ili ndi sitima, magalimoto ndi mafuta ndi mpweya makampani.

Ntchito yaikulu ya NWC, womwenso makampani nyukiliya, ndi wozengereza malamulo a deterrence nyukiliya - chitetezo cha m'deralo ndi nzika za dziko la zida za nyukiliya ku mayiko ena. Chifukwa chaichi, zovuta zikuphatikizapo malo angapo feduro nyukiliya.

Cheza Safety ovuta

Kuteteza anthu ndi chilengedwe ku cheza kukhudzana - ndi wosasintha tenet a "Rosatom".

Pofuna kukwaniritsa izi, zovuta zikuphatikizapo makampani akuluakulu, amene chaka wasankha pa mbali ziwiri:

• Kuonetsetsa ntchito otetezeka amakampani alipo malonda nyukiliya. ntchito kutetezela nyukiliya masoka achilengedwe, zochita zigawenga, komanso chilengedwe ku cheza pano amakonzedwa ndi zomwe zagwiridwa kale.
• Kutaya zatsalira anakhala mafuta, komanso kuwonongedwa kwa maofesi dilapidated "Atomic Project" wa USSR.

Chaka chilichonse kuthana ndi mavuto awa makampani nyukiliya amalandira biliyoni 150 rubles.

mankhwala nyukiliya

Mogwirizana ndi Federal Biomedical Agency analenga zovuta mankhwala nyukiliya, amene adzakhala yoyenda yokha kwathunthu. Unakhazikitsidwa kale PET-pakati (positron umuna tomography) zida zomwe zidzandizindikiritsa magawo oyambirira chitukuko chotupa metastasis ndi zotupa pathological.

Zovuta zikuphatikizapo Laboratories kuti kovuta isotopes ndi ulamuliro quality, komanso mwachindunji malo zachipatala, imene matenda ndi chithandizo cha odwala.

luso nyukiliya mbe mu miyoyo yathu. Tsopano mu dziko m'dera lino wotanganidwa pafupifupi 190 zikwi. Man. Ndipo n'zosadabwitsa kuti boma kumatanthauza tsiku kalendala - September 28 kuti wantchito wa makampani nyukiliya tinganene kuti holide awo akatswiri.