Spaso-Betaniya ansembe yotchedwa, Sergiev Posad: history, chithunzi, adiresi, mayendedwe

Mzinda wa Sergiev Posad, mbiri ya amene akubwerera kwa atumwi khumi lakutali amadziwika pafupifupi osati aliyense wokhala dziko lathu, koma ambiri a alendo akunja kubwera ku Russia kuona zowoneka ake. Ili makilomita makumi asanu basi ku likulu, izo zili m'gulu la Golden mphete. m'mudzimo yabwino ndithu kukaona. Komanso, apa, ambiri amakonda kubwera ndi chifukwa chakuti Kupenda zokopa waukulu Sergiyev Posad apaulendo ndi zokwanira kwa masiku awiri.

Dzina la mudzi uyu ali ake makumi awiri wachiwiri wa March 1782 ndi lamulo la Catherine II polemekeza anayambitsa kuthetsa m'dera Sergiya Radonezhskogo. Ndipo ngakhale zaka Union (1930 ndi 1991), mudzi, anadzatchedwa Zagorsk polemekeza chosintha VM Lubotsky-Zagorski, iye atabwerera dzina lake loyambirira.

Kumene, kukopa waukulu wa m'mudzi uwu zapamwamba Woyera Utatu St. Sergio Lavra - ansembe yotchedwa, lero zimenezi zili zoyenera. Pa kutchulidwa kwa posadas anthu ambiri kucheza ndi kachisi wokongola ndi mpanda wake woyera ndi domes golide. Iwo zimaonekera kale pa khomo mzinda. Koma osati Sergio Lavra adziwika tawuni yaing'ono imeneyi. City wotchuka chifukwa tiakachisi ambiri, kuti aone amene chaka amakopeka za zikwi mazana asanu amwendamnjira. Aliyense ali mwini chidwi mbiri yake yochititsa chidwi. Ndipo mmodzi wa iwo ndi Mpulumutsi Betaniya ansembe yotchedwa (Sergiev Posad).

nkhani

Iwo lili kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa mzinda, zinayi makilomita ku St. Ansembe yotchedwa Betaniya Mpulumutsi mu Sergiev Posad - malo amene kwenikweni m'gulu lililonse ulendo wotsogoleredwa. Iwo imatchedwanso "Russian Betaniya."

Cha m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu - m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi mu modabwitsa wokongola malo wowoneka nkhalango kunja kwa mzinda wa Sergiyev Posad la kum'mawa anali anayambitsa m'zipinda zogona angapo kumene kumakhala Amonke. Iwo anali pansi pa Utatu-St. Hostels anafuna mutsogolerane panokha wa pemphero, umene unali mumangire mu yodzaza amwendamnjira ambiri Lavra.

Woyamba wa amuna amenewa anakhala Mpulumutsi Betaniya obisika. Mwatsoka, ochepa anapulumuka kuyambira dongosolo la lero mbali yaikulu ya m'mudzi waung'ono Ptitsegrad. Only ndi khutu diso katswiri akuti ena kugwirizana mu malo "makombo" deta nthawi imodzi ndithu lalikulu mapulani zovuta, limene linkagwiritsidwa ankamuona ngati Mpulumutsi Betaniya obisika. Sergiev Posad wakhala zinasinthiratu. Masiku ano, pali ambiri malo osangalatsa kumene mu malo oyamba kuwatenga alendo, koma ndiye Podmoskovnaya Betaniya ankaona wachiwiri zofunika kwambiri kukopa kwa mzinda.

yomanga

Akukhulupirira kuti ndiye abbot wa agulupa ya Bishop Platon (Levshin dzina yakale Peter) anakhazikitsa Spaso-Betaniya ansembe yotchedwa (Sergiev Posad). Photos kuti zasungidwa mu m'nyumbayi mzinda, umboni chakuti malo awa ntchito kukhala okulira. Zinali papepala lalikulu m'dziko pakati pa mtsinje ndipo hucksters mwachilungamo lalikulu dziwe limene kawetedwe nsomba, ntchito zofunika kwa obisika a.

