Shewhart Deming-mkombero kasamalidwe njira yopanga

Management amafuna kukhala tichepetse njira yopanga ndi mankhwala khalidwe. Pali njira zingapo kuti pothetsa vuto limeneli. Kupereka olemba ndi chiphunzitso cha ndondomeko yothandizira kusintha ndi Walter Shewhart ndi William Deming kasamalidwe mkombero amene amadziwika pa dziko lonse lapansi. Iwo amati, ngakhale kusiyana lalikulu mu mafuta, ndondomeko ya zochita zili chomwechi machitidwe onse. Tiuzeni za akamanena za chiphunzitso chimenechi ndi mmene tingagwiritsire ntchito chitsanzo ichi kuchita.

Lingaliro la kasamalidwe ulimi

Organization za njira, mmene pa zinthu zosiyanasiyana otchedwa amazilamulira. njira Management zimachitika osati kuntchito, munthu aliyense ali ndi kulinganiza miyoyo yawo, kutenga zosiyanasiyana zothetsera kukwaniritsa zolinga. Choncho, kasamalidwe - izo amenewa kuchuluka lonse, amene ali kutali singathe kulenga mankhwala kapena utumiki. Ganizo W. Deming kasamalidwe mkombero limene ife kuona ndi kasamalidwe alipo pafupifupi m'madera onse a zochita za anthu, ndipo anthu ambiri ankachita zochita. mabasa zokhudzana ndi deta ndi processing wa nkhani, posankha zochita, njira kuyenda, kulosera, yowunikiranso wa chidacho. kasamalidwe Modern akulingalira njira ambiri, kuphatikizapo ulimi, monga ntchito. Ndipo lingaliro yofunika ya ntchito iliyonse ndi khalidwe. Pa nkhani imeneyi, pali malo apadera monga kasamalidwe khalidwe.

The mfundo za kasamalidwe khalidwe

Mu dera lirilonse la kupanga lero anayambitsa dongosolo khalidwe kasamalidwe malinga ndi mfundo lonse. Cholinga chake ndi kuonetsetsa khalidwe khola la katundu kapena utumiki. kasamalidwe Quality zachokera pa mfundo zofunika zochepa. Zina mwa kuganizira makasitomala ndi zosowa zake, okhudzidwa ndi zolinga antchito, kukhazikitsidwa kwa zochita zimathandizadi timakhulupirira, mutu wa utsogoleri ndi kusintha mosalekeza. Iyi ndi kukhazikitsa mfundo otsiriza ndipo amasonyeza ofufuza amene analenga vuto la Deming ndi Shewhart. kusintha khalidwe ndi cholinga okhazikika aliyense bungwe. Limafotokoza magulu osiyanasiyana a ogwira ntchito ku anthu mutu, malo awo a ntchito ndi chotsirizidwa. Yowongolera angagwiritsidwe ntchito imodzi mwa njira ziwiri: yojambula ndi pang'onopang'ono. Izi zimatheka chiyambi cha standardization, kusanthula ndi miyezo, komanso kukhathamiritsa kusalumikizana.

lingaliro Shuharata

American kasamalidwe mlangizi wotchuka wasayansi Uolter Shuhart mu 1930 kwambiri ikufotokoza nkhani ya ulamuliro khalidwe la mankhwala mafakitale. ntchito yake padziko checklists, ndiyo njira kukonza ananena wokhazikika ndi predictability njira iliyonse, wakhala chinthu chachikulu mu chitukuko kasamalidwe. Kwa zaka zambiri adziŵe zowerengera kuwayang'anira njira yopanga. Ndipo pachimake pa ntchito ya sayansi anali Deming-Shewhart ulamuliro kuzungulira. Mu mabuku ake, palibe cholakwika njira zowerengera wa khalidwe bata kulamulira njira yopanga ndi malonda komaliza. Pa kayendetsedwe ka Shewhart limatchula magawo atatu akulu akulu: chitukuko cha mawu Buku ndi specifications kuti amasule mankhwala m'tsogolo, kupanga malinga ndi mfundo, ndi kutsimikizira mankhwala khalidwe ndi kugwilizana ake ndi magawo mwachindunji. Kenako zolinga zawo wasayansi amasintha mu chitsanzo cha masitepe 4:

1. Mankhwala kapangidwe.
2. Mankhwala kupanga ndi kuyezetsa zasayansi.
3. Mankhwala Launch.
4. Afufuze mankhwala mu kuchitapo kanthu, ogula kuwunika.

