Sulfure

Sulfure imawonekera padziko lapansi chifukwa cha kupsa kwa mapiri mwa mawonekedwe a mankhwala, kuwonjezera apo, madzi m'madzi ena amakhalanso ndi hydrogen sulfide. Mpweya wa sulfure ukuwonetseredwa ndi njira zowonongeka zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tikawononga zinyama ndi zomera zowonongeka. Pakutha mapuloteni okhala ndi amino acids, kuphatikizapo sulfure (cysteine, cystine, methionine), ndi kuwonongeka kwa mafuta ofunikira ofunika, hydrogen sulphide ndi mercaptan amapangidwa. Hydrogen sulfide imamasulidwa pamene kuchepetsedwa kwa salt ya sulfurous, sulfuric ndi sulfuric acid ndi kutenga nawo mbali kwa sulfate-kuchepetsa mabakiteriya komanso kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mu sulfure.

Ndipotu, sodphide sulfure sichigwirizana ndi zomera, ndipo motero, nyama. Sulujeni sulfure oxidizes mabakiteriya apadera a sulfure, omwe amachititsa kupanga sulphate salt, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kwambiri ndi zomera. Mitundu ya sulufule yomwe imapangidwa ndi zomera imaphatikizidwanso mu mpweya wa sulufule m'chilengedwe. Mabakiteriya omwe amachititsa kuti asiye ndi sulphate atulutse asidijeni sulphide. Mpweya wa sulfure umapezeka, chifukwa cha sulfure mabakiteriya, oxidizing hydrogen sulphide.

Magulu a mabakiteriya a sulfure

Serobacteria amagawidwa m'magulu awiri: mitundu yopanda utoto ndi yofiirira.

Maonekedwe osajambulidwa amaimira:

1) mitundu yonse ya Beggiatoa ndizosakanikirana kwambiri. Zina mwa izo, mabakiteriya aakulu kwambiri amawonedwa;

2) Mitundu ya tizilombo ndi tizinthu zosatalika zomwe zimagwirizanitsa ndi zinthu zam'madzi;

3) mitundu ingapo ya mabakiteriya a ma selilo - Thiophysa.

Mabakiteriya onse ndi autotrophs. Kufalitsa kwa sulufu kumathandizira kuti zikhalepo mkati mwa selo. Mwachibadwa, mabakiteriya a sulfure amapezeka kokha m'malo omwe hydrogen sulphide imapangidwira nthawi zonse komanso kumene kuli mpweya wabwino. Kuyenda kwa mabakiteriya kumachitika mu mbale ya bakiteriya. Mpweya wa sulfure mu biosphere umaponyera bakiteriya kumbuyo kwa mpweya ndi pansi kumbuyo kwa hydrogen sulphide. Mabakiteriya okhala mu Black Sea ali pamtunda wa mamita 200.

Kuthamanga kwa mabakiteriya a sulfure ndi mpweya kumachitika magawo awiri. Poyamba, iwo ali okosijeni ndi sulfure, omwe amaikidwa mu protoplasm ya maselo ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mphamvu yopanda mphamvu.

Ngati palibe hydrogen sulphide yokwanira mu sing'anga, sulfure yosungidwa pang'onopang'ono imapanga oxidizes ku sulfuric acid. Amatsitsidwa ndi mabicarbonates am'manja ndipo amasulidwa kunja kwa mawonekedwe a sulfuric acid mchere.

Sulfure sangathe kuchita popanda kutenga mabakiteriya ofiira ofiira, opangidwa ndi bacteriopurpurin ya pigment, kuwapatsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yofiira, ndi photosynthetic pigment bacteriochlorophyll.

Serobacteria m'chilengedwe akufalikira. Amakhala m'mitsinje ya sulfure, madzi ambiri, matope, nthaka. Serobacteria ndi autotrophs, amafanana ndi mpweya woipa, pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yomwe imapangidwa panthawi ya okosijeni ya mankhwala osakaniza sulfure.

Kwa serobacteria yopanda mtundu ndi monga thiobacteria, monga Thiobacillus thioparus, Thiobacillus thiooxidans ndi ena. Kuwonjezera pa hydrogen sulfide ndi sulfure, amakhalanso ndi oxidize mankhwala a thio, ali autotrophs, amapezeka m'madzi amchere ndi amchere, m'nthaka.

Mpweya wa sulfuri umaphatikizidwa ndi njira zowonongeka zowonongeka ndi mabakiteriya omwe amasungunuka, omwe nthawi zina m'chilengedwe amatha kukula kwakukulu. M'nyanja Yamchere pamtunda wa mamita 200 muli ma hydrogen sulphide ambiri omwe moyo umatha kwathunthu. Pogwiritsa ntchito hydrogen sulphide m'nthaka, madzi osefukira, moyo wa zomera ndi zinyama ukhoza kuyima pa izo.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Sulfate timapanga sulfure yamachiritso m'madzi ambiri pafupi ndi Pyatigorsk, malo ozungulira pafupi ndi Odessa ndi Evpatoria. Mabakiteriyawa, pamene hydrogen sulphide imatulutsidwa, amasanduka mtundu wakuda wa sulfur dioxide hydrate, womwe umapangitsa kuti pakhale malo osungiramo madzi. Kuwonongeka kwa chitsulo kumayambanso chifukwa cha vuto lawo, lomwe limapangitsa kuti pipopopopopopopopopopopowo ndi mapepala a ulimi wothirira.

Serobacteria amagwira nawo ntchito yowonongeka kwa madzi osokoneza ndipo ndi zizindikiro za nthaka yolimba ndi kuipitsa madzi m'madera a anthu.