The Red Book wa dera Kostroma: nyama ndi zomera

The Red Book - ndi chikalata chachikulu, muli zipangizo za zikuchitika mitundu kawirikawiri ndi pangozi zomera ndi nyama mu dziko. Pamaziko a deta izi ikuchitika kukhala miyezo sayansi ndi othandiza chitetezo ndi kubereka toyesa patalipatali.

Books Red milingo yosiyana (padziko lonse, dziko ndi dera).

Red Book la Chitaganya cha Russian

Ntchito pa Red buku la Russia ano unayambitsidwa mu 1992, koma buku lokha, zimaikidwa mu 2001. Kuyambira pamenepo anayamba kuoneka dera Red Data Books zokhudza yekha kuti ena m'dera kapena m'mphepete. Mabuku amenewa imagwiranso Red Book wa dera Kostroma. Nyama ndi zomera zalembedwa mu kalata iyi annotated, chidwi anthu, osati wa dera Kostroma, komanso okhala la Russia.

Nkhaniyi ndi mndandanda mwachidule za nyama ya Red Book wa dera Kostroma, komanso mndandanda wa zomera ndi mbalame. Kumasulira zambiri zokhudza mtundu uliwonse payokha kukuthandizani kumvetsa bwino za kukongola ndi ulemerero wa chilengedwe zoweta dziko, amene ayenera kuteteza kutetezedwa.

dera Kostroma

Kostroma Oblast lili kumpoto cha kum'mawa kwa Ulaya Russia. Malowa ali pamtunda mwa mapiri moraine, nthawi zina ngakhale lowe zigwa.

m'dera anatchuka chifukwa madzi ake. Pa dera la dera Kostroma pali zikwi zitatu mitsinje, onse zazikulu ndi zazing'ono, wofunika kwambiri umene uli Volga. Ambiri a m'gawo m'maderawa aphimbidwa ndi nkhalango, makamaka coniferous. Chotero, munthu kudziwa mmene chuma zosiyanasiyana ndi nyama ndi zomera a m'derali, amene malo ndi zosiyana ndi ali nkhope ambiri ndi ndi chipwirikiti mtsinje ukuyenda, zitani osaya mitsinje; izi munda wandiweyani, ndi chonyowa madambo busa.

ndi mitundu ya nyama ndi zomera amateteza Red Book wa dera Kostroma chiyani? Photo ndi kufotokozera kwake adzakhala ada mangala m'nkhani ino.

Zinyama. inakhala

Oyimira a zinyama a dera Kostroma - amene ndi nkhalango omasuka malo ndi Titafika pamalo. Malinga ndi kafukufuku boma, m'chigawo pali anaphunzira inakhala mazana atatu sikisite-sikisi, eyite sikisi amene amaonedwa osowa kapena pangozi.

Nyama Kostroma dera, kutchulidwa Red Book - ndi koposa zonse, mbalame ndi makoswe. Ngakhale pali pakati pawo, ndipo anthu ogwirira, monga mink European.

The European mink - ndi nyama ya banja weasel. Iye amakhala m'mphepete mwa madzi ndi mokoma mumbali gombe, inamera udzu ndi alders, wakudya nsomba, nsomba zazinkhanira ndipo achule. Nthawi zina akhoza kudyetsedwa nkhuku.

The amadziwika chifukwa cha mtundu - nembanemba kusambira pakati pa zala. mink thupi kutalika ranges ku masentimita 28 43, ndi kulemera - kuchokera 550 mpaka 800

The mink European amadziwika ubweya wake wapatali, kotero Red Book wa dera Kostroma anasankha kumutenga kukuteteza boma. anachisonyeza anatengedwa, ndi zina Yofiira Bukhu la Russia.

Zinyama. Short mndandanda

Osowa pangozi inakhala Kostroma dera mulinso:

Zolengedwa zoyamwitsa kalasi:

Ku dongosolo la Insectivorous - Common muskrat ndi American pygmy shrew.

Ku dongosolo la mleme - Red noctule, dziwe mleme, kuleza opindika m'makona mleme, zina kuti adzipeza mtundu chikopa ndi ena.

Wa rodent - Siberia zouluka gologolo, Sadovaya Sonya, matabwa lemming, etc ...

Maphunziro zokwawa:

Ku dongosolo la Scale - Anguis fragilis ndi buluzi mchenga.

Ku dongosolo la Njoka - Common mphiri.

The kalasi achule:

Kuchokera kuti Tailed - Siberia salamander.

Ku dongosolo la tailless - European moto bellied umodzi wa achule, wamba spadefoot umodzi wa achule, chithaphwi chule , ndi enanso ambiri.

Choncho ngati mukufuna kusaka m'mayiko Kostroma, samalani pachiyambi, kuwerenga Red Book, mulibe mwangozi kuwononga wapatali ndi pangozi mitundu.

Zinyama. Inakhala. nsomba

malangizo amenewa kwa asodzi onse ndi okonda kupota, chifukwa Red Book wa dera Kostroma amateteza ngakhale redkovstrechaemyh nsomba. Pakati pawo tiyenera kutchula Grayling European ku Troop Salmoniformes.

European Grayling - ndi madzi oyera nsomba za banja nsomba, ali ndi mitundu makamaka zachilendo ndipo amakhala ku madzi ozizira ndi oyera. M'litali angafikire masentimita 60 ndi kulemera - 6.5 makilogalamu. Grayling adya nkhanu, akangaude, mollusks, tizilombo ndiponso ngakhale nsomba zina zing'onozing'ono.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti graylings European ndi wosakhwima fungo thyme (kapena thyme).

M'dera Kostroma kutetezedwa ndi madzi oyera nsomba zina: Sturgeon, Russian Nsombazi, Russian bystranka, Gorceac, ziphuphu vulgaris, ndi ena.

Zinyama. Inakhala. mbalame

Amene aliyense amateteza Red Book wa dera Kostroma? Nyama m'gulu mndandanda, makalasi osiyanasiyana ndipo subspecies. Iwo ali okongola kwambiri ndi chidwi ndi maonekedwe awo, makhalidwe ndi udindo wa chilengedwe.

Mwa zinyama anthu ayenera kulabadira mapiko ngati. Mmodzi wa iwo amatenga amatetezedwa wa Red Book wa dera Kostroma? Mbalame otchulidwa izo - ndi, koposa zonse detachment wa Ciconiiformes, ndi chitsanzo yowala amene ali Black Mbalame Yotchedwa Dokowe.

Black dokowe - mbalame yokongola zachilendo mitundu. mchira wake ali wakuda mtundu wolemera, imene miyendo ofiira ndi mlomo ngati makamaka wowala kwambiri.

Mbalame m'dera nkhalango, madzi pafupi, anthu kupewa ndi malo omwe anthu amakhalako. Zingayambe inakhala makamaka ang'ono ndi invertebrates (nthawi zina ngakhale makoswe, njoka ndi abuluzi).

Wintering Black dokowe, mbalame youluka Asia South. chibwana amalikonda - kuuluka mu ndege, mapiko kufalitsa-eagled. Hatches dokowe anapiye pafupi mwezi, ana limapezeka m'goli ndi mzake. Pa miyezi iwiri yotsatira, mbalame wamkulu kudyetsa ana, belching chakudya.

mbalame zina, omwe akunena za Red Book wa dera Kostroma (ndipo pali osachepera makumi asanu), komanso ali okongola ndi insufficiently kuphunzira, komanso Black Mbalame Yotchedwa Dokowe. Choyamba, izi Gray chimeza ndi Little Bittern, Whooper Mbalame ya Chinsansa ndi Red-breasted Goose, Golden Mphungu ndi Short-toed Mphungu, Merlin ndi oystercatcher, Drozdovidnaya Warbler ndi HAWFINCH, ndi ena ambiri.

Zinyama. invertebrates

The Red Book wa dera Kostroma muli mndandanda wa nyama nyama zonse zopanda mafupa, chofunika ankatetezedwa. Amene pali mitundu sate-eyiti. Zikuphatikizapo ena nkhono (wamba mussel wakuda shelled mtsinje mussel), nkhanu (Spring schiten, Chilimwe schiten, Astacus leptodactylus), Tombolombo (Green agogo, anzeru kukongola, Lütke-nymph), Tizilombo (German zamoto, Marble chafer, linafalitsidwa kwambiri kachilomboka) , Hymenoptera (Big birch sawfly, Avereji hornet, bumblebee Ground) ndi ena ambiri.

Zinyama. agulugufe

Kumene, pansi pa chitetezero cha boma unagwa ndipo agulugufe ambiri. Pakati pawo - Swallowtail.

Swallowtail - wokongola tsiku gulugufe wa banja Lepidoptera. ogwiririra ake kutsogolo ali chokongoletsedwa ndi lowala chokongoletsera zachilendo - mawanga akuda ndi milozo, komanso lonse malire wakuda. A mapiko kumbuyo ndi chitsanzo zambiri zodabwitsa: buluu ndi wachikasu yamawangamawanga amathandizana ndi red-bulauni diso, wazunguliridwa ndi wakuda chilekano. Wingspan mtundu wa gulugufe angafikire 81 mm amuna ndi akazi 94 mm.

Swallowtail amakhala madambo a mitundu yosiyanasiyana, pa m'mbali nkhalango ndi clearings, roadsides ndi mitsinje.

Akazi kuikira mazira swallowtail, zikuuluka mu mlengalenga, padziko lateral ya tsinde kapena underside wa masamba a zomera khamu, zimenezi ng'ombe parsnip, katsabola, parsley, alder Maksimovic, girchovnitsa, fraxinella mohnatoplodny ndi ena ambiri. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, kubalana agulugufe wadwala awonongedwe lalikulu monga chotsatira cha moto, ndikutchetcha udzu, msipu ndi kupondereza meadows mphamvu.

Komabe, kupatula mtundu yosowa ya zinyama mu Red Book, ndithudi, aphatikizidwa nthumwi za dziko mbewu.

Flora. maluwa

Zomera za Red Book wa dera Kostroma wapadera. Iwo kukwapula mu kukongola kwawo chikhalidwe, zodabwitsa ndi zosowa kukongola.

Choyamba, ndi pafupifupi makumi awiri mitundu mitundu maluwa quire ndi buttercup banja, kwa mitundu yoposa khumi ndi asanu a sedge ndi udzu. Pakati pa zosiyanasiyana zimenezi maluwa ndi zomera onunkhira, mwatchulidwa ikhale ya bulbous kalipso.

Kalipso anyezi - ndi osatha herbaceous zomera za banja maluwa, chionekera maluwa ake modabwitsa wokongola. Aakulu ndi onunkhira maluwa ndi adatchithisira pansi mutu kufika kutalika kwa pafupifupi 1.5 cm, ndipo ali ndi milomo mabanga sac (pafupifupi 2 cm). pakamwa chooneka ngati nsapato, yomwe ili m'munsi mwa matabwa atatu yowala chikasu tsitsi.

Kalipso maluwa limapezeka mu May ndi June, ndi fruiting - mu July ndi August.

M'dzinja anagwira tsamba kusintha maluwa, choncho ali ndi chisanu akali atsopano wobiriwira tsamba, zimene zikusonyeza chiyambi otentha Calypso Nyimbo bulbous.

Flora. zomera zina

Zomera Kostroma dera, kutchulidwa Red Book, si mitundu yekha. Iwo mulinso Lichens (Lobar m'mapapo), wofiira algae (Batrahospermum beaded), ndere (Sphagnum bog, Gomaliya trihomanovidnaya, Dikranum lomkolisty), komanso ena a mitengo ndi zitsamba. Choyamba, ndi - Loparskaya Willow, Willow chernikovidnaya, nyenyezi yaing'ono birch ndi birch squat.

Total m'ndende anatengedwa mitundu zana limodzi makumi asanu asanu kwa zomera ndi zamoyo mbewu. Pakati pawo, mwatchulidwa ikhale ya zomera oterowo kuberekana monga wakuda crowberry.

Crowberry wakuda (kapena wakuda Shiksha) - ndi yaing'ono yobiriwira chitsamba chilichonse Heather banja. Chimakula makamaka lalikulu, crowberry tchire Zimapezeka m'matanthwe, komanso mu nkhalango coniferous ndi Titafika pamalo ndi milu.

Nthambi za tchire ndi wobiriwira, Brown kapena pabuka mtundu, ndi maluwa ndi Kamaoneka pinki kapena ofiirira mtundu. M'dzinja crowberry wakuda opaque drupe zipatso zomwe ndi mankhwala ndi zakudya.

Mtengo wa bukhu

Monga mmene taonera, Red Book wa dera Kostroma - ichi ndi nkhani zofunika kwambiri ndi chidwi. Chokongoletsedwa ndi mafanizo yowala anapereka ndi kufotokoza mwachidule mfundo zokhudza mitundu yosiyanasiyana pangozi, kudzatenga malo ake oyenera mu laibulale kukuthandizani agwirizane woyenera ndi womveka ntchito - kusamala ndi kuteteza chilengedwe.