W. Shewhart akufuna njira ndondomeko monga asonyeza anira. malingaliro ake anali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa chitukuko cha chiphunzitso kasamalidwe.

Lingaliro la Deming

Kamwana W. Shewhart Uilyam Edvards Deming anatenga kuti sule ndi kusintha maganizo akewo. Iye ndi mlengi ndi maganizo ndi akukhudzidwira gulu njira ya kasamalidwe okwana khalidwe. Deming kutsimikizira view kuti kuwongolera kampaniyo chifukwa kusintha kwa zitatu: kupanga ogwira ndi mankhwala. Komanso chifukwa cha zaka za kafukufuku panali dongosolo la Total Quality Management, omwe amagwirizana kwenikweni ndi chitukuko cha Deming. Vuto la kusintha quality, monga wasayansi ya, ulibe mathero, ndipo ali ndi khalidwe zozungulira. Iye anafotokoza kuwiri kusintha malonda limagwirira: chitsimikizo chadongosolo (kusintha kupanga maphunziro ndodo , etc ...), Ndipo kusintha khalidwe. Malinga ndi wasayansi, osati kokha kukhalabe mlingo yabwino ya quality, muyenera nthawi zonse kukhala patsogolo mlingo wake. Deming pomwe mkombero limapangidwa mapazi a chikhalidwe chosiyana. Awa: kulera, kukhazikitsa, kuyezetsa ntchito. Tiyeni tikambirane makhalidwe a aliyense gawo mwatsatanetsatane.

mapulani

Makamaka Shewhart-Deming mkombero zikuphatikizapo chinthu chachikulu kwambiri, onse mankhwala chitukuko ndi kupanga kamangidwe. Ofufuza amalonda mosalekeza bwino kukonzekera mankhwala. Ndipo zimenezi kuti zolinga zatsopano, kupenda zinthu, kupanga ndondomeko yabwino ya kanthu kuti asankhe asangalatsi ndi deadlines. Pa nthawi imeneyi n'kofunika kuti apeze mavuto ndi njira zothetsera mavuto awo. Kupeza mukufunika kusintha, m'pofunika amapenda zinthu, ndondomeko kupanga msika. masitepe Analytical kudzakuthandizani kudziwa zinthu zingasinthe. Komanso, panthawi imeneyi, izo amakoka mapulani zambiri kupititsa patsogolo kwaiye njira yopanga. dongosolo A khalidwe zimathandiza kupereka kwa mphamvu majeure ndi maziko olimba kwambiri ntchito.

aphedwe

Kukhazikitsa dongosolo - mbali yofunika ya kasamalidwe. Deming zolimbikitsa zimaphatikizapo Kugawilidwa kwanthaka wa osiyana kulamulira khalidwe sitepe ya sitepe "kuphedwa". Pa nthawi imeneyi, Deming akuonetsa kuti choyamba kuyamba chimake cha anaima pang'ono pokha, pofuna kupewa zomvetsa zikuluzikulu mu chochitika kulephera. Atsatire mapulani n'kofunika amatsatira malangizo ndi specifications otukuka. bwana ayenera mungawononge kanthu pa sitepe iliyonse ndondomeko, kutsatira mfundo zonse. Mu lingaliro Deming wa gawo lino ndi m'malo kuyezetsa, kuyezetsa, osati kuŵeta. The Launch ija ndi sikutanthauza mtsogoleri tcheru zambiri, koma imalankhula choyamba - ndi zofunika kwambiri. woyang'anira ayenera 100% kuonetsetsa kuti njira zamakono zonse ambalemekezedwa, chifukwa ndi chitsimikizo cha ubwino.

anayendera

Kamodzi kuŵeta unayambitsidwa, asayansi analimbikitsa phunziro matenda. Deming mkombero mawunikidwe limapangidwa sitepe lalikulu limene kufunika kuunikira momwe ndondomeko kuyesa kupeza kuthekera latsopano kusintha khalidwe. M'pofunikanso kuonanso mbali ya maganizo a mankhwala kapena utumiki ndi ogula. Kuti tichite zimenezi, achite chiyesedwe, magulu cholinga, ndi kusanthula maganizo makasitomala. Komanso, panthawi imeneyi, ndi kuonetsetsa kuti agwire diagnostics njira ndi kugwilizana awo ndi mfundo sayansi. Komanso, chitadutsa aziona ogwira, ikuchitika kulamulira mtundu wa antchito ndi kupanga zizindikiro kiyi ntchito (KPI). Ngati wapeza zolakwika aliyense ku magawo akonzedwa, kuchititsa mbwee zifukwa izi.

zochita

Gawo lotsiriza la Deming mkombero - ndi kuwonongedwa kwa kuyan'anila wapezeka ndi zolakwa. Pa nthawi imeneyi, kuchita zinthu zonse zotheka kuti apeze ubwino anakonza. Komanso anapanga analembedwapo ndi kuphatikiza la zotsatira mu mawonekedwe a specifications ndi malangizo. Deming adzizungulira, njira imene imakhudzana ndi pamisinkhu yosiyanasiyana QC ikukhudza zoyenda zozungulira. Choncho, pambuyo onse zolakwa ndi mfundo zomvetsa zotheka khalidwe kuletsedwa, ayenera kubwerera ku mlingo woyamba ndi kuyamba kufunafuna mipata yatsopano kusintha. Zinachitikira chifukwa mkombero ali kwenikweni ntchito pa kutsogoloko, zimathandiza kuchepetsa ndalama ndi kusintha khalidwe mankhwala.

Mfundo yaikulu ya Deming

Chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti maganizo akewo, wasayansi formulates angapo postulates, ndipo amatchedwa "Mfundo za Deming." Kupititsa patsogolo maphunziro mkombero m'Malemba, ndi kuchokera ku iwo. Mfundo zofunika kwambiri izi:

- The mosalekeza kwa cholinga. khalidwe kuwongolera, cholinga wamphamvu ayenera zonse mwana'yo onse mu njira ndi njira.

- Mutu pandekha udindo khalidwe.

- Quality chitsimikizo sayenera yaitali, ayenera kumangidwa mu dongosolo kwambiri kupanga.

- Malire ndi ntchito ayenera kukhala mosamala wolungamitsidwa ndiponso zoti tingakwanitse.

- M'pofunika kulimbikitsa pangano ndodo kwa maphunziro, kuthandizira olembedwa ntchito kupititsa patsogolo luso lawo.

- Kusintha khalidwe ayenera kukhala mbali ya cholinga ndi nzeru za kampani, ndipo pamwamba pa otsatira ake onse kuti akhale Ngopambana.

- Wogwila athe kukhala onyada cha ntchito yawo.

Zotsatira zochokera postulates amenewa anakonza mfundo zikuluzikulu za dongosolo lonse khalidwe.

Ntchito mkombero Shewhart-Deming

Model Deming-Shewhart dzina lake "Zolimbikitsa PDCA» mwachangu ntchito makhalidwe amakono kasamalidwe. Deming zolimbikitsa, chitsanzo cha amene angapezeke mu gulu la ntchito pafupifupi dziko lonse makampani akuluakulu, ndi chida anazindikira kuti kuwongolera mankhwala. Ambiri kwathunthu ndi zonse, lingaliro ili analandira mu kasamalidwe Japanese. Deming amaona mu dziko monga ngwazi yadziko, iye walandira mphoto zingapo, kuphatikizapo manja Mfumu. Komanso mu Japan, izo wakhazikitsa mphoto dzina lake Deming. Mu zaka za m'ma 21, lingaliro wakhala ntchito mwakhama kasamalidwe Russian, ndi maziko a chitukuko cha mfundo mayiko osiyanasiyana khalidwe.