Sakharov Prize. The mphoto "Pakuti ufulu wonena maganizo 'Andrei Sakharov

Sakharov Andrei Dmitrievich (anabadwa 05.21.1921, anafa 14.12.1989) - ndi wasayansi kwambiri, m'modzi wa omwe adayambitsa ya bomba wa hydrogen, woyamba womenyera ufulu ufulu wa anthu Soviet wandale, Academician wa USSR, wopambana wa Nobel Peace Prize. zolemba Scientific ndi ndale Sakharov amasuliridwa m'zinenero ambiri achilendo, ndipo maganizo ake, zikhulupiriro ndiponso zimene anazindikira asayansi ndi akuluakulu a boma padziko lonse.

"Pakuti ufulu wonena maganizo 'Mu 1988, Nyumba ya Malamulo ku Ulaya wakhazikitsa mphoto wapachaka wa Sakharov.

Saharov Andrey. yonena

anabadwa AD Sakharov mu Moscow, kumene anakakhala ubwana wake ndi achinyamata oyambirira. Ku pulayimale, iye sanapite, ndipo anaphunzitsidwa kunyumba, kuchita ndi atate wake, ndi mphunzitsi wa sayansi. mayi Sakharov anali mayi wokhala pakhomo. School of wasayansi tsogolo anayamba kupezeka wokha kalasi 7, ndipo nditamaliza ake analowa Moscow University mu mphamvu ya Physics.

Pamene nkhondo inayambika, Andrei Sakharov anayesa kulowa sukulu usilikali, koma iye sanali analandira chifukwa chodwala. Pamodzi ndi Moscow State University Andrew anasamutsidwa kuti Ashgabat, kumene maphunziro ulemu ndi kuphunzitsa mu 1942.

Chiyambi cha ntchito ya sayansi

Atamaliza maphunziro Sakharov anafika kufalitsa Ulyanovsk zida zomera. Apa iye mwamsanga anapeza njira kusintha mankhwala kulamulira quality, ndi anayambitsanso mu kupanga chidali chifuniro chake choyamba.

Mu 1943-44 Andrey Dmitrievich Saharov mosadalira pa mapepala angapo sayansi ndi akuwatumiza kuti mutu wa m'gulu ongolankhula wa Institute Physics. Lebedeva IE Tamm Kumayambiriro 1945, Sakharov anaitanidwa kuti Moscow pamayeso ndi chikuonetseratu kuti maphunziro kusukulu. Mu 1947 anali kufotokoza nkhani yolembedwa wake, ndipo mu 1948 limodzi ndi gulu mobisa asayansi nawo chilengedwe cha zida nyukiliya mu mzinda chatsekedwa wa Arzamas-16. Mu lamulo limeneli, Saharov Andrey Dmitrievich membala wa kapangidwe ndi chilengedwe cha bomba wa hydrogen choyamba, kafukufuku wake mpaka 1968. Kenako pamodzi ndi Tamm ayesa kasamalidwe nyukiliya anachita.

Mu 1953, Sakharov anakhala katswiri wa sayansi thupi ndi masamu ndipo wakhala osankhidwa membala wa Academy of Sciences wa USSR.

zikhulupiriro Political Andreya Saharova

Kumapeto kwa 1950s, ndi Sakharov anayamba mwachangu kutsutsa chiyesedwe cha zida za nyukiliya. Chifukwa cha ntchito zake wakhala anasaina mgwilizano loletsa yopimira mapangidwe atatu (mlengalenga, m'nyanja ndi danga) ndipo mu 1966 mu mgwirizano ndi asayansi, iye kalata gulu motsutsa konzanso wa Stalin.

Mu 1968, Sakharov a maganizo andale anapeza njira ya padziko lonse mu wokhutira ndi tanthauzo la ndale za nkhaniyi, kumene sayansi ndinali kuganiza za patsogolo mwatsatanetsatane za ufulu ozindikira ndipo kuthekera coexistence mtendere pakati pa magulu osiyanasiyana a ndale. Ntchito yake, iye analankhula za kufunika rapprochement tonse dongosolo capitalist ndi zokomera ndi kulenga maziko chitukuko zina ndi mtendere padziko lonse. Nkhaniyi linamasuliridwa m'zinenero zambiri, ndipo makope ake kunja analipo oposa 20 miliyoni. Zolembedwa. Boma Soviet Kodi saona Sakharov ntchito ndi zosiyana kafalitsidwe, mfundo. Iye anachotsedwa ntchito chinsinsi pa zida za nyukiliya ku Arzamas 16, ndi wasayansi anabwerera ku ntchito Institute thupi.

Andrei Sakharov kunadetsa amakonda lingaliro la ntchito ufulu wachibadwidwe, chifukwa mu 1970 membala wa gulu anakhazikitsa Committee ufulu wa anthu. Iye Adadzadzidwa mwachangu kuteteza ufulu wachibadwidwe: ufulu kulandira ndi kufalitsa mauthenga, kuti achoke m'dzikolo ndi kwa izo, ufulu wa chikumbumtima.

