Mapiri Suntar-Hayata: location Hrs zinthu zachilengedwe

The expanses lalikulu la dera kumpoto kum'mawa kwa Russia, pakati Yakutia ndi Khabarovsk Gawo, Ayala Malowa anali Suntar-Hayata. Ananamizira mu kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Verkhoyansk manambala ndi kumpoto kum'mawa - lokwera Cherskogo kwa zaka unakhalabe wosagonjetsedwa ndi unexplored. Dzina Suntar-Hayata amatanthauza "mapiri Suntar". nthano Local zokhudza wamphamvu Ula Suntar, amene ankadziwa kwambiri, koma sanali amasiyana wodekha mtima wathu. Palibe anafuna ngakhale mosadziwa lobweretsa mkwiyo wake. Anthu sanafune kusokoneza mbuye mu ulamuliro wake.

zikhulupiriro zakale za m'mbuyomu. Komabe, lero akutali kunali mapiri kwambiri zinsinsi ndi zinsinsi. Iwo anakopeka Akatswiriwa, mapiri, amayenda ulendo, ojambula ndi akatswiri. Ndipo mmodzi wa iwo sanabwerere kukhumudwa.

chuma Siberia

Mukapita pa Handygskoy msewu, zomwe zikugwirizana Yakutsk kuti Magadan, apoyera kuwona otchuka, chofewa chili pamwamba nsonga Suntar-Hayata. The chimbuzi cha lokwera ukufika pafupifupi 3000 meters. kutalika A la mapiri ndi makilomita 450. Mwa njira, nsonga yaikulu ndi oundana ili pa mtunda wa makilomita 100 kuchokera msewu uwu kwambiri. Ndipo njira zina palibe.

Komabe, mtunda kuchokera njira mwachizolowezi ndipo nthawi zambiri lomwa aya kulumikiza zina m'madera mafakitale lathandiza kusunga malo pristine ndi lingaliro la umodzi ndi chikhalidwe. Pali loyenda mitsinje bwino, amene saopa kumwa, kukula m'nkhalango za mapiri, osati maonekedwe owonongeka yodula dazi mawanga n'zochepa am'deralo chinkhoswe mu mphalapala ulimi.

Yakutia ndi Khabarovsk Gawo, ndipo ichi chiri chimodzimodzi ali Suntar-Hayata, wolemera mu mchere. Kwenikweni izi madipoziti miyala munali siliva, mkuwa, tungsten, tini indium ndi bismuth. Komanso, dera wolemera miyala ya golide ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali. Fufuzani ndi chitukuko cha madipoziti amenewa, natumikira monga gulu galimoto pa chitukuko cha dera ndi kuphunzira mapiri. Koma zinthu oyamba.

History of atulukira lokwera ndi

Ine ndinapita mu 1639. Cossack Ivan Moskvitin ndi detachment a anthu 39 anawoloka mapiri, umalandira gombe la nyanja Okhotsk amasiyiratu kanyumba kumeneko. Icho chinali choyamba Russian kuthetsa pa Pacific gombe. Cholinga cha ulendo anali kusonkhanitsa tsitsi, kufunafuna m'mayiko ena, ndipo - Chofunika - tipeze malo pa phiri Circolo, kumene mphekesera, panali wolemera miyala ya miyala siliva. Phiri Cossack sanapezeke, koma zinali zofunika kwambiri kuti tsopano pali poyambira mudziwe zambiri.

Koma mapiri monyinyirika analola alendo. Zouluka zaka ndi zaka, bungwe maulendowa onse latsopano, koma malo lokwera Suntar-Hayata, anapitiriza kukhala malo oyera zotchuka. Kwa nthawi yoyamba m'dera anali zalembedwa mu 1944 airbrush kuwombera. Ndiyeno anatumiza kwa wina Geological kafukufuku ulendo kutsogoleredwa ndi V. M. Zavadovskogo.

