Zamoyo za zomera

Ambiri a dziko lokhalamo anthu ndi zomera zosiyanasiyana. Ndipo ngakhale iwo onse a kumwamba chomwecho kwa zinthu zamoyo, maonekedwe awo ndi Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa wa munthu. Kwa nthawi yoyamba "zamoyo zomera" mawu akuti anayamba kubwerera mu 1884 ndi Chidanishi katswiri E. Kufunda. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti mtundu wa moyo amadziwika boma la mbewu imene mwangwiro co-zimachitika ndi chilengedwe. Kenako, pakhala machitidwe ambiri a gulu la zomera monga muyezo umenewu.

zamoyo za zomera: Gawo K. tikabatize C. Raunkiær

Wotchuka wasayansi K. tikabatize C. Raunkiær pa nthawi ina anayamba gulu yake ya zomera, amene motsogozedwa ndi muyezo yekha. Pali n'komwe ndi chizindikiro chofunika cha anatengera zinthu zakunja ndicho kuyambiranso malo mwachibale kwa nthaka ya impso. Malinga ndi dongosolo mitundu zotsatirazi:

• Fanerofity - mphukira nsonga zomera zili mu mlengalenga, ngakhale mu nyengo kwambiri akumane. Childs, mtunda kuchokera impso kwa resumption a pamwamba nthaka kuposa 30 masentimita. Zomera zimenezi kulekerera zotsatira za chilengedwe.
• Hamefity - nsonga ya kuthawa otere komanso inali pamwamba pa nthaka, koma mtunda wa pakati pawo si upambana 20 - 30 masentimita.
• Hemicryptophytes - mitundu Moyo wa zomera, amene amakhala ndi resumption otsika a m'mbali mwa impso ndi. Monga ulamuliro, mu nthawi yoipa, nsonga ya nthambi ndi padziko nthaka, pansi zinyalala.
• Cryptophytes - impso kulenganso mitengo imeneyi zasungidwa kaya pansi kapena pansi madzi;
• Terofity - gulu lina la zomera, masamba amene amasunga yekha mu mawonekedwe a mbewu.

Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti zamoyo za zomera - chifukwa cha zaka zambiri zimasintha kupulumuka zinthu zenizeni nyengo. Komabe, m'njira imeneyi si wolondola. Komano, ndi lero ndi otchuka, izo zonse likufa kusinthidwa.

zamoyo ndi zomera: Gawo I. Serebryakov

Ndi gulu iyi mu 1962 - 1964 gg I. G. Serebryakovym, imatengedwa kwambiri mabuku ndi zolondola pa tsiku. Pa chilengedwe chake wasayansi moganizira za peculiarities wa zone nyengo ndi zikhalidwe kukula, komanso dongosolo la vegetative ndi ziwalo zobereka. zinayi magawano lalikulu anasankhidwa, aliyense wa womwenso mitundu yake:

Zake zomera (Division A). Apa lagawidwa mitundu itatu:

• Mitengo - Chipinda cha fomu iyi yodziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa wamphamvu, lignified tsinde. Izi zomera osatha.
• Tchire - gulu lina lalikulu la zomera kuti amakhala ndi kukhalapo munthawi yomweyo makungwa angapo, germinating ku masamba matalala.
• Zitsamba - zomera, zomwe ndi zofanana kwambiri ndi tchire, koma kusiyana kwambiri, kuphatikizapo kakang'ono ndi nthawi ya moyo.

zomera Poludrevesnye (Gawo B). gulu lagawidwa mitundu iwiri:

• Zitsamba -rasteniya ofanana kwambiri tchire ndi zitsamba, koma ali ake mbali mwini chosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, olamulira awo chigoba moyo zosaposa 5 - 8 zaka, ndipo pambuyo pa imfa sindiwo masamba matalala.
• Semishrubs.

Ground udzu (Division B) - dzina limanena momveka bwino chimodzimodzi chimene oimira dziko zomera ndi ogwirizana gulu. Pali mitundu iwiri:

• udzu Polycarpic - ichi herbaceous perennials, maluwa zingaoneke chaka chilichonse, nthawi zina kangapo pa chaka.
• Monocarpic udzu - zomera akhoza moyo chimodzi mpaka zaka zingapo. The zimasiyanitsa Mbali - ndi maluwa, umene umachitika kamodzi kokha m'nthawi ya chitukuko cha mbewu, kenako thupilo limafa.

Madzi udzu (Division D) - apa ndi zamoyo amene umoyo tikuyesera chikugwirizana ndi sing'anga amadzimadzi. Mwambo kusiyanitsa mitundu iwiri:

• Achule akuyandama udzu - ndi vegetative thupi la zomera, kawirikawiri inali pamwamba pa madzi, kumalire a dziko ndi madzi.
• M'madzi udzu - zamoyo wa zomera kuti ali yekha malo m'madzi.

Ndipotu zamoyo mwa zomera ndi zinyama zosiyanasiyana kwambiri. Ndi tsiku, palibe wangwiro dongosolo gulu.