Buku "Pa dziko ndipo dziko"

Monga katswiri mu munda wa zida za nyukiliya dzuwa nthawi zambiri anachita kuitana kwa Kusiya, ndipo mu 1975 lofalitsidwa m'buku lake "Pa dziko ndi dziko." Mu ntchito iyi, wasayansi, ndipo tsopano wandale, sanagwirizane alipo pa nthawi ya ndale, a chipani chimodzi chokha mfundo, ziletso pa ufulu ndi kumasulika. Sakharov lotchedwa Soviet Union "owopsa kwa dziko anatseka opondereza boma apolisi, onyamula zida mkulu zoyendetsedwa ndi zina zoopsa." Academician amapereka chiwerengero kusintha zinthu zokhudza onse chigawo ndale ndiponso zachuma a ntchito za boma, kutsogolera, mu maganizo ake, kuti "kusintha zinthu chikhalidwe mu dziko."

Pankhani mayiko Western Sakharov analankhula za "kufooka ndi disorganization," wotchedwa mtsogoleri US akaitane umodzi, kamodzinso Pogogomeza kufunika kwa Kusiya olowa.

A osiyana item wasayansi anagogomeza za chitetezo cha ufulu wa anthu padziko lonse, makamaka ufulu wosankha kwawo zogona komanso kuti mudziwe, komanso kufunika chisamaliro mwatsatanetsatane za mayiko "chachitatu dziko".

The awarding ya Nobel Prize

Pambuyo buku lakuti "Pa dziko ndipo dziko" limene linamasuliridwa ndi lofalitsidwa mu amatchulidwa mu dziko lake, palibe wandale kapena wasayansi ya Soviet Union sanathe popitilira yotero kudziwika monga dzuwa. The Prize Mtendere wapeza ngwazi ake October 9, 1975. Mu lipoti la ntchito Committee Nobel Sakharov icho chinali kutchedwa "opandamantha thandizo la mfundo yofunika ya mtendere," ndi wasayansi "womenya mtima ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndiponso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya yimitsira ulemu kwa anthu."

Utsogoleri Soviet anaganiza kuti kunja sangachoke munthu loipalo ngati Andrei Sakharov. The Prize Nobel anali kupereka kwa mkazi wake, Elena Bonner, amene werengani mwamuna wake ndipo nkhani pa "Mtendere, patsogolo ndi ufulu wa anthu." Kachiwiri Sakharov pakamwa mkazi anadzudzula zolakwa zonse za mphamvu za ndale ndi vuto ambiri, onse mu USSR ndi pa dziko lonse lapansi.

Walekana ndi mphoto ndi kugwirizana

Kachitsotso otsiriza inayamba chipiliro cha utsogoleri Union, anali amphamvu kulankhula Sakharov mu 1979 ndi nkhondo ya Afghanistan. Presidium za Supreme Soviet la USSR Academy makirediti mphoto onse, kuphatikizapo mutu katatu Hero wa Socialist Labor mu January 1980.

Sakharov anamangidwa pa msewu ndipo anatengedwa kupita ku mzinda wa Gorky, kumene sayansi moyo kugawana tsoka ndi mkazi wake wa zaka 7 m'ndende panyumba.

Ngakhale mu ukapolo, wasayansi anaona njira yokhayo kulimbana chilungamo kalekale njala amenye. Koma kupita kuchipatala ndi mphamvu zodyetsedwa.

Tibwerere konzanso

Perestroika anali mu mphamvu, Mikhail Gorbachev analola Sakharov kubwerera kupitiriza ntchito ya sayansi. Dzuwa adapitiriza kulankhula ndi muyitano kungafooketse ndi kukhala membala wa bungwe Supreme wa Academy of Sciences. Ndipo ophunzira anayenera kachiwiri kufuna ufulu wolankhula mavuto ake mwakwiya.

A akumenya mosalekeza ndi zofooka alipo ndale ndi zaka yotopetsa ukapolo kwambiri kuchichepetsa thanzi la Sakharov. Pambuyo pa mikangano zonse komanso kuyesetsa chabe kutsimikizira kulondola ndi matenda a mtima kunyumba anafa kwambiri wasayansi ndi ufulu wa anthu womenyera ufulu Saharov Andrey. The yonena za munthu uyu ali odzaza masiku zofunika ndi zochitika fateful. anathandiza kutetezedwa kwa ufulu wa anthu ndi mmene sayansi ya nyukiliya.

Sakharov Prize "ufulu wamaganizo"

Lina asayansi, osankhika wandale, anthu a m'mayiko a Azungu, kufunika kwa zikhulupiriro Sakharov ndi kuya anathandiza kuti dziko lonse kutetezela ufulu wa anthu. Mu Germany, Lithuania, United States ndi mayiko ena ali ndi misewu, mabwalo ndi m'mapaki dzina la munthu wamkulu uyu.