Cholinga chachikulu cha ulendo uno sanali mchere Suntar-Hayata. Asayansi amayenera kupanga mapu olondola a m'derali pofotokoza mtunda mwatsatanetsatane. Komabe, kubwerera zinali zodzaza ndi uthenga zokopa: nsonga lokwera okutidwa ndi madzi oundana.

Kuphunzira oundana

Mu 1881 analemekeza malo, ndi zanyengo A. I. Voeykov umboni wa sayansi ndikosatheka pamaso pa kuwundana mu kum'mawa Siberia. mfundo zake anamanga mfundo kuti limeneli ndi otsika yozizira mpweya kutentha, koma chiwerengero cha mvula pachaka kochepa. Mu 1938, ntchito zake "chikhazikitso cha Climatology" L. S. Berg amapereka mfundo imeneyi.

Ndipo tsopano, patatha zaka zisanu chabe, Zavodovsky ulendo kumabweretsa umboni kuti kuwundana uko. Pambuyo zaka zitatu Ine limodzi zokhudza 208 oundana kuphimba lokwera Suntar-Hayata. Kufotokozera pa tsiku deta mothandizidwa ndi zithunzi mlengalenga. Malo okwana oundana, malinga Akatswiriwa, anakwana makilomita lalikulu 201,6. A kuchuluka okwana makilomita kiyubiki mpaka 12.

Popeza mapu zinali zoona zokhudza mapiri Suntar-Hayata. Photos amene wachinsinsi ndi kusunga, anathandiza amaonetsera zimene timapepala waukulu ayezi, monga akhoza kuyembekezera, wambiri mfundo apamwamba: pamwamba pa Mus-Khaya, beryllium, Vaskovsky, Obrucheva ndi Rakovski. Onse ali ndi msinkhu wa mamita oposa 2700 pamwamba pa nyanja. Mmodzi wa glacier chikutchedwa Union Doctor of Sciences Geographical, vnosshego chopereka chachikulu geomorphology dziko dera ndipo madera thupi. Iwo - glacier Solovyov. Suntar-Hayata - manambala mu Yakutia, chimene chiri ndi kukumbukira asayansi Russian. Koma pali ambiri, ndi nthano zawo.

Bakuman pa woyang'anira mapiri

Osati nthawi zonse okutidwa ndi nthano woopsa kwambiri ndi nsonga zazitali kwambiri. Pakati pa Yakut ndi Evenki nkhani zambiri watsoka Alton. Izi ndi ochepa pamwamba, ataliatali pa mamita 1542 pamwamba pa nyanja (kuyerekezera, Mountain Mphalapala Shaya ukufika mamita 2959, yomwe ndi pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri). Bakuman ali kuti mu mitima ya phiri pali matsenga nyanja. Pakati pa mosungiramo lodabwitsali mobisa ndi mpando wachifumu chosema kuchokera pa chidutswa umodzi wa kukongola chodabwitsa Jasper. Ndipo pa mpando wachifumu anakhala munthu wokalamba Alton - kumbuyo mtetezi wa mapiri. Magic madzi a nyanza adzapereka iye chosafa. madzi awa akhoza kuchiritsa munthu matenda aliwonse. Koma palibe wachivundi angayerekeze kubwera pafupi Altona nyanja. Ndipo kukwera phiri, osati umapatsidwa kwa aliyense. Only asing'anga kwambiri kulankhula ndi kudziko la mizimu, kupita kumeneko kumvera chifuniro cha makolo awo.

Kale, pamene dziko adakali wamng'ono, mu nkhalango anali ambiri masewera ndi mitsinje anali wa nsomba, anakhala wolimba mnyamata, Evenk. Anali mnyamata wamphamvu, wokongola ndipo wolemekezeka kunyumba ya bambo ake. The mnyamata wasonyeza yokha molimba mtima ndi bwino msaki. Iye sanabwerere kwa banja popanda nsomba moto.

