Kumbukirani kuwerenga: mwachidule "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" ndi Leo Tolstoy

Mu mabuku dziko pali katswiri luso, tsiku lina pambuyo kuwerenga zimenezo, inu musati muiwale akatswiri awo ndi amazipotokola chiwembu ndi kutembenukira kwa zaka zambiri. A kupezeka nawo nthawi zonse zimaoneka ngati poyamba. Pakuti yense woona ntchito luso ndi zonse zoyenera, chidwi, latsopano. Leo Tolstoy a epic buku "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" ndi umboni chidwi kwambiri pa izi.

Mutu, lingaliro, mtundu wanyimbo

Kupereka mwayi kumvetsa mwachidule "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" - ntchito imene wolemba, mu mawu ake, anakonda lingaliro zotchuka. Tolstoy anafuna kusonyeza momwe pangozi, vuto, akuopseza dziko lonse, mwa kupambana kwa anthu ake, nzika woona ndi okonda dziko lawo, zinapatsira ndi lingaliro la kwawo anthu, kumva ndi kuzindikira mgwirizano odzaza tsogolo lawo ndi tsogolo la Dziko Lathu. Ngakhale ngwazi Tolstoy a - anthu otchuka, nthanzi Moscow ndi St. Petersburg dziko, ambiri a iwo, patapita nthawi yaitali, kufufuza chowawa, amapezeka, malo awo mu moyo, ndi pakati pa anthu. Chifukwa wosatha mankhwala kwathunthu, ngakhale chidule cha "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" adzakuthandizani kumvetsa kuti mfundo yaikulu ya epic - ndi umodzi wa anthu Russian mu kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo ya 1812. Nkhani yaikulu ya buku la - kuonetseredwa kwa kufunafuna cholinga m'moyo ankakonda Makhalidwe a wolemba, njira yovuta pamwamba pa ubwenzi, chikondi ndi chimwemwe.

Chetyrohtomnika chidwi mtundu wanyimbo. Ofufuzawa, otsutsa zolembalemba tanthauzo monga buku yadzaoneni. Ndi chidule cha "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" zikutsimikizira zotuluka pa tanthauzo limeneli. Izi buku, chifukwa mabuku lalikulu mabuku, ambiri otchulidwa nawo yaikulu chirengedwe ndondomeko, pamaso pa khamu la mizere zovuta nkhani chidwi nthawi kutalika kwa nkhani, kusonyeza mphamvu za umunthu wa zilembo zikuluzikulu zazing'ono, pamaso pa kanjedza weniweni mbiri ndi nkhani zopeka. Ndipotu buku lake, Tolstoy anapereka mwatsatanetsatane maganizo ndi mbiri chithunzi cha anthu lonse mu Russia, kwa Mfumu Alexander ndi kutha serfs wa munda kapena Rostovs Bolkonskis.

Yadzaoneni ndi chifukwa chachikulu, mfundo yaikulu ya ntchito ndi chochitika mbiri zofunika kwa dziko lonse, kwa boma lonse ndipo aliyense izo - nkhondo ya Napoleon ndi polimbana izo. nkhondo, adayima osati asilikali, osati anthu otchuka monga wotetezera yaikulu kuti alipo, koma anthu, kwambiri serfs, lomwe maganizo a autocracy.

Kumene, chidule cha "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" simungakwaneko ndi kufotokozera chuma, kuchuluka kwa cholinga cha wolemba, mfundo za moyo wa anthu otchulidwa amakonda. Mu malire ngati yopapatiza pa iwo akhoza kungolankhula mawu ambiri. Ndipo komabe ...

Nkhani ndi zilembo

Mlembi ikufotokozanso mbiri ndi zitatu wolemekezeka mabanja - Bezukhov Bolkonsky, Rostov. Mwachidule zathu "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" akuphatikizapo nkhani mmodzi wa iwo - Pierre.

Bezukhova - Russian wobadwa m'banja lachifumu. Olemera ndi womveka wa iwo, Prince Cyril, akufa, masamba zonse boma lake lowoneka la ana apathengo - Pierre, mnyamata, otentha, oona mtima, zilizonse, ophunzira akunja anatola apo oukira malingaliro chosintha. Iye sanakhale wachinyengo, monga ambiri mu dziko lalikulu. Pa ntchito ngwazi azidzapereka kwambiri cha zolakwa, anabwera kwa iye aakulu kuzindikira. Iye amadziwa chinyengo ndi kuperekedwa mu chikondi, kuuma - ubwenzi, kukhumudwa - m'kufunafuna abwino bizinesi mwininyumba. Komabe, ukhondo makhalidwe a Pierre, ndi mtima wofunitsitsa kukhala wabwino ndithu, kubweretsa wabwino kwa anthu, kwambiri adamthamangira, koma lakuthwa, malingaliro yovuta, kuthandiza ngwazi kupeza yekha, anazindikira kuti yowala anthu chithunzi ndipo ngati munthuyu banja. "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" mu Chidule cha limakupatsani kukumbukira magawo yofunika kwambiri pamoyo wake:

• Ku Russia, cholowa zosayembekezereka adzathandiza kuti apamwamba wolemekezeka bwalo Petra Kirillovitch Bezukhova, kulephera kusiyanitsa zosatha artificiality ed choonadi ndi kuona mtima;
• mu kugwa m'chikondi ndi "chuma thupi" Helene Kuragin kukwatira mkazi wolekerera ndi konyenga;
• duel ndi Dolokhov, mantha a chimene iye anali kuika manja pa munthu. Mafotokozedwe ndi mkazi wake, kuzindikira, kukhumudwa m'banja, akazi. Tinakumana ndi Bazdeevym ndi chilakolako zomangamanga;
• amayambira anthu osema miyala, ulendo zigawo wake kum'mwera, pofuna kubweretsa dongosolo ndipo chaphindu;
• kukumana ndi Prince Andrew, alimkuyankhula ndi Iye, kuphatikizapo kukambirana losaiwalika pa bwato;
• kulankhulana ndi Rostov, Natasha, chimwemwe wa Andreya ndi chisoni kuti sichinali tsoka lake;
• makalata ku Natasha Prince Andrew, chisoni kwambiri ndi chisoni kulengeza mwadzidzidzi chikondi. Pamsonkhano wina ndi nyenyezi, ndi presages nkhondo '12;
• nawo Moscow ankhondo, kupha loto la Napoleon;
• Ukapolo, mantha ya chilango cha imfa;
• kubadwanso mchikakamizo cha Plato Karataeva, kumvetsa wokha ngati njere ya mchenga mu gulu wosatha wa moyo, moyo wake wosafa, amene sakhoza unazunguliridwa mu nsinga;
• wokondwa, zogwirizana ndi moyo ndi Natasha ndi nawo kubadwa kwa kayendedwe Decembrist mu Russia.

Mu njira zambiri, kukula wake wauzimu, chitukuko cha munthu ayenera Pierre Andreyu Bolkonskomu, bwenzi ndi Mlangizi, munthu okondedwa amene anathandiza ndi anatsogolera ngwazi pa mphambano za tsogolo. Natasha Rostov, Pierre pounikira moyo chikondi zoona, aponso, anakhala pa iye amatilimbikitsa kwambiri, chifukwa Iye anakhala zimene iye anadzakhala.