"The Mfumu" Machiavelli: okhutira mwachidule buku monga kusonyeza Kubadwa Kwatsopano

Kaya anati, zilandiridwenso ambuye limodzi ku vicissitudes moyo wake ndi mzimu wa nyengo ano. A chitsanzo chapadera ndi "Mfumu" Makiavelli. A mwachidule lonena za kwathunthu amapereka namondwe, Zopatsa wachuma wa yonena za woyamba sapota dokotala, ndipo nthawi yomweyo waluntha ndi wamagazi nthawi ya High Kubadwa Kwatsopano, imene iye ankakhala. Chakuti ntchito yake Nikkolo Makiavelli wodzipereka kwa Lorentso Medichi, amene nawo chiwembu, anati kwambiri. Popeza kuti Florence wolamulira wasonkhanitsa yekha zinthu zambiri zothandiza kwa buku limeneli, unaoneka pa mfundo yakuti iye konse anakhululukira Machiavelli woukira boma ndi kuwolokera naye ku bwalo lake.

Mwana wa zamalamulo, Niccolo poyambirira zinkachitika malo apamwamba mu Florence Republic. M'malo mwa akuluakulu ake adadza ku bwalo la Chezare Bordzhia. Iye ankaona kuti odious chithunzi, ngakhale kwa nthawi yawo wamagazi. Mwana wapathengo Papa Alexander VI wa, Cesare anasonyeza ndale bwino, wamakani ndi nkhanza. Kusiya m'mbuyo mapiri ake mitembo, iye bwinobwino kumanga ofukula mphamvu duchy wake Valentina - osati mosathandizidwa wa Vatican. Komabe, pambuyo pa imfa ya mwayi Papa analeka Cesare, dooming kumupha (1507). Machiavelli anali pa bwalo Duke ku 1502-1504, anapita naye polowa ake ankhondo ndi poyamba scribbled communiques lake Florence ntchito. Komabe, pambuyo pa imfa ya izo, Cesare anakhala zinachitika wolamulirayo, ozikidwa pa lonena Machiavelli ndi "Kalonga" (1513).

Mutu choyambirira cha bukhu zikumveka ngati «Il Príncipe», kutanthauza kuti "kalonga". Komabe, zingakhale simplistic kuganizira ntchito ya Florence woganiza yosavuta asiyane mawu wamphamvu amene mpando wachifumu ndi akatengela apabanja. Munthu - yekha wosula la tsoka lake. Amatero Mwambi wa nthawi, ndi "Kalonga" ndi Machiavelli, mwachidule lopatsidwa pano, kokha akutsimikiza yovomerezeka iyi. Mu mitu yoyamba khumi wolemba ikufotokoza kodi mitundu ya boma (Republic kapena nkhanza). Komanso anapereka chitsanzo cha mbiri ya zingapo kulanda ufumu.

"Sindifuna kudalira chifundo cha tsoka - analemba mwana wa loya - ndi kukwaniritsa mtima wawo." Ndi mawu otsiriza awa ( «virtu») Machiavelli amadziwa mmene kulimba mtima wa mkango ndi kuchenjerera nkhandweyo kusamala ndi kuuma. A chisakanizo cha makhalidwe a nyama ziwiri ndipo tiyenera mwayekha Machiavelli. Chidule cha lonena watiuza kuti wolamulira kusunga mphamvu, wankhanza ndiponso mosazengereza inachitira ndi adani ake ndale. Iye sikuti kusunga mawu ake, ngati zinthu zina amafuna. Ndipo ambiri, ndi bwino kuuzira anthu ake mantha kuposa chikondi.

Pa mutu wa 14 wa buku lakuti "The Prince" ndi Machiavelli, mwachidule amene sakhoza kukambapo, kwathunthu lolunjika pa umunthu woyenera wolamulirayo. Mlembi ananena, chimene olamulira a chirema ndi mayamiko, ndi kuyitana pa andale anazungulira yekha ndi alangizi anzeru ndiponso okhulupirika, osati flatterers. Kusanthula umunthu, iye amabwera ku mapeto kuti anthu ambiri amamva chisoni mphamvu zambiri kubedwa chikwama kuposa kholo womwalirayo, akuyitana kudalira ogwirizana chodzikonda.

Mu masukulu lero matekinoloje yandale yatsopano utsogoleri waukulu ndipo amakhala buku, ndithudi, osati Machiavelli, "Kalonga". The zili ntchito yake kwambiri moona ndi mosasuka zilizonse chifukwa dziko lathu achinyengo. Komabe, tanthauzo la bukuli si chinthu chakale. Ndipo limatisonyeza bwino masiku mabwalo ndale.