Malo osankhidwa obisika, lotchedwa Korbuha. Pamaso pa embankment sitima inamangidwa pano, ndi gawo limene Mpulumutsi Betaniya ansembe yotchedwa, maganizo a mzikiti Utatu-Sergio Lavra inamangidwa. Latsopano chipululu anamanga zaka zinayi: kuyambira 1783 mpaka TH 1787. Linali anatambasula kuchokera kummawa mpaka kumadzulo ndi rectangle yaitali. Tidakhala chinatchedwa choncho polemekeza Palestina Betaniya - malo panali chiukitsiro mozizwitsa Lazaro. ntchito yomanga kutsogoleredwa ndi mapulani wotchuka ndi N. Yakovlev Odoevtsev. Iwo tinaitanidwa ku Moscow makamaka yomanga ya agulupa latsopano.

akamaliza

Mwatsoka, pang'ono dziwani ankawoneka ngati Mpulumutsi Betaniya ansembe yotchedwa (Sergiev Posad). Photos, ochepa zisungidwe m'nyumbayi m'deralo, kusonyeza kuti chapakati compositional olamulira anavekedwa Woyera Gates. Mapeto ndi belu nsanja. Pa gawo la obisika a komweko ndi Mpulumutsi Chiwalitsiro Cathedral, nyumba Dukhovskaya mpingo, anayi limodzi nyumba, nyumba imene iye ankakhala yekha, Archimandrite Platon, ndi maselo angapo alendo.

Malinga ndi polojekiti, pa dongosolo ambiri anali necropolis, komanso makola ndi mphunzitsi nyumba. m'dziko lonse limene obisika Mpulumutsi Betaniya anali atazunguliridwa ndi amphamvu mpanda wamiyala inamangidwa.

Mu 1787, chaka ntchito yonseyi yatha, ndi abbot wa agulupa ya anamangidwira mu Plato metropolitans. Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo ya Mzimu Woyera Utatu obisika mu yatsopano Mpulumutsi Betaniya obisika, zithunzi za amene anapereka m'munsimu, zowawa makamaka akulemekezedwa kachisi. Ndi bokosi matabwa imene pafupifupi zaka mazana aŵiri, zotsalira Sergiya Radonezhskogo.

seminare

Pambuyo pa mwambo wa coronation wake mu 1797, chaka Sergiyev Posad kuyenda anali Mfumu Paulo I. Iye choyamba anapita Abbey pambuyo anapita ku Betaniya obisika. Apa anatenga Metropolitan Platon. Mfumu ndi kukhuta ndi boma la obisika, amene yomweyo anapereka lamulo kukhazikitsa lotseguka pa obisika seminare. Komanso wotetezedwa mpingo Betaniya kwambiri m'dera la dziko. lamulo lina la Mpulumutsi wake ansembe yotchedwa Betaniya amayenera anapeza wa mphero atatu amene lendi. Okumbukira ulendo ansembe ndi Mfumu Paulo Metropolitan Platon kuika obelisk.

Mu 1800, chaka seminare anayamba kumanga nyumba wapadera. Ndipo chimodzi cha August izo mwalamulo anatsegula. The nyumba yosanjikizana ndi nsanja zinayi inamangidwa mu mawonekedwe a kalata "P" - polemekeza Mfumu Paulo. Bungwe latsopanoli anayamba kutenga anyamata, makamaka ana azibusa. Maphunziro pa seminare umakhoza pa chimodzi cha maudindo atatu alipo. Iwo anali kalembedwe-losafuna, zamulungu kapena nzeru zaumunthu malangizo. Metropolitan Platon payekha anadziwa wophunzira aliyense. Iye, umboni ndi olemba, monga akusamalira bwino ophunzira seminare tsiku kuwayang'anira zikhalidwe za m'dziko. Zikuoneka choncho Mpulumutsi Betaniya Akatolika, ambiri anayamba kuitana "sukulu".

Anthu amene akufuna kupita ku Betaniya Seminary, amene anali kuphunzitsa kwambiri anakamba, panali zambiri. Choncho, pa nthawi kukodzedwa. Kale mu mmasate za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, inali nyumba zazikulu, olengedwa mwa kalembedwe classicism.