Nyumba ya Malamulo ku Ulaya pansi moyo sayansi, mu 1988, mphoto kwa "ufulu wa kuganiza" Sakharov anali naye. The mphoto limaoneka pachaka December ndi zikwi 50. Yuro. The Prize Sakharov akhoza kupereka chifukwa cha kuphunzira zina mwa zinthu zotsatirazi kulimbikitsa:

• kuteteza ufulu wofunikila;
• kutetezedwa kwa ufulu ochepa mudziko;
• kulemekeza malamulo adziko lonse;
• chitukuko cha njira za demokalase ndi chitsimikiziro cha ulamuliro wa kalata lamulo.

Opindula "Pakuti Ufulu mphoto MAGANIZO '

Wopambana woyamba, umene linapereka kwa Sakharov Prize, anali womenya South African ndi atsankho, Mandela ndi Soviet mkaidi ndale Marchenko.

Mu zaka wotsatira, Andreya Saharova Prize anali amaitcha kuti gulu Argentine "Amayi a Plaza de A Mayo" (1992), nyuzipepala ya Bosnia ndi Herzegovina (1993), United Nations (2003), ndi Belarus Association of atolankhani (2004), kayendedwe Cuba "Madona ku White" (2005) ndi nambala ya mabungwe ena ndi anthu amene zochita imakhala poteteza ufulu, kumasulika.

Bungwe loona zaufulu wa anthu "Chikumbutso"

Mu 2009, chaka cha chikumbutso cha makumi awiri cha imfa ya Andrei Sakharov, Nyumba ya Malamulo ku Ulaya linapereka Mtendere Prize kwa bungwe ufulu wachibadwidwe "Chikumbutso". N'zochititsa chidwi kuti m'modzi wa omwe adayambitsa gulu Tcheyamani loyamba pamene anthu ochepa anali Academician Sakharov. "Chikumbutso" kwathunthu odzipereka Sakharov mfundo zonse za ulamuliro wa ufulu, makamaka ufulu nzeru athe kupita patsogolo dziko lonse.

Pa mphindi, ndi "Chikumbutso" - ndi yaikulu omwe si aboma bungwe ndi maofesi ku Germany ndi mayiko a bloc Union. zinthu zazikulu za mudzi uno ndi kulimbikitsa, kufufuza ndi maphunziro.

opambana lero mphoto "ufulu wa MAGANIZO"

Mu 2013, chifukwa mphoto iwo asankha kale CIA wothandizila E. Snowden ndi akaidi Chibelarusi ndale, ndipo linapereka kwa Sakharov Prize khumi Pakistani sukulu Malala Yousafzai, amene anachita ndi kulimbana wosiyana ndi Taliban ndi dongosolo zonse zatsopano ndi ufulu anzawo ku sukulu. Ndi zaka khumi Malala anali blog kwa BBC, limene limafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane mavuto a moyo ndi mtima wa Taliban kuti maphunziro atsikana.

Mu 2014, Sakharov Prize amaitcha kuti Denis Mukvege, ndi gynecologist ku Congo. Chidwi wa Nyumba ya Malamulo ku Ulaya munthu uyu chidwi ndi chakuti bungwe pakati dziko, ndipo amatithandiza maganizo ndi mankhwala kwa anthu amene akhudzidwa ndi nkhanza zokhudza kugonana.

Wina Prize Sakharov

Mu 2001, bizinesi ndi ufulu wa anthu womenyera ufulu Petrom Vinsom, amene anabadwa mu Kiev mu 1956, linakhazikitsidwa ndi Russian Andrei Sakharov Prize "Pakuti utolankhani monga Akuchitira". Tcheyamani wa loweruza la mphoto imeneyi ndi wolemba, filmmaker ndi ufulu wa anthu womenyera ufulu A. Simonov, ndi otsala a gulu la oweruza zimapanga otchuka Russian akatswiri, atolankhani ndi zokometsera ufulu wa anthu. Nawo kusankha opindula ndi chiwerengero cha atolankhani ku Spain, USA ndi Austria.

Sakharov Prize "Pakuti utolankhani monga chikalata" ndi amaitcha kuti olemba Russian ndi kulimbikitsa ntchito yawo makhalidwe ndi zolinga za kufunafuna amene anamenya Sakharov, mwaisandutsa moyo malo awo.

Mu 2012, mphotoyo kupereka Viktoru Shostko, ndi mtolankhani wapadera wa Rostov nyuzipepala "The wamba". Iye adayandikira chidwi cha anthu ndi loweruza la kufufuza wake journalistic la milandu zokopa za kupha anthu ambiri m'mudzi wa Kushchevskaya, Rostov dera.

Mu zaka zina laureates zinadziwika Russian atolankhani Tatyana Sedykh, Elvira Gorukhino Galina Kowalska, Anna Politkovskaya ndi ena.

Sakharov - munthu woopa zaka makumi atatu zapitazo anachenjeza za mavuto a dziko lapansi, anati lero. Iye anayesetsa mwakhama kusonyeza mphamvu ulamuliro wa njira yoyenera mwa mavuto azachuma komanso azandale. Mu chithunzi Sakharov Andrei Dmitrievich zambiri kuonedwa ndi moto maso lingaliro lamkati. chabwino uyu wa ganizo Russian kumanzere kwa mbadwa m'mabuku ake kasupe wa nzeru ndale.