Tsiku lina kusaka ndi m'nyamatayo adamva kuyimba patali. Ngati mtsinje wa gurgled merrily, ngati mphepo m'khutu chapansipansi, monga ngati dzuwa anapereka kutentha kwake kwa liwu ili chodabwitsa. Mlenje wamng'ono, kuiwala zonse, namtsata phokoso zodabwitsa. mawu a mtsikana wokongola, amene mlenje kugona tulo kamodzi macheka. maganizo ake nayenso, ndipo posakhalitsa achinyamata anali kukonzekera ukwati.

Koma ndiye tsokali zimachitika. Wokondedwa mlenje odwala ndi wayamba mudzandipembedza pamaso pake. No udzu, palibe chiwembu, palibe Ula miyambo kumupulumutsa. Mosimidwa, msaki akutembenukira kwa membala wamkulu wa fuko. Ndipo munthu wakale akumuuza momwe kufika zamatsenga nyanja mapiri wosagawanika. Iye akuchenjeza iye ngozi. Anapempha Alton salola adani. Only chaka kawiri, pamene m'dzinja ndi masika March, amasiya mpando wachifumu ndi usiku wake akutsikira pamwamba pa mapiri Suntar-Hayata.

Mlenje wamng'ono, kudya, ngati phiri chinkhoma Malingana ngati matalala kambuku, akapita paulendo. Long kapena lalifupi zimakhalira, koma mapeto amabwera kwa mapiri, ndi polowera ku nthumbi, kuyembekezera usiku ndi likulowerera mnyanja kwa madzi wapatali kwa wokondedwa wake.

Koma mnyamatayo analephera kuthawa pamaso pa Altona. Pokhumudwa, nkhalamba anabweretsa rockfall kuti oletsedwa khomo la phanga zikubweretsa nyanja, kuti kuphunzitsa zivundi amadya madzi ake. Mnyamata mlenje wosapindika mtetezi mapiri muyaya anapanga squire wake.

Phiri Alton

Today Phiri Alton anasangalala ndi mbiri yoipa m'dera anthu. Alenje amanena kuti ngakhale nyama zakutchire akamadutsa phiri m'chipululumo. Osati patali pa phiri, zouluka pa Suntar-Hayata, malo Hrs amene kale kukhazikika bwino nthawi imene ndege inaonongeka. Kugwa anapha anthu atatu. Ena alendo anataya moyo wawo popondapo phazi malo otsetsereka wonyenga wa Altona. utsi Zonsezi yekha zikhulupiriro zakale. Komabe, ziwerengero kawirikawiri m'madera ena. Ndi losavuta mwangozi zambiri ankangomva kuti atsimikizire zimene kwambiri kukhulupirira popanda iwo.

Mtima phiri ndi malo ake umaonekera mayina. Ndipotu, pali thanthwe paphiri, ndilo lotchedwa chala Mdyerekezi. Suli kutali ndi phazi la malo kudziwika monga Mdyerekezi manda. Pali yatcheredwa mafupa a mbawala, ikuwombedwa ndi nsaluzi zinkangokhala ndi nthawi. Zikuoneka nyama wotumidwa pano, pamene akuona njira ya imfa.

chala Mdyerekezi pansi pa gawo ofukula za otsetsereka kuonekera pakhomo kuphanga. Malinga ndi nthano, pali amayamba mumphangayo yaitali, yomwe inali kumapeto kwa nyanja ndi madzi machiritso. Koma kuti kuphanga zimatheka ndi zipangizo zina zapadera kukwera. Ngakhale zozizwitsa nyanja ndipo sanapezeke, koma sadapezamo kutali Phiri Wolf khwawa ndi hitters ochepa kuchokera pansi mafungulo a dziko lapansi. madzi, ndithudi, palibe matsenga, koma ndithudi machiritso. Ndi zonse mchere kusamba leached kuchokera pansi pa Suntar-Hayata, kuthandiza kuchiza matenda ambiri apakhungu ndi ngakhale kuthetsa mukupweteka mu mafupa.

Udindo wa mitsinje pakagwa Suntar-Hayata

Ridge Suntar-Hayata ndi okulira Chevy Indigirka ndi Aldan. M'dera lino, ambiri okongola ndi loyenda mitsinje. Dongosolo yaikulu mtsinje Indigirka makhwawa. Mu kugwa kwake Kongor mtsinje Agayakan, Suntar, Azeykan ndi Kuydusun. Anasonkhana madzi tyry Aldan, Eastern Khandyga ndi Yudoma. Kusaka A, Delkyu Okhotsk, Ulbeya, Urak, Kukhtui ndi Ketanda ikuyenda mu nyanja ya Okhotsk.

Pamaso pa mitsinje ambiri sanathe zimaonekera mapangidwe mpumulo. Mitsinje kudula kudzera zigwembe zozama padziko msana wamng'ono. Ngati inu muyang'ana ku malo, malowa amaoneka ngati chimphona chachikulu, pazifukwa zina, phiri ankangodzigwera ngati pepala. A amatsata lapadziko akhoza kuona wowoneka bwino mpikisano wothamanga madzi mwa maphompho wosweka ndi kunyenga kwa kutalika kwa mathithi phokoso ndi shimmering.

Komabe, zimenezi kukongola kwa tawonani ali osankhidwa ochepa. Chifukwa kuthana ndi mitsinje iyi si kophweka. Kufika mwa iwo ndi zinadzala ndi ngozi zambiri. Pa mofulumira, kawirikawiri kunjenjemera (osaya zigawo ndi mosintha anamwazikana pansi pa boulders) ndi masikono (osaya, mu mawonekedwe a kutsinde ndi mbali lotayirira pansi) kwambiri kusokoneza ntchito. Komanso, madzi m'mitsinje zambiri fluctuates zikuchepa. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti iwo kudyetsedwa osati ndi mpweya, komanso chifukwa cha limatsogolera la ayezi pepala ndi tarynov (magawo amaundana ayezi m'chigwa nthawi yozizira).

nyanja Labyngkyr

Kumadera kumene Suntar-Khayat, kwambiri nyanja. zambiri kuposa iwo sayenera anachokera kwa oundana. Mu ambiri izo - amatunga yaing'ono, unazunguliridwa mu chimango cha scree lapansi. A kupatulapo zosangalatsa chikutanthauza ndi nyanja Labyngkyr. Kukwera kwa kutalika mamita oposa zikwi pamwamba pa nyanja, izo imafalira pa 14 makilomita yaitali ndi zinayi makilomita lonse. kuya kwake ndi ndithu - zina ukufika mamita 53. Madzi n'zodabwitsa woyera. Kumpoto kwa chilungamo cha madzi - khumi mamita.

Nyanja wolemera nsomba - Grayling, Pike, goldilocks, dambo, mumapezeka nsomba, whitefish, Dolly Varden ndi ena. Nsomba yaikulu - burbot. Koma nsomba apa si kwambiri otukuka. Akukhulupirira kuti m'zaka ziwiri zapitazi la nyanja ndaweza makilogalamu makumi asanu okha nsomba. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa. The mtunda apa kufikako m'nyengo yozizira ndi chiyani pano ali kutali malire. Ndipotu, dera lomwe pali nyanja Labyngkyr, ndi ozizira kwambiri kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi.

Madzi Labyngkyre nthawi ozizira. Ngakhale mu yotentha chilimwe nyengo, kutentha sasefukira pamwamba mlingo wa madigiri naini. N'zosadabwitsa kuti nyanja iyi amaundana patapita nthawi yaitali kuposa ena. Ngakhale oyandikana nyanja modekha kukwera galimoto yaikulu, Labyngkyr sadzachitanso kuphimba kutumphuka m'mphepete mwa nyanja ayezi. Ngakhale frosts aakulu shestidesyatigradusnye kupita pa thupi ili la madzi ndi woopsa. makina mwina nthawi iliyonse mwadzidzidzi zidzalephera ndi pansi pa madzi.

Flora Suntar-Hayata

Osiyanasiyana zomera mochedwa mtundu m'chilimwe Chigawo chonse, wosefukira mitundu zodabwitsa za Suntar-Hayata. Gold, wofiirira, nofeki, wobiriwira ndi lalanje osiyanasiyana - izi zonse motsutsa likhale nsonga otchuka mdima ndi zipewa zoyera, kuti limbikitse mpaka kumwamba buluu, kulenga chithunzi wosangalatsa.

zomera obweretsa ali bwino anasonyeza magawidwe vertically. Kuyambira mamita 2000 ndipo pamwamba pa lachipululu akuyamba. Palibe kukula chilichonse. Mountain Titafika pamalo lili imeneyi kuchokera mamita 1400 ndi 2000 pamwamba pa nyanja. Malire a ulemu ikuchitikira ndere yekha, lichens kuti zakudya Tingafinye ku moraines akale (matope anadzadza ndi oundana). Komanso, pansipa otsetsereka anayamba mwamantha kuoneka osowa zilumba ya m'mapiri poppies, Rhododendrons golide komanso yosowa kungokhala pamodzimodzi nyenyezi yaing'ono msondodzi.

More pansipa, ali mosalekeza Mzere zochita zokwawa mkungudza. Molimba mtima limatuluka pamwamba pansi mita ndi theka. Pakati pa birch nyenyezi yaing'ono Middendorf kuti inadza ndipo Dahurian larch. Koma otsetsereka m'munsi mwa masitepe, chojambulidwa cha m'ma 1500 meters pamwamba pa nyanja, yokutidwa ndi weniweni deciduous nkhalango.

zomera

Nayonso zinyama ali wolemera zosiyanasiyana. Pali anthu mbawala ndi ng'ombe cha mphalapala zakutchire. Suntar-Hayata mapiri Cholinga m'dera la nkhosa yosowa bighorn. Ndi mitundu kawirikawiri ndi malo olekanitsidwa gawo. Panthawi imeneyi, nkhosa bighorn ndi amatetezedwa ndi lamulo la kusamala nyama osowa.

M'nkhalango ndipo ngakhale pathanthwe mitsinje mkulu Titafika pamalo anthu akalulu lalikulu imvi ndi kalulu. Mu lamapiri ndi lowland nkhalango deciduous ndi malo ofiira ndi agologolo wakuda, agologolo zouluka ndi ndawala. chipmunks Ubiquitous scurrying pa chitsamba. Wakhomo kuti iwo anakhala mtundu mwachilungamo chosowa cha Kamchatka marmot. Lambiri mu anthu m'dera la gologolo (US Long-tailed pansi gologolo).

Suntar-Hayat monga malo alendo

Suntar-Hayata mapiri amakopa alendo, amayenda ulendo. Apa n'zotheka anagona kukwera, kutsetsereka ndi madzi maulendo mavuto osiyana. Nsonga lili pa kutali m'madera chapakati, ukhale ndi njanji iliyonse inali. Chinthu ichi ali kungasokoneze chitukuko cha mafakitale zokopa alendo. Komabe, timatha kupulumutsa kukopa yaikulu m'derali - pristine ake malo achilengedwe.

zodutsa amaika mumsewu, apaulendo kumvetsa kuti ntchitoyi udzachitike mu kudziyimira pawokha wathunthu. Zimenezi zimawonjezera chibwenzi ndi zosangalatsa. Nthawi zambiri njira za tinapangidwa kuti akwere pamwamba pa anakonza, ndi ulendo kubwerera kuthetsa, rafting pa mitsinje. Nthawi zambiri maulendo amenewa amatenga miyezi ingapo. Iwo amafuna yokonza kwambiri ndi kukonzekera bwino. Pali kuthekera kwa gulu ulendo, kutsogozedwa ndi atsogoleri odziwa. Nthawi zambiri yokopa anthu amenewa ankagwiritsa ntchito akavalo, amene kunyamula katundu munthu ndi zipangizo ambiri msasa bivouac.