Atamwalira Metropolitan

Kumapeto kwa 1812, pambuyo asilikali Napoleon, ndi kuthawa ku Moscow, anayamba kusiya nthaka Russian zinathera ulendo wake padziko lapansi Metropolitan Platon. maliro ake anachitikira Woyera Chiwalitsiro Cathedral. Ndipo pambuyo pa imfa yake Theological Seminary, amene wakhala ankakonda "brainchild" wa abbot, akupitirizabe kuti kusintha. Ali kusintha akukonza ndi agulupa yokha. Pa m'gawo lake ochepa nyumba mwala anafuna Chimonko, novices ndi abbots zinamangidwa, ndi nyumba yoperekedwa kwa poorhouse, ndipo hotelo.

Mu zaka zao za sikisite za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi m'malo lalikulu zisanu ozungulira tchalitchi inamangidwa pa malo a nyumba Dukhovskoy komweko. Iwo anali kudziŵika kuti Tikhvin. Mpingo anali ndi maguwa asanu. Mu zaka za m'ma makumi awiri, pa ndime ndi Lavrov ndi Chernigov Skete anayamba anthu ambiri ndi Mpulumutsi Betaniya obisika. Momwe izo lero, angapezeke pa webusaiti yovomerezeka ya agulupa ya.

adiresi

Masiku ano, alendo onse amene anabwera ku Sergiev Posad, nthawi zonse amadutsa pa ansembe yotchedwa Woyera wa ku Betaniya. Adliesi Russian Betaniya - Maslieva Street, Kumanga 25. Ndi makilomita atatu okha kum'mwera kwa Chernihiv Getsemane Skete.

Spaso-Betaniya Akatolika, mmene angakwanitsire amene amadziwa wokhulupirira aliyense yemwe amakhala ku Sergiev Posad, chaka amalandira nambala yaikulu amwendamnjira. Ambiri a iwo abwere kuno ndi sitima kapena sitima. Kuwafika obisika kwa kusiteshoni n'kosavuta. N'zotheka ndithu kuthetsa mtunda wapansi.

Kutero, kuyendera njanji embankment kumpoto malangizo a Aleksandrov pa lachiwiri sitima ndizi tembenuzirani ndi kupita kunja ku Betaniya. Ndipo iye, ndipo Ptitsegradskoy mwachindunji mwayi kwa Mpulumutsi Betaniya obisika.

Momwe magalimoto

Pitani ku malo ya likulu ndi kufunika galimoto ndi msewu Yaroslavl. Asanafike Cholozera kuti Sergiev Posad tembenuzirani motsogozedwa Yaroslavl pa msewu M8. Pa ayenera kuti chizindikiro "kuyatsa Mpesa." Ndiye muyenera kukokera msewu. Asanafike mipesa ayenera kutembenukira kwa kumanzere pamodzi msewu waukulu kupita ansembe a.

apaulendo ambiri, kuphunzira njira ya Golden mphete nokha, chidwi Mpulumutsi Betaniya ansembe yotchedwa (Sergiev Posad). Kodi tifike kwa ilo, ati wokhala aliyense wa mzinda. Kophweka: kwa Utatu-Sergio Lavra mpukutu ku msewu lamanja la Red Army pa Njira Karla Marksa. Ndipo ndiye kuti agulupa ya Ptitsegradskoy.

M'zaka Soviet

Zitasintha, mbiri ya Mpulumutsi Betaniya Akatolika zinasinthiratu. ansembe ankaloledwa kukhalabe mu obisika yekha mu udindo wa anthu a ntchito zaulimi amandimvera. Komabe, zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri kenako, obisika akadali anatseka Komabe, m'madera ena atumiki analiko 1929. Ambiri nyumba primonastyrskih anapatsidwa ku nyumba ya ana, ndi m'nyumba wokwatibwa ndi Metropolitan Platon, zitsulo kusungidwa kukhudzana, amene anali mwini wa History ndi Art Museum wa Sergiev Posad.

Mu mmasate oyambirira zaka mazana makumi awiri Betaniya m'dera anaperekedwa kwa mbewu processing nkhuku. Inali kudziŵika Ptitsegradom. The Bolsheviks si makamaka nyumba zakale anapulumuka. Ena a iwo anagwetsa amati chifukwa cha ziyambe kukonzedwa, pamene ena - chifukwa cha nkhani ya zomangamanga, mwachitsanzo, ndi cholimba kwambiri njerwa. Choncho Chiwalitsiro Church anawonongedwa. Tsoka chomwecho anachitika nyumba imene iye ankakhala Metropolitan Platon, komanso mpanda obisika, Holy Chipata Chipata mwala belu nsanja ndi necropolis abale.

Iye anali mutu ndi m'manja mwa Nyumba ya Culture ndi mpingo Tikhvin. Iye anali pa nthawi imodzi ntchito ngati makina, ndiyeno - monga mafilimu a kanema ndi pansi kuvina. msonkhanowo linatsegulidwa ndi nyumba Khungu ndi Matenda Venereal Clinic. Kamodzi wolemera obisika mu zaka anali ngati nyumba awiri kapena atatu okha kupulumuka.

kubadwanso

Mu 1998, chaka obisika a unasamutsidwa kwa eni obisika. Kuyambira nthawi yomwe inayamba chitsitsimutso chake. The nyumba kupulumuka anali anakonza ndi kuwononga - kachiwiri adzamangidwenso. Izo ziyenera kuti ntchito kubwezeretsa akupitiriza lero. Kubwezeretsa zinthu zambiri ntchito ndi ochepa akale zithunzi chithunzichi ndipo zithunzi.

Spaso-Betaniya obisika lero

obisika wazingidwa ndi mpanda kachiwiri ndi Chipata Woyera. Pamwamba pawo paima mwala belu nsanja. Anaphedwa zoyerekeza-Russian kalembedwe, ndi ngale weniweni wa gulu loyimba kumene atachira.

Pa gawo la obisika a ali ndi malo chapakati kumene anamanganso Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral. Izi Novodel kachisi chowulungika mawonekedwe analengedwa m'chifanizo cha tchalitchi, omwe anakhalapo kale. Iwo zidzakuthandizani mipando iwiri. M'munsi wodzipereka kwa ulemerero wa chiwukitsiro zozizwitsa za Lazaro, ndipo pamwamba - wa Chiwalitsiro.

kachisi wobwezeretsedwa ndi ulemerero wake mkati, zomwe anabadwa mwa Plato. Mpando wachifumu ndi pa guwa. Anasonkhana mu pemphero kwa okhulupirira kuona ngati phanga chaching'ono, ngati munthu amene Lazaro anaikidwa m'manda ndi pamwamba lomwe likutuluka Phiri la Tabori. M'kachisi, chapamwamba semicircular wachifumu amadzukanso ndikulumikizana alimbane nsangalabwi slab khoma. Iwo chokongoletsedwa ndi maluwa, zomera ndi zithunzi nyama, simulates phiri.

Panopa zinandipangitsa tsankho kukonza ndi mpingo Dukhovskoy komwe misonkhano ikuchitikira. Akupitiriza kubwezeretsedwa kwa nyumba chikumbutso limene ankakhala Metropolitan Platon. Pa mpanda, pafupi Gates Woyera detuned kachiwiri, mu 2012, anamangidwira chipilala kuti woyambitsa wa agulupa lapansi.

mode

Spaso-Betaniya Akatolika chomveka. Moyo wasefukira mwa lamulo okhwima. Kuyambira mu 2002, mbali ya m'dziko la obisika zinkapita farmstead Lavra. Kuti ansembe kungakhale tsiku lirilonse pa sabata kuchokera sikisi koloko m'mawa mpaka eyiti usiku. The utumiki m'mawa kumayamba 5,30 ndi 6,30 am, ndipo madzulo - pa 16,40. The Sande sukulu ana ku mabanja a chipembedzowo makalasi mlungu uliwonse.

Omwe vinyo - gwero la kunyada obisika a. Alikuchitira aliyense amene amabwera mu ansembe yotchedwa Woyera wa ku Betaniya. Sergiev Posad, za kuyendera ndemanga amene anachoka m'dziko mwathu osati kokha, komanso alendo ochokera m'mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya, zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa zokopa. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi Russian Betaniya, lomwe lili ndi bwalo laling'ono, limene amapereka malo mazira ndi